International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences
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EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND HYPOGLYCEMIC POTENTIAL OF ISODON ROGOSUS LINN
No full textBackground: In traditional medicine, Isodon rugosus is used to treat various ailments, including diabetes. Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical composition and investigate I. rugosus\u27s anti-diabetic activity. Methodology: Phytochemical testing was conducted to find chemical constituents of I. rugosus, as it has been reported to contain various phytochemicals. To perform in-vivo anti-diabetic activity, diabetes was induced in adult healthy male albino rats after a single injection of streptozocin (60 mg/kg i.p). Results: Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of I. rugosus revealed the presence of carbohydrates, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which may contribute to its anti-diabetic activity. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that I. rugosus significantly reduced serum glucose levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with the highest reduction observed at 300 mg/kg after 120 minutes. In the acute hypoglycemic study, I. rugosus also effectively lowered blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats, with the maximum reduction (201 ± 9.21 mg/dL) achieved at the highest dose (300 mg/kg) after 120 minutes. The chronic study demonstrated a substantial decline in blood glucose levels after 14 days of treatment, with the highest dose (300 mg/kg) reducing levels to 160.66 ± 53.17 mg/dL on day 14. Furthermore, I. rugosus normalized LFTs, including ALT, AST, and ALP levels, after 21 days. Histopathological analysis of STZ-induced pancreatic damage showed normal overall pancreatic morphology in rats treated with I. rogosus. Conclusion: In diabetic-treated rats, the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes were restored to normal levels following treatment with I. rugosus. These findings suggest that I. rugosus holds potential for the development of anti-diabetic drugs
EFFECTS OF DATE PALM POLLEN EXTRACT (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN RATS
No full textBackground: Plant materials represent a significant source in traditional medical practices for treating many disorders. However, many pharmacological studies have provided the basis for their therapeutic potential. Objectives: This work aimed to assess the effects of the methanolic extract of date palm pollen on some fertility parameters in rats. Methodology: Experiments were performed using conventional methods for extraction of plant material (by methanolic maceration) and for fertility testing in rats. Twenty sexually mature rats were tested in the current study (10 males and 10 female rats) for 28 days. The animals were allocated to control and test groups of males and females (5 animals/group). The control groups of males and females were administered with distilled water, whereas the test groups received daily oral doses of the plant extract at 250 mg/kg. Results: The animals were sacrificed at the end of the study to determine the fertility parameters. The results showed that the plant material exhibited an estrogenic property, as evidenced by the significant elevation of estradiol serum levels in both sexes. Moreover, epididymal sperm count showed a significant elevation in the test group of male animals compared to the control group of male animals. Conclusion: These findings could support and validate the ethnomedicinal uses of the plant material in treating some male fertility disorders and could provide a candidate source for drug development
SWISS ADME ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS OF CITRUS AURANTIUM
No full textBackground: Citrus aurantium, a well-known medicinal plant, has demonstrated a variety of therapeutic benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. Citrus aurantium is abundant in alkaloids and bioactive flavonoids that have been shown to have therapeutic benefits. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the 31 phytochemicals from the Citrus aurantium for pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness profiles. Methodology: SwissADME (Swiss Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) was employed to assess various physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds, including lipophilicity, blood-brain barrier permeability, water solubility, as well as potential structural issues flagged by PAINS (Pan-Assay Interference Compounds) and Brenk\u27s alerts. Results: Swiss ADME analysis concludes that kaempferol, apigenin, and naringenin, in particular, show good oral bioavailability, high gastrointestinal absorption, and adherence to important drug-likeness criteria. Conversely, naringin and hesperidin showed several rule violations and poor absorption. About 27% of the compounds could pass through the blood-brain barrier, while 73% of them had high GI absorption. Additionally, a lot of them were easily produced due to their minimal synthetic complexity. There were a few structural alarms among the leading applicants. Conclusion: These results imply that Citrus aurantium has attractive lead chemicals for the creation of new drugs. Nevertheless, additional experimental research is required to confirm their therapeutic potential, safety, and effectiveness
EDITORIAL THE PRISMA 2020 STATEMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDELINE FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW-BASED PERSPECTIVES
No full textThe PRISMA 2020 statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) represents a major revision of the earlier 2009 guideline, with the explicit goal of strengthening completeness, transparency, and consistency in the reporting of systematic reviews. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become indispensable in modern health sciences, enabling researchers and policymakers to synthesize large volumes of primary studies into clear, evidence-based conclusions. They underpin clinical guidelines, inform health policy, and guide future research. Yet their value depends on the clarity, completeness, and transparency of their reporting. Historically, many published reviews have suffered from incomplete or ambiguous descriptions of search strategies, inclusion criteria, study selection processes, and synthesis methods. Such omissions make it difficult for readers to appraise the review’s credibility, replicate its findings, or update it in light of new evidence. Recognizing these shortcomings, the scientific community has developed structured reporting guidelines—most notably the PRISMA statement, first introduced in 2009 (1-3).
In March 2021, PRISMA was updated to PRISMA 2020, incorporating advances in methodology, technology, and terminology that have emerged over the past decade. This editorial outlines the rationale, core components, and implications of PRISMA 2020, and formally endorses its adoption for systematic review and meta-analysis submissions to our journal, the International Journal of Pharmacy and Integrated Health Sciences (IJPIHS). The release of PRISMA 2020 also marks a moment of transition within the field. At the same time, the revision highlights the emergence of a new generation of international leaders who now take up the responsibility of advancing and refining the standards for systematic review reporting (4,5)
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF THYMOQUINONE IN AMELIORATING THE ACQUISITION AND EXPRESSION OF VINCRISTINE INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE
No full textBackground: Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIPN) is the most severe consequence, causing both sensory and motor impairment with an incidence of between 19% and over 85%. Leukaemia, lymphoma, and sarcoma are just a few of the cancers that are treated using vincristine (VCR), a typical anticancer treatment used in chemotherapy. Peripheral neuropathy caused by vincristine is the primary impediment to the efficacy of ongoing anti-cancer treatment and continued use. Objectives: The current study\u27s goal was to contemplate the significance of thymoquinone on the development and expression of vincristine-induced neuropathy. Methodology: All groups except normal saline were administered vincristine 0.1mg/kg i.p for 14 days. In selected groups Gabapentin (75mg/kg) and thymoquinone were administered at 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg/day for 14 days orally along with vincristine (acquisition) and once at day 14 (expression). Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were quantified on days 1, 6, and 14 after 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The data were processed using the Students’t-test and post hoc Dunnett\u27s test. Results: The acquisition and expression of thermal hyperalgesia as well as mechanical allodynia was significantly improved by thymoquinone at all the tested doses at days 6 and 14 as well as after 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes significant improvement was observed. Conclusion: It is manifested that TQ can be an impending candidate for the management of vincristine-induced neuropathy
ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF IRON DEFICIENCY AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN
No full textIntroduction: Iron deficiency (ID) is a common problem in pregnant women. The primary drivers of anemia in pregnancy are ID, aplastic anemia, a lack of vitamin B12, and vitamin B9. ID is the most widely recognized and can lead to unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Both ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are normal clinical illnesses in pregnant women. Anemia can cause a compromised immune system during pregnancy, leading to negative outcomes including premature birth and premature rupture of membranes. Objective: The objectives of this research are to determine the severity of ID among pregnant women and to check the associated risk factors for ID. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study in government hospitals in Lahore. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Simple random sampling techniques are used, and SPSS is used for data analysis. Results: According to this study, the prevalence of IDA is high. Out of 385 women, 96 are normal, 102 are mild, 129 are moderate, and 58 are anemic. All associated risk factors—level of education, trimester, gravidity, family planning, and animal source food values—were significantly positive. Conclusion: The iron deficiency anemia (IDA) prevalence is high, and risk factors are high among pregnant women: living in rural areas, high gravidity, no family planning, and poor food from animal sources
COMPARISON OF DIETARY INTAKE WITH USDA MY PLATE GUIDELINES IN IN-PATIENTS SETUP AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF LAHORE
No full textBackground: Poor dietary habits are linked to various risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. However, by making healthier nutritional choices, individuals can address these modifiable factors and significantly improve their overall health and well-being both now and in the future. Objectives: This study aimed to determine dietary intake among hospitalized patients and compare them with the standard dietary guidelines listed in USDA MyPlate. Methodology: The study sample was drawn using a simple random non-probability sampling technique. The 24-hour dietary recall method was implemented to find out the daily intake of food groups per day servings among the studied population. An independent sampling t-test with approximate standard deviation and p-value was performed to get the means of food groups. These mean intakes of food groups were compared according to standard guidelines by USDA MyPlate. Results: Hospital-related parameters have depicted that from total (n = 48) participants, 12.5% (n = 6) were underweight, 45.8% (n = 22) were normal, 37.5% (n = 18) were overweight and 4.2% (n = 2) were obese individuals. The average daily intake of protein servings was 1.66 for pediatric subjects. In comparison, the mean intake in the gynaecology, nephrology, cardiology, neurology, gastroenterology, medical unit, and ENT wards was 3.33, 1.33, 2.33, 3.00, 0.16, 0.50, and 0.00 servings, respectively, compared to the recommended 4.00 to 5.50 servings of protein. Conclusion: In conclusion, the intake of food groups was lowest for vegetables, followed by dairy products, fruit, and protein, and highest for grains when compared to USDA MyPlate
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NEW RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND DACLATASVIR
No full textBackground: Sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DCV) are usually prescribed in combination for the treatment of hepatitis C worldwide. Objectives: In the present study a novel, simple, rapid, and cost-effective reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed, optimised, and validated for simultaneous analysis of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in human plasma as well as in solid dosage forms. Methodology: The chromatographic analyses were carried out using Shimadzu HPLC gradient system (LC20), while the other HPLC system used for the peak purity and repeated validation studies was Agilent 1260 Infinity fitted with diode array detector. The column used was C18 (150 × 4.6 mm; 5 µm), from Agela Technologies. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.02 M potassium Hexafluorophosphate buffer (42:58, v/v) at pH 2.7, pumped at the rate of 1.3 mL min−1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined using dilution method (RSD/m formula). Results: SOF and DCV combination therapy is significant for the treatment of hepatitis C. Development of this RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination and quantification of SOF and DCV is a part of an extensive project of novel formulation development (fixed dose combination tablets of SOF and DCV). This method is successfully applied for raw materials as well as in combination tablets. This method may also be applied for the quantification of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in blood samples of patients taking these two antivirals for hepatitis C treatment. Conclusion: The optimized method was successfully applied for the determination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in single run without any interference. Hence, the developed method is quite appropriate for the simultaneous determination of SOF and DCV in solid dosage form as well as in human plasma for clinical research studies
SOCIOECONOMIC AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ANTIBIOTICS NON-ADHERENCE
No full textBackground: Antibiotics therapy is the crucial treatment plan employed in community settings. Antibiotics effectiveness and population adherence are key causes of the efficacy of antibiotics therapy. Objectives: In this study, we pursue to explore the factors that affect patients adherence to antibiotics therapy to enhance the population adherence and to create awareness among the community related to antibiotics non-adherence. Methodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted among the university students having age range 18-40 years who had use antibiotics in the previous 6 months, data analyses were performed using SPSS version 16 by applying descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation function. Results: A total of 203 respondents participated in the survey, among them 184 participants provided complete data and were included in the study. Up to 96.7% of participants showed non-adherence to antibiotics regimen, (total adherence score <8), whereas 3.3% of participants showed good adherence, (total adherence score ≥8). Discontinuation of antibiotics due to fear of adverse effects and lack of basic knowledge about antibiotics were the important factors associated with antibiotics non-adherence. Conclusion: A range of factors was linked with non-adherence to antibiotics therapy including discontinuing treatment once the symptoms improve, changing antibiotic due to ineffectiveness, difficulty in taking prescribed dose, non-availability of pharmacy and busy work schedule
ADVANCEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER\u27S DISEASE, 2023
No full textBackground: Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid β deposition and intercellular neurofibrillary tangles. AD is a complex disease with a strong genetic component, and it is classified into three phases by the Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA): pre-pathology, plaque formation, and neural destruction. A number of therapeutic agents have been developed to reduce AD pathology and improve cognition. Objectives: The objective of this paper was to review recent advancements in AD treatment and cure. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using the keywords "therapeutic developments for AD" and "natural products as a drug for AD." Publications related to AD were retrieved, and the NCBI Clinical trial database was also searched to check drug status. Results: Monoclonal antibodies against amyloid β plaques, tau protein, and microtubule-associated protein have shown positive results in animal models, but they have failed in clinical trials. This is likely due to the fact that these antibodies are designed to target specific proteins that are not always present in the human brain. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this review, it is suggested that medicines based on natural extracts and combination therapy would be least toxic and more effective than single therapy. This is because combination therapy targets multiple pathways involved in AD pathogenesis. There is also a dire need to initiate AD research in Pakistan and facilitate the Pakistani community in early diagnosis and cure