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Examining the Efficacy of Behavioural Interventions Delivered to Violent Offenders Designed to Reduce Recidivism
No full textThis capstone employs a meta-analytic approach to examine current behavioural interventions delivered to violent offenders, specifically cognitive behavioural and dialectical behavioural therapies and examines the subsequent impact on recidivism. The purpose of this study is to provide a contextual understanding for clinicians on the current state of reintegration research so that they can contribute to offender well-being, identify gaps, and make recommendations accordingly. Comparative findings indicate some effectiveness, although several studies lack conclusive evidence that behavioural interventions are effective when working with particularly violent offenders. Finally, ethical issues implicate both the necessity and caution of future research, with the prospect of clinicians and researchers uncovering common factors between treatments and developing best practices in both domains
Lost and Unfound – The Impact of Ambiguous Loss on Secure Attachments
No full textThis paper explored a clinical issue on the topic of ambiguous loss and its impact on secure attachment. This project was conducted to raise awareness about the long-term implications of ambiguous loss on children as there was significant gaps in literature about its impacts. The guiding research question was, "what is the impact of ambiguous loss on youth who have been removed from their primary caregivers?" To gather information key search terms were utilized which then allowed for themes to emerge. The information was then sifted through and all relevant information was included within the thematic analysis and any other information was placed in exclusion criteria. Results found that, if left unaddressed, ambiguous loss can lead to feelings of loneliness, shame, real or perceived abandonment, as well as stigma. The loss can also lead to development of cognitive behavioral concerns such as anxiety, depression, social withdrawal, and long-term grief symptoms. The implications of this research are to enhance compassion and empathy to the effected demographic and to gain a better understanding of the topic of ambiguous loss and its impacts. Recommendations for future research include evaluating the impacts of ambiguous loss cross-culturally as well as at different developmental stages of life
What are the Barriers When Treating Youth with EMDR Who Have Experienced Childhood Physical Abuse?
No full textThis paper examined Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for the treatment of youth who experienced childhood physical abuse. EMDR was primarily reviewed as an independent therapy intervention but was also compared to alternative therapies. Through this, it can be better identified if there are barriers to using EMDR as a trauma therapy on an under-researched demographic as currently, there is extensive research on EMDR and those over eighteen. However, treating trauma during the earlier developmental periods can better assist and aid in the healing process and potentially defer the development of psychopathologies and health concerns later in life. As EMDR has conflicting evidence and understanding as to how it works, furthering the understanding of its effects can provide knowledge and understanding to the clinical field and overall population as to whether it should be more considered as a credible trauma intervention. The author then explored ten quantitative peer-reviewed studies and critically analyzed and contrasted each study at various stages. This information was then compiled and explained to enhance the effects that EMDR has on treating youth with trauma. Conclusions demonstrated that EMDR is an effective standalone treatment and there were no clinically significant results compared to alternative modalities. Thus, no clear-cut barriers were noted to using EMDR with youth who experienced childhood physical abuse
Can Intergenerational Trauma Be Addressed Through Destigimitization Mental Health Among Sikh Males?
No full textThis study explores the complex dynamics of intergenerational trauma and the widespread social stigma associated with mental illness among Sikh men. It reveals the impact of historical occurrences, such as the Anti-Sikh riots and racial discrimination, on the mental health of Sikh men and emphasizes the importance of cultural and religious factors in their coping mechanisms. The study highlights the dynamic nature of mental illness stigmatization and the demand for tailored interventions that consider generational shifts, parenting styles, and evolving societal perspectives. The need for clear and effective communication is paramount, as it can dispel myths, foster understanding, and encourage help-seeking behaviours. Through a literature review, this study identifies gaps in research, urges further empirical study, and reviews strategies to reduce stigma related to mental health in the Sikh male community. It promotes a multifaceted approach to the psychological treatment of intergenerational trauma experienced by this group. Overall, the study sheds light on the complexities of intergenerational trauma and mental illness stigma, paving the way for improved, Sikh-specific mental health care
Behind Bars and Beneath the Surface: Exploring the Shadows of Mental Health in Correctional Institutions
No full textThis capstone project analyzes eight qualitative and quantitative peer-reviewed studies that explore the aspects of incarcerated individuals' experiences and developing mental illness, specifically depression. Mental health challenges and limited access to mental health resources ultimately hinder treatment and rehabilitation. Mental illness is characterized by clinically significant disturbances in an individual's cognition, emotional regulation, behavior, or a combination of these factors. It is typically associated with distress, trauma, and impairment in vital areas of functioning. In this capstone project, I break down barriers and stigmatization by embracing restorative justice, promoting mental health awareness, and implementing enriched, amended prison reform. This fosters meaningful connections among incarcerated and formerly incarcerated individuals, correctional administration, and society. While effective, evidence-based treatment exists, there are many barriers these individuals face from referral to treatment. This paper reviews the existing literature while examining, comparing, and contrasting restorative justice frameworks and presents findings highlighting the diminution of mental health, specifically depression, in prisons. In this capstone project, I make recommendations that therapists reflect on and enhance their roles and duties within the multi-disciplinary systems that support incarcerated individuals with mental illness. Furthermore, the insights gained from this capstone may inform further knowledge for therapists regarding incarceration and depression
Coping Mechanisms of 9-1-1 Police Dispatchers
No full textFrequently, 9-1-1 police dispatchers are accountable for the gathering and distribution of emergency information to police, fire, and medical units before they arrive. Turnover, understaffing, and low staff retention are national concerns in 9-1-1 emergency dispatch centers. This qualitative phenomenology study discovered how long-term 9-1-1 police dispatchers prevent and/or recover from burnout. The researcher applied cognitive appraisal theory to see how some individuals adjusted, adapted, and coped with presenting environmental stressors and/or conditions. Individual interviews served as the data source. Participants were selected through purposive sampling from two similar police departments in Arizona and California. The qualitative phenomenology research design assisted in exploring the influence coping mechanisms can have to sustain this type of career. Content analysis was used to code and discover emergent themes from individual interviews. As 9-1-1 dispatch centers nationwide face high turnover and low retention, this study contributes insights into coping mechanisms. Finding out how long-term 9-1-1 police dispatchers use coping mechanisms provides resources to new 9-1-1 police dispatchers to reduce turnover/or recover from burnout. Key findings included that 9-1-1 police dispatchers experience stressors similar to other emergency service personnel with additional stressors present, including processing calls for service, environment, staffing, not knowing the closure of calls, lack of management, and dealing with traumatic events. This study influences social change in providing perceptions of stressors faced by dispatchers and the ways they cope with these stressors to reduce burnout and turnover