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Fighting the war on drugs: how presidential administrations produce distinct policing regimes
No full text124 leaves : illustrations.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-124).This paper seeks to explain the war on drugs through a creation of a policing regime typology. This typology is constructed by examining the distinctions between legislation, presidential rhetoric, and administrative goals. It is applied to the case administrations of Nixon, Reagan, Obama and Trump to formulate an explanatory model of the different leadership styles of drug policies since 1969. It includes an examination of the Southern slave patrol as the originating model of modern policing, and how the structures that perpetuate a system social control of African Americans and ethnic minorities have evolved since slavery. In defining policing regimes, a content analysis is performed to analyze administrative rhetoric in the targeted legislation. The paper concludes with the construction of the ideal policing regime to end the war on drugs, with four major policy recommendations to aid in its construction
Similarities between gap junctions and the Peace Bridge in Northern Ireland.
No full text9 pages; illustrations
The sankofa and the eagle : pan-african geopolitics and the future of american power
No full text115 leaves.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-114).This project deals with the rise of continental integration in Africa as it relates to the United States. Drawing from the history of Pan-Africanist thought and institutions and the conduct of U.S. Africa policy, I look at the ways in which increasing economic and political interdependence in Africa will benefit and hinder the interests of the U.S. and how the U.S. can shape its foreign policy accordingly. I argue that the prospect of increasing integration in Africa and the further development of the African Union will most likely benefit U.S. short-run interests in the areas of commercial relations, peace and security, and strategic minerals access. These benefits, however, are contingent on the U.S. adopting an Africa policy that is geared to the realities of regional and continental integration
Analog Modeling of Contractional Strain on Europa
No full text46 pages, illustratedIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 42-44).Jupiter's moon Europa shows evidence that it is creating new surface material. Since the
moon is not increasing in surface area this material must be accommodated somehow. It
is possible this may be due to contractional bands with in Europa sinking as plates collide.
This was simulated with an analogue sand model. The model found that sinking faults result
in more tightly packed faults that contract more horizontally than their non sinking counter
parts. This plus other factors such as erosion of any crustal root the sinking fault creates by
convection with Europa's ocean may be the way crust is recycled on Europa
Enantioselective synthesis of beta-amino acids for inclusion into natural products
No full text86 leaves : illustrations.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-76).Reported herein is the analysis of methods to synthesize beta-amino acids for the use in natural product synthesis. Three syntheses were attempted to create the necessary beta-enamide intermediates, however, only one method was found to be consistently successful in producing the desired product. This method consisted of two-steps utilizing acyl chlorides to functionalize the amine group and create six desired beta-enamide. Hydrogenations of each of these molecules were then attempted using (S)-Binapine coupled with Ni(OAc)2 to determine the compatibility of this molecule with beta-enamides with various substituents. It was determined that a complex of (S)-binapine and Ni(OAc)2 was only successful with two of the six molecules. Further investigation will be completed to determine the differences between metal ligands and the abilities of other ligands to complete these hydrogenations
Detection and Quantification of Tetracycline using Energy-Efficient Synthesized Carbon Dots
No full text58 pages; illustrationsIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 35-37).The use of carbon dots as sensors has increased in popularity and they have been found to be efficient fluorescent probes with high sensitivity and selectivity. The carbon dot synthesis efficiency was improved in this study. Carbon dots were then used to detect and quantify the commonly used antibiotic, tetracycline. Tetracycline is an oral, broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, thermodynamic constants for the association of carbon dots and tetracycline (CD-TC) were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. Job’s plot analysis showed that tetracycline and carbon dots display 1:1 stoichiometry. The binding constants, K, for the complexation were determined using a modified Stern-Volmer equation and yielded values 2.50 × 10^4, 1.04 × 10^4, 2.02 ×10^4, and 2.50 × 10^4 M-1 for 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K, respectively. Thermodynamic analyses suggest that the CD-TC complex occurs spontaneously with DG being negative between 298-313 K. Both the enthalpy, DH, and the entropy, DS, of the reaction were also negative at higher temperatures (308-313 K) suggesting that the reaction was exothermic, enthalpy-driven, and the disorder of the isolated system decreased. However, at lower temperatures (298- 303 K) values of DH and DS were both positive suggesting that the CD-TC association was entropy-driven. Future work can include replication of this experiment for reproducibility and probing of other antibiotics with these carbon dots
Experimental and Simulation Efforts in the Astrobiological Exploration of Exooceans
No full text41 pages;color illustrations.Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.24 pages; color illustrations