International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences
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EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL ACTIVITY OF ECLIPTA ALBA
No full textBackground: Considering the ethnomedicinal magnitude regarding the plant, it was once concerning hobby in conformity with review the ethnopharmacological reports on the inter or selective phytoconstituents through data base searches.Objectives: Undertaken study aims at investigating knowledge, attitude and practices of the Natural Herb to evaluate its properties in contrast to Human Disease
Methodology: Information for the current examination was taken from recently distributed work and to guarantee the believability just recorded exploration and audit articles were utilized. The information bases were incorporated: Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MEDLINE.
Results: There are promising results of the natural herb elcipta alba including hepatoprotective, Anti Hyperlipidemia Anti Inflammatory and anti-oxidant Properties.
Conclusion: The focus of the current study is on the latest Pharmacognostic evidence-base knowledge, Profile of the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of the Eclipta alba. It is inferred that the divine there are many useful active pharmacological herbs
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF RED RASPBERRY FRUIT EXTRACT O/W COSMETIC EMULGEL: Rizwana Kausar, Naveed Akhtar, Rashida Parveen
No full textBackground and objective: The object of this study was to develop a stable O/W (oil-in-water) cosmetic emulgel of red raspberry fruit extract and its in vitro evaluation.Methodology: A base with no plant extract and a formulation with 4% extract of red raspberry were prepared and kept at different storage conditions in stability chambers i.e., 8, 25, and 40 °C, and 40 °C ±75% RH for a period of 12 weeks. Stability parameters i.e. color, phase separation, liquefaction, pH and electrical conductivity tests were performed at interval of 0, 24, 48, 72h and 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days.Results: The results showed that there were unchanged organoleptic properties in terms of appearance, color and odor, unchanged properties after centrifugation and phase separation, and in terms of electrical conductivity and liquefaction. Significant change in pH of base and active formulation were observed with the passage of time.Conclusion: As a conclusion of this work a stable topical formulation of O/W emulgel carrying red raspberry fruit extract can be formulated and can be used for cosmetic purposes
PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND ITS IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF PRE AND POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
No full textBackground: Globally, osteoporosis is one of the major health concerns as there is a drastic increase in incident of osteoporotic related fractures. It is a silent bone disease which is characterized by a progressive decrease in bone mass and density(2). In Pakistan, occurrence of osteoporosis is quite common among females and negatively affects patient’s quality of life.(6)
Aims and Objectives: The aim of current study is to associate the osteoporosis prevalence in both pre and post menopause, and also to evaluate quality of life and its awareness.
Methodology: A survey based study was conducted and data was collected from patients by using a questionnaireand analyzed by the application of statistics.
Results: The results of current study have revealed that incidence of osteoporosis is greater in post menopausal women as compared to pre menopausal women. High occurrence of disease in post menopausal is due to a direct relationship between levels of estrogen and osteoporosis. In post menopausal women decrease level of estrogen enhances bone reabsorption which causes increase bone fragility. Hence, all the post menopausal women should be evaluated for osteoporosis.
Conclusion: Lack of understanding about disease, imbalance diet, poor treatment and diagnosis increase the risk for developing osteoporosis. Furthermore severe pain, deprive of sleep and inability to do work also adds to the demotion in patient’s quality of life. So in order to reduce incidence rate and for the betterment in quality of patient’s life having osteoporosis, it is necessary to promote awareness, modification in life style, patient counseling, accessibility to treatment and prior diagnosis of diseas
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ARMORACIA RUSTICANA
No full textBackground: Medicinal plants have been commonly used for the treatments of various ailments since pre – historic times. They are cheap and easily available with minimum toxic effects which make them more convenient to use.
Objective: This study provides a deep insight to Armoracia rusticana, commonly known as Horseradish, highlighting its medicinal and botanical importance.
Methodology: A total of 50 published research articles were thoroughly studied and data was fetched and formulated accordingly.
Results: Armoracia rusticana is a perennial and annual crop. Its roots and leaves are used as medicaments. Horseradish extracts are obtained by hot and cold extraction techniques. Phytochemical analysis is followed by Spectroscopy and chromatography for structure analysis and isolation of therapeutic active compounds. Its phytoconstituents include essential oils, sinigrin, sinigrin derived allyl isothiocyanate and diallylsulphide, vitamin C, glucosinolates and many other compounds. The pungent aroma of Armoracia rusticana is attributed to allyl isothiocyanate. Another reported medicinal compound is Glucosinolate. These are sulfur containing compounds employed in the prevention of serious illnesses including cancer.
Conclusion: The plant as a whole has wide therapeutic applications including anti – bacterial, anti – oxidant and anti – inflammatory action. Therefore it can be used as a basis for further research on its medicinally active constituents and properties
Knowledge and Practices of contraceptives in married women population; A cross sectional survey from Lahore, Pakistan: Ali Hassan Gillani, Waqar Hussain, Zaheer Furakh, Sharjeel Ahmed, Jamshaid Akbar
No full textBackground: About one third of all pregnancies are unplanned and 20% of all pregnancies end n abortion and to cope with this problem nearly all general practitioners provide contraceptive advice. Objectives: A cross sectional study was conducted in the OPD of Gynae and Obstreitics unit of Shama hospital, Government hospital Kot Khawaja Saeed, Ganga Ram , Rasheed latifand Farooq hospital from December 2017-March 2018 to determine the knowledge and practice of contraceptive utilization in married women of Lahore.
Method: This study was carried out among 308 married women between the ages 17-50 years by administering a well-developed and validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.
Results: Study results showed about 85% of participants have knowledge about contraceptives and 19.1% were aware about the ADR’S of contraceptives. The main source of information identified was health care providers (62.2%) and television (37.4%). The most commonly used contraceptives were oral contraceptive pills 36.1%, followed by condoms, injectable, IUD’s and barrier method. Known uses of contraceptives were 41.5% and the major reason for known use were prohibition by religion (23.8%) followed by lack of knowledge, economic problems and other reasons such as opposed by family members.
Conclusion: The study shows low use of contraceptives despite high level of awareness. It highlights the need to motivate people for effective and appropriate use of contraceptives and to avoid the unwanted pregnancies and abortions
Evaluation of Functionality of P&TC and Availability of Hospital Formulary in various Hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan: Iqra Javed, Hina Rafique, Ayesha Hameed, Tuba Ghulam Rasool, Sana Akhtar, Sajjad Ullah, Allah bukhsh
No full textObjectives: To evaluate the functionality of P&TC and availability of hospital formulary in different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan.
Methodology: This study was conducted in 19 hospitals (public/private-secondary and tertiary care) of Lahore, by a designed Questionnaire Performa regarding the availability and functionality of hospital formulary. Data was entered in Excel sheet and analyzed for statistical analysis.
Results: During our studies, it was observed that 16(84.2%) hospitals were responsive to give information and 3(15.8%) hospitals refused to give us data. Pharmacy and therapeutics committee was present in 10(52.6%) hospitals and in 6(31.6%) hospitals there was no existence of P&TC. Hospital formulary was available in 10(52.6%) hospitals and in 2(10.5%) drug list was present and in 7(36.8%) hospitals there was neither hospital formulary nor drug list was present. In 9(47.4%) hospitals hospital formulary was in use and in 7 (36.8%) hospitals there was no usage of hospital formulary.
Conclusion: It was observed during our study that P&TC seems to have an impact on quality of medicines use but very few hospitals are following the International Guidelines on the pharmacy and therapeutic Committee and theformulary system due to inadequate number of pharmacist and lack of knowledge. Strong leadership and adequate resources might deliver more effective P&TC with marked effect on health practices, thus most importantly to enhanced patient outcomes
HOW TO COPE WITH COVID-19: GLOBAL HEALTH AND ECONOMIC CRISIS
No full textIn December 2019, the first coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was reported in Wuhan City, Hubei, China, and spread like wildfire, in a matter of days, throughout the globe. The COVID-19 common signs include pneumonia-like symptoms (shortness of breath, chest pain) along with fever and dry cough, which are closely associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 pandemic, like the Spanish and Swine flu, is a global health crisis concerning morbidity, mortality, and health emergency (1).The contagious and infectious nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has converted this health catastrophe into a global economic crisis as well. This is because underdeveloped countries have limited resources to provide healthcare facilities to the entire affected population. Thus, breaking the chain of COVID-19 spread via lockdown (along with timely testing, quarantine, and social distancing) is the best option to control the pandemic (2). A lockdown is one of the ways to prevent the chain of COVID-19 transmission. However, it may not be a feasible option, especially for countries like Pakistan, where it serves as it puts further pressure on the already struggling economy
DRUG UTILIZATION REVIEW OF FLUOROQUINOLONES ANTIBIOTICS BY USING PRESCRIBING INDICATORS & COMPARISON OF DEFINE DAILY DOSE & PRESCRIBED DAILY DOSE IN OUTPATIENTS: Waqar Hussain, Zaheer Furakh, Hafiz Javed Mansoor, Abdul Islam, Imran Amjad, Sharjeel Ahmad
No full textBackground: The increase in antibiotic resistance is new developing threat to healthcare system. Irrational drug use, polypharmacy and the current epidemic of bacterial resistance is attributed to the increase in use of antibiotics. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the difference between defined daily dose and prescribed daily dose of fluoroquinolones antibiotics.
Methodology: Quantitative observational, retrospective study was carried out to measure the use of antibiotics, specifically Fluoroquinolones at northern region of Punjab, Nowshera Virkan, Tehsil of Gujranwala District, Pakistan. Total 300 patients were enrolled in this study. Data were collected from the patients of all age from either sex, by prescription review. Data included the drug name, strength and quantity.
Results: 300 prescriptions were reviewed to evaluate the prescription pattern of fluoroquinolones in outpatients. Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.5. Out of 300 prescriptions maximum number of drugs per prescription was 8 in only one prescription and minimum one drug was prescribed in 28(9.3) prescriptions. The number of prescriptions that contains the drugs without generic were 71(23.7) and which contains one drug with generic were 203(67.7). Encounter with antibiotic prescribed were 79.3%. Encounter with injection prescribed was 5.3%. All drugs were prescribed from Essential drug list (EDL). Ciprofloxacin was the most commonly prescribed followed by Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin. Defined daily dose and prescribed daily dose of Ciprofloxacin were same (1) but the prescribed daily dose of levofloxacin (0.5) was higher than the Defined Daily Dose (1).
Conclusion: Irrational use of drugs, polypharmacy, over prescribing of antibiotics and brand prescribing were observed during the study. Lack of knowledge and nonadherence to the prescribing indicators are the major factors that contribute towards the irrational drug prescribing that ultimately lead towards the antibiotic resistance
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS TOWARDS ADR REPORTING IN ABBOTTABAD PAKISTAN: Deeba Bashir, Mehreen Khan Jadoon, Sadaf Imtiaz Abbasi, Saman Kaleem, Shumaila Bibi, Muhammad Junaid Hassan Sharif
No full textBackground: Healthcare professionals can play an important role in reporting adverse drug reactions as it is a global health problem and required to be addressed.
Objectives: This study’s objective was to assess the knowledge, barriers and encouraging factors for healthcare professionals towards ADR reportage.
Methodology: Prospective cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using spss 16 (statistical package for social sciences) data was analyzed.
Results: The questionnaires were distributed to 125 participants. ADR reporting form is very essential for the reporting of ADRs. Unfortunately in our healthcare setups, no such reporting forms are available because of lack of ADR reporting system. Healthcare system members should be held responsible for the reporting of ADRs as 43.2% believe they have an obligation to do so.
Conclusion: The inadequacies in the act of ADR reportage could not be really settled provided that the prescribers are approachable of the significance of revealing. Enlarging the reportage base by extending it to medical caretakers, drug specialists, and other medical care experts would likewise assist
PHYTOCHEMICAL, FLUORESCENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF POLY HERBAL EXTRACT: Rizwana Manzoor, Usman Muneer, Tayaba saher, Asif Wazir, Adeel Usman, Faheem Ahmad Siddique, Talal Shaheer
No full textBackground and Objectives: Natural products and traditional medicines are of great importance. Such forms of medicine as traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, Kampo, traditional Korean medicine, and Unani havebeen practiced in some areas of the world and have blossomed into orderly-regulated systems of medicine. Allium sativum L., crude drug (Liliaceae) used as herbal medicine to treat hyperglycemia, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stress and infections. Malus domestica B., fruit (Rosaceae) possess antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity and used for the treatment and prevention of asthma, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Capsicum annum L., crude drug (Solanaceae) is used as anti-diabetic, anti cancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial agent. Foeniculum vulgare M., crude drug (Apiaceae) is used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, bronchodilatory, estrogenic, diuretic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective and hypotensive agent. Curcuma longa L., crude drug (Zingiberaceae) is used various biological actions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antifertility, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, antiulcer and antimicrobial.
Methodology: In the current study these five medicinal plants were purchased, authenticated and extracted by method of maceration. In this research work phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis, antimicrobial (disc diffusion method) for both antibacterial (gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus lutes and gram-negative bacteria such as Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli) and antifungal (Candida albican, and Aspergillus flavus), activity was performed in comparison with ciprofloxacin (standard disc for bacteria) and nystatin (standard disc for fungus).
Results: Phytochemical evaluation indicates the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenol, resin and saponins. The poly herbal extract is moderately effective against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus lutes), active against gram negative bacteria (Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli) and is less susceptible against Bacillus subtilis. It is active against Aspergillus flavus and Candida albican.
Conclusion: The medicinal plants are effective to provide defense against microorganisms