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What Counts as Sexual Consent? Consent Communication within Heteropatriarchy: A Resource for Improving Sexual Communication and Education
No full textConsent is a nuanced conversation that is context-dependent and both a deeply personal and interpersonal process. When examining the context in which consent operates, one must acknowledge the underlying sociocultural structures that shape consent communication. Inherent in most contemporary definitions of consent is the concept of free choice and willingness, however many conceptualizations of consent ignore the gendered expectations and heteronormative power differentials that impede women's ability to freely consent. Therefore, broader social discourse must be considered when evaluating why it is problematic to assume women can "just say no" to unwanted sex. On this notion, sexual consent must be conceptualized as a gendered and unequal process that is operating within heteropatriarchal contexts. As the many definitions of consent in literature and legislation have evolved over time, it is essential to consider whether these conceptualizations accurately represent consent behaviours exhibited in real life scenarios, and how this subsequently impacts sexual assault identification. Despite numerous sexual assault prevention initiatives, the prevalence of sexual violence has not declined in several decades. Thus, implications of this research are invaluable on both an individual and systemic level. This paper aims to synthesize and critically examine extant sexual consent literature through the lens of feminist-informed perspectives. In doing so, this can address how internalized norms and gendered beliefs inform sexual behaviours. Recommendations to improve sexual education and sexual communication are discussed, along with evidence-based resources, in an effort to increase agency in sexual decision making
Exploring Gratitude as a Protective Factor for Athlete Mental Health and Well-Being
Get PDFGratitude entails a sense of appreciation and recognition that this feeling comes from an external factor (Emmons & McCullough, 2004). The following paper outlines the many positive benefits experienced on both individual and social levels when gratitude is adopted. Gratitude can be important for physical health, positive well-being, as well as in close relationships, work environments, and sport to name a few. While gratitude is promising for healthy well-being, factors that influence the propensity to being grateful, including individual and sociocultural characteristics, are explored. Gratitude interventions and skills to embody gratitude are also discussed. Overall, the objectives of this paper aim to offer an in-depth exploration of what gratitude is, why it is beneficial, the factors that influence it, as well as how to best cultivate it. As gratitude is a less researched area in the sport psychology field, the findings of this paper are utilized to propose a workshop that can increase resilience with the hopes of enhancing athlete mental health and well-being
Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder from a Trauma-Informed Attachment-Based Perspective: Clinical Recommendations
No full textBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common psychiatric inpatient disorder wherein individuals struggle with regulating emotions, sense of self, and interpersonal relationships. The biosocial developmental model of BPD posits that there are biological, environmental and developmental influences in the development of BPD. Individuals with BPD often seek inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services to help manage their symptoms. Many individuals with BPD report traumatic childhood histories, and it has long been theorized that childhood maltreatment in the form of abuse or neglect is linked with the development of BPD. Childhood maltreatment has also been linked with insecure attachment styles. Individuals with insecure attachment styles often engage in maladaptive behaviour, which presents with similar symptoms as BPD. Unfortunately, BPD is a diagnosis which carries high levels of stigma amongst mental health professionals. Individuals with borderline personality disorder are often seen as manipulative and difficult to work with, leading to poorer therapeutic relationship, poorer compliance to therapy and therapeutic outcomes. However, viewing BPD from a trauma-informed, attachment-based perspective can provide clinicians a deeper understanding of this diagnosis and alternative pathways to work with these individuals. Clinical recommendations are provided to help therapists view and treat BPD from a trauma-informed attachment-focused perspective
The Effects of Early Succession Planning in Family Businesses
No full textSuccession planning is a tool that can determine the sustainability of family-owned businesses (Muskat & Zehrer, 2017; Tang & Hussin, 2020). While studies exist on family businesses' succession planning, little research has been done about the effects of early succession planning on family businesses in the United States. Early succession planning, which may begin years before the expected succession, may be more effective in facilitating the multigenerational continuity of family business ownership and management than rapid or last-minute succession planning (Porfírio et al., 2020). This study focused on small-size family-owned businesses. According to Ballaro and Polk (2017), senior leaders directly or indirectly affect the achievement of goals. Utilizing the human capital theory, agency theory, and leadership model theory, the researcher uses this qualitative descriptive case study to explore the limited understanding of the effects of early succession planning in family-owned businesses with less than 50 employees. The study examined the views of leaders from family businesses in Western Washington. Participants for the study were selected through a pre-interview survey and then took part in individual semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed using the six-step, thematic, inductive procedure described by Braun and Clarke (2006). Criterion sampling was used, in which recruitment efforts were focused on individuals who met specific inclusion criteria. Three themes emerged during data analysis as the major findings in this study, with participants describing the effects of early succession planning as primarily positive. An early and proper business succession plan will help alleviate issues by ensuring a smooth transition between the members. The results of this study provide increased knowledge of the effects that an early succession plan can have on the success and continuity of family businesses. Leaders of private or public-owned companies can use the study results in implementing succession planning strategies in organizations for the future continuity of businesses
The Inheritance Project: Exploring Intergenerational Trauma in Refugee Communities Affected by War and Political Violence
No full textThis capstone explores three of several well-documented mechanisms of transmission of intergenerational trauma in refugee populations affected by war and political violence: silence about the trauma, harsh parenting, and child abuse, and disrupted attachment. Intergenerational trauma is examined in the context of systemic oppression and challenges faced by refugees in host countries, which inevitably interact with the functioning of the family system. This paper uses family systems theory and attachment theory as theoretical frameworks. The purpose of this capstone is to understand how trauma is transmitted from one generation to the next, in order to develop a mental health intervention. The capstone concludes with a proposed menta health intervention called The Inheritance Project, which provides a space for community support and sharing of information and resources for refugees and their offspring who have experienced intergenerational trauma