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The Effects of Operational Managers' Behaviors on Team Members: Task and Relationship Conflict, Role Clarity, and Leader-Member Exchange
Get PDFThe topic of leaderships' effect on team members has been the focus of research, including role theory, leader-member exchange (LMX), and social identity. Operational managers were moved between teams to gain experience. Over the years, the organization investigated in this study moved from authoritarian leadership to a more collaborative style. Operational managers' formal training included technical expertise, but training for interpersonal skills did not keep pace. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of managers' behaviors on team members, task and relationship conflict, and role clarity on team performance. The research methodology chosen for this study was a qualitative method using an exploratory case study as the research design. Ten participants were selected using the purposive approach, followed by one-on-one interviews to discuss factors impacting the relationship between the operational managers and team members. Each participant was assigned a pseudonym. Data collection was conducted through individual and open-ended semistructured interviews. Data analysis was conducted cross-case to determine conceptual categories that led to the emergence of three themes: Effects of Role Clarity, Constructive Task Conflict, and Factors Affecting Task and Relationship Conflict. The results of the data analysis led to recommendations: (a) increased awareness of operational managers' behaviors on members, both positive and negative to mitigate or enhance the effect; (b) determine balance between enough and too much role documentation and the quality of existing documentation to determine what actions to take; and (c) investigate the cause of relationship conflict promptly to determine cause so it can be addressed appropriately. Future research could delve into (a) the effects of union culture on members and the efficacy of operational managers; (b) deeper analysis into the factors of LMX, role clarity, and social identity to understand which approaches are most beneficial to the operational managers; (c) how the use of ingroup and out-group attitudes affect the combination of LMX, role clarity and social identity; and (d) how operational managers' personality and preferences affect their choices about approaching conflict
Unintended Effects of Child Apprehension on Indigenous Mothers with Intergenerational Trauma in Canada
No full textA growing body of research underlines the compelling concern about continued disproportionate child apprehension of Indigenous children and transmission of intergenerational trauma. Also, there is bountiful research on the impact of child apprehension on children. However, little research has been conducted on the unintended effects of child apprehension concerning mothers, particularly Indigenous mothers with intergenerational trauma. Thus, the purpose of the literature review is to survey the recent five scholarly articles relating to the topic to reveal any gaps in research and psychotherapy to address the concern about the unintended detrimental effects of child apprehension for Indigenous mothers who are struggling with intergenerational trauma. Knowing the universal primary mother and child context for both the current child apprehension and the historical forcible child apprehension for residential schools and the Sixties Scoop, I have attempted to understand the common themes of unintended effects of children apprehension for Indigenous and non-Indigenous mothers and their association with intergenerational trauma effects through the explorative review of three qualitative and two quantitative studies. The synthesized findings indicate that the unintended consequences of child apprehension are detrimental and universal, except they were more severe for Indigenous mothers. Also, the findings demonstrate a close association between the emerged common themes and intergenerational trauma effects. The novel understanding shows the need to focus on the primary mother and child context when working with Indigenous mothers struggling with the experiences of child apprehension and intergenerational trauma to support healing and reunification and reduce or prevent transmission of intergenerational trauma. Due to the close association, I propose a single two-track project to address the disproportionate child apprehension rate and intergenerational trauma for Indigenous Peoples as one joint problem. In addition, the findings suggest the necessity for an adequate understanding of cultural appropriateness for psychotherapy to be genuinely inclusive or diversified to effectively facilitate the specific needs of the vulnerable Indigenous population
An Exploration of Adolescent Mental Health, Clinical Care and the [Inevitable] Relationship with Parents
Get PDFThe aim of this work is to expose clinicians to the nuanced, sometimes complicated but always necessary relationship between adolescents and their parents. The field of counselling adolescents outside of their family context is a relatively new endeavour. While psychology was one of the first fields to identify and study the adolescent phase of development, today's practice of one-to-one counselling with adolescents does not have such history. The lack of robust research of methods and no clear, professional standards is concerning and has come under criticism. Adolescents are considered a unique and vulnerable profession that are in need of recognition and protection when entering into a therapeutic alliance. A review of the literature will demonstrate the need for adolescents to be treated within in the context of their developmental phase and family relationships. The parent-adolescent relationship is examined, three perspectives are shared, and an investigation of expanding therapeutic alliance to include families is explored. Furthermore, there is specific review of the impact of adolescent depression and suicidal thoughts in relational context of parents and clinicians. Implications for minority adolescent groups and absent parents is addressed. This Capstone Project includes a created video that addresses for counselling clinicians or other youth working professionals, the material in this paper. The goal is to provide foundational ideas for discussion and learning in order to bring about innovative movement towards tri-directional alliance between adolescents, their parent(s) and the clinician
The Retaliatory Trauma Response Model: A New Interpretation for Cycles of Entrenched Reciprocal Violence in Post-Conflict Communities
No full textThe problem of entrenched cycles of retaliatory intergroup violence in reintegrated communities following the cessation of a civil war is a well-observed but poorly understood phenomenon. Retaliatory cycles of violence are characterized by members of an ingroup pre-emptively and disproportionately attacking neutral outgroup members out of a sense of vulnerability and fear in a shared post-conflict environment. Left unaddressed, these cycles of entrenched retaliatory violence destabilize the shared intergroup community space, dramatically impeding longer-term reconciliation efforts and perpetuating experiences of insecurity and uncertainty for the residents. Current counselling approaches used by reconciliation approaches to help soothe the traumas and conclude cycles of retaliatory violence are often marginally effective. A contributing factor to this is due to is how modern reconciliation theory misinterprets the root causes of retaliatory behaviours leading to misdirected therapeutic interventions at incorrect points in the cycle of violence. This misdiagnosis is largely due to the more significant issue of modern reconciliation theory's failure to modernize its understanding of how trauma-based reactions to conflict interfere with cognitive-only theraputic approaches to peacebuilding. This capstone proposes the Retaliatory Trauma Response (RTR) model as a response to these problems. Integrating the latest research in neuropsychology, evolutionary psychology, and intergroup conflict studies, the RTR offers a new way to help frontline counsellors interpret and visualize why and how groups retaliate. Understanding the evolutionary and traumatic roots for why groups pre-emptively retaliate will support front-line counsellors to be better able to redirect and apply a wider skillset to trauma processing and peacebuilding therapies, so that these war-scarred communities can finally live in closer connection to peace and stability
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment Options: Considerations for Embracing an Integrative Approach
Get PDFObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition that lowers the quality of life for those afflicted by causing compulsions to carry out behaviours that can interfere with everyday functioning. This disorder is lifelong for many people and common treatments only typically help manage their behaviours and anxieties. Counselling interventions commonly include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques, primarily exposure and response prevention. However, this treatment does not always lead clients into remission and their overall quality of life may still be poor. This paper provides a review of alternative treatments for OCD in the literature and discusses their efficacy. There are other modalities such as psychodynamic therapy, narrative therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy that have research to back up their effectiveness for OCD, though the common theme from these modalities is that they work well in an integrative model with CBT. The implications of the literature review, in addition to an interview with a clinician that currently practices therapy with OCD clients in an integrative manner, suggest that exposure and response therapy should be involved in treatment, while including other interventions that are advised by the clinician's case conceptualization while building the relationship with the client. If a client's needs are attended to in an intentional manner while working to eliminate compulsive behaviours through exposure and response prevention, better treatment outcomes can be achieved and quality of life can improve