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Keith Pickett Interview
Get PDFThis interview with Keith Pickett was conducted by Chandler Smith on July 8, 2025. Interview transcribed by Sabrina Caston. Keith worked at LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans from 2002-2008.https://digitalscholar.lsuhsc.edu/oral_hist/1006/thumbnail.jp
The multifunctional ascorbate peroxidase MoApx1 secreted by Magnaporthe oryzae mediates the suppression of rice immunity
Get PDFFungi secrete effector proteins, including extracellular redox enzymes, to inhibit host immunity. Redox enzymes have been hypothesized to inhibit host reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, how they suppress host immunity remains unknown. We characterized an extracellular ascorbate peroxidase (MoApx1) that is secreted into rice chloroplasts by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. MoApx1 displays multifunctional capabilities that significantly contribute to fungal virulence. Firstly, MoApx1 neutralizes host-derived H2O2 within the chloroplast through its peroxidase activity, thereby inhibiting chloroplast ROS (cROS)-mediated defense responses. Secondly, MoApx1 targets the photosystem I subunit OsPsaD, disrupting photosynthetic electron transport to further suppress cROS production. Most importantly, MoApx1 has evolved a fungal-specific starch-binding domain that binds host starch, inhibiting its degradation and disrupting the energy supply required for host resistance. Our findings underscore the importance of a novel multifaceted strategy, potentially widely employed by other fungal pathogens, in suppressing host immunity during host–microbe interactions
Higher Reoperation Rates in Planned, Staged Treatment of Open Fractures Compared with Fix-and-Close: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
No full textBACKGROUND: Initial surgical management of Gustilo-Anderson type-I to IIIA open fractures varies from surgical fixation of the fracture with immediate closure of the traumatic wound to various combinations of staged fracture and wound management. The decision to choose staged management has historically been based on wound contamination and the severity of the open fracture. The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of surgical site infection (SSI), wound complication, nonunion, and 1-year reoperation between patients with type-I to IIIA open fractures who underwent fix-and-close treatment and those who underwent planned, staged treatment. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of participants who were enrolled in the Aqueous-PREP and PREPARE-Open studies, excluding those with type-IIIB and IIIC open fractures. Participants were divided into fix-and-close or planned, staged groups and were matched using propensity scores that were computed with multiple variables, including patient and injury characteristics. Associations between treatment type and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 3,170 participants (staged, 872: 70% White, 20% Black, and 10% other or unknown race; fix-and-close, 2,298: 62% White, 21% Black, and 17% other) with Gustilo-Anderson type-I to IIIA open fractures were identified. Eight hundred and thirty-six participants who underwent planned, staged treatment were propensity score-matched to 836 participants who underwent fix-and-close treatment. Staged treatment was significantly associated with increased odds of deep SSI within 90 days (odds ratio [OR], 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15 to 3.47]; p = 0.01) and reoperation specifically for infection within 1 year (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.06 to 2.04]; p = 0.02) but was not associated with increased odds of wound dehiscence (OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.49 to 1.49]; p = 0.57), wound necrosis or failure of the wound to heal (OR, 1.37 [95% CI, 0.83 to 2.25]; p = 0.21), reoperation requiring any free or local flap coverage (OR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.55 to 1.68]; p = 0.89), or reoperation for delayed union or nonunion (OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.83]; p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: Fix-and-close treatment of open fractures of type IIIA and lower was associated with decreased odds of deep SSI within 90 days and reoperation for infection within 1 year without an increased risk of wound complications or nonunion and may be considered even in fractures with embedded contamination provided that adequate debridement is performed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence
Hurricane Katrina Archive: Libraries Catalog Bibliography
Get PDFThis bibliography includes 15 books, videos, and edited collections created on the topic of Hurricane Katrina by authors and others affiliated with LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans between September 2005 and August 2025.https://digitalscholar.lsuhsc.edu/biblio/1004/thumbnail.jp
Does Bispectral Index Monitoring Belong in the Intensive Care Unit Setting? A Narrative Review of Evidence
No full textBackground: Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring was introduced in the 1990s to assess the depth of sedation in operating rooms. It is a valuable tool that requires sensor placement on the patient’s forehead, setup of the monitor, and subsequent monitoring by a trained health care professional. In recent years, registered nurses have used BIS monitoring in critical care units to assess patient sedation levels. Compared with its use in the operating room, there is limited research on BIS monitoring in critical care settings. More research is needed to validate the safety and effectiveness of BIS monitoring in critical care units. Objective: Using a narrative review research design, the authors analyzed the current literature investigating the application of BIS monitoring by registered nurses in critical care settings. The study aimed to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the application of BIS monitoring in critical care units and identify gaps in the current literature. Methods: A narrative review research design was used, yielding 244 articles following the initial keyword search. Two reviewers independently reviewed the relevant titles and abstracts to determine which articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Further analysis yielded 10 articles for further review. Results: An evidence table was organized, including 10 articles. The source details, findings, and evidence ranking using the Oxford Level of Evidence Scale were described for each article. The evidence synthesis of published research studies revealed 3 themes. First, when used as an adjunct to Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale, BIS can reliably identify deep sedation in intubated, sedated, and critically ill patients. Second, current research suggests that the integration of BIS monitoring in critical care settings is associated with decreased medication use and lower costs. Third, BIS monitoring use is linked to a reduction in medical complications such as respiratory depression, aspiration, delirium, and prolonged critical care stays arising from oversedation. Discussion: The current literature supports the incorporation of BIS monitoring into the sedation monitoring and assessments of adult critical care patients. Registered nurses can competently use BIS monitoring in the intensive care unit with proper training and education. Key advantages of BIS monitoring include the accurate measurement of patient sedation, reduced sedation medication use, lower health care costs, and a decrease in patient complications related to oversedation. Future studies using experimental designs and systematic reviews are recommended to measure the benefits of BIS monitoring and assess the impact of its use, thereby further supporting its application in critical care units. Conclusion: The findings suggest that integrating BIS monitoring in critical care units may benefit patient outcomes by improving reliable sedation assessments. Future research using experimental designs is needed to enhance the generalizability of the findings
Understanding and predicting flossing behavior in a rural Appalachian community using the multi-theory model
Get PDFEffective flossing is essential for preventing periodontal disease. However, in a rural Appalachian community, adherence to flossing routines remains low, contributing to significant oral health disparities. The purpose of this study was to conceptualize intention of initiation and sustenance of flossing behaviors using the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change. A cross-sectional survey was administered to individuals recruited from a shopping mall in rural Appalachia. The MTM constructs were measured and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Of the 228 participants, 55% did not floss daily. Behavioral confidence (β = 0.571, p \u3c 0.001) was a significant predictor for the intention of initiation of flossing among non-daily flossers, while emotional transformation (β = 0.377, p = 0.836) significantly explained sustenance among non-daily flossers. For daily flossers, changes in the physical environment (β = 0.432, p = 0.003) significantly predicted the intention of initiation of flossing, whereas emotional transformation (β = 0.344, p = 0.008) and practice for change (β = 0.594, p \u3c 0.001) significantly predicted sustenance of flossing behavior. The MTM appears to be a robust framework for understanding and predicting flossing behaviors in rural Appalachian populations. Interventions designed to enhance behavioral confidence, physical environment changes, emotional transformation, and practice for change could improve flossing adherence. Further research should explore these constructs to develop targeted public health strategies
