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Injustice Anywhere: A Comparative Law Analysis of Saudi Arabia’s Criminal Justice System
A narrow understanding of other nations’ judicial systems begets unsupported assumptions about the way a justice system should operate. While many western commenters have publicized the failures of Middle Eastern societies to protect individual rights, much of the existing literature fails to analyze the legal structures which perpetuate injustice and the motivations that keep the institutions in place. This article illuminates the goals Saudi Arabia’s justice system, inspects how those goals parallel the goals of other common law and civil law systems, and evaluates whether Saudi Arabia’s system is able to effectively accomplish its aims.
This article argues that Saudi Arabia’s criminal justice system accomplishes its goals with precision, but that the nation sacrifices justice in its pursuit of religious fervor and citizen compliance. This article concludes that Saudi Arabia’s judicial system misses its mark and perpetuates injustice even where it pursues the same goals as western judicial systems. Ultimately, Saudi Arabia’s justice system is in dire need of dramatic overhaul but is too practically deficient to implement reform
Trickle-Down Compliance: How Codifying the Mandatory Presidential Audit Can Improve Tax Morale and Tax Compliance
A functioning government requires tax revenue, and democratic legitimacy requires a nation’s leaders be subject to the same laws as its citizens. The president’s tax behavior is an opportunity to address both needs. With a projected increase in the tax gap, there is a need for a politically viable, cost-effective way to increase revenues. In December 2022, the House Ways and Means Committee released a report revealing that the IRS failed to perform mandatory annual audits of former President Donald Trump’s taxes. The revelation imperils public trust in tax administration, requiring a new approach to guarantee accountability for a president’s tax behavior. Thus far, discussion of Trump’s taxes has focused on voluntary disclosure and possible repercussions for Trump himself. This Note is novel in its focus on the presidential audit and its proposed implications for tax morale. First, it establishes the symbolic significance of presidents’ tax behavior and the power of tax morale to increase tax compliance. Then, the Note proposes a codified mandatory presidential audit that maximizes the impact of the audit on taxpayers’ compliance
Justice, a Photo Series
The following two photos were shot as part of a photo series at a Black Lives Matter protest in Long Beach, California circa 2018. These photos were shot on black and white film with a vintage 35mm Rangefinder