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Integral Design of an Agrivoltaics Research System in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Full text linkThis study aims to derive conceptual agrivoltaic (AV) designs for the first AV research pilot in Minas Gerais Brazil by applying a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) based evaluation method. A selected AV design is assessed regarding its shading characteristics in various scenarios using raytracing algorithms in Python based on the Solstice software. The proposed Elevated AV system demonstrates the best performance respecting the project specific objectives. For the respective design we vary row distances in three scenarios, enabling regression analysis to relate the annual average shading rate to the row pitch. The analysis reveals that for a 30% shading rate, a 3.2 m row distance is required, which is finally recommended to respect the rather sun-loving crop types. Through a border effect analysis, we conclude the necessity of implementing a total AV pilot area of approximately 700 m² to conduct agricultural experiments on 300 m² without edge effects. In general, we highlight the importance of precise AV system design for optimizing agricultural and photovoltaic (PV) performance
Price Differences Between Organic and Conventional Products in E-Commerce
Full text linkThe global market for organic foods is expanding, with consumers willing to pay more for their perceived health and sustainability benefits. However, expressing willingness to pay does not guarantee that sellers can charge a price premium for organic products and pass it along the supply chain. Empirical evidence on the extent to which sellers can set a price premium for organic products is fragmented, especially for e-commerce. This paper uses big data on online prices to provide first insights into the relationship between the product price and the organic attribute across the entire food and beverages variety of the largest full assort-ment of e-grocers in Germany, the world’s second-largest organic market. Our findings show that, on average, organic products are about 5% more expensive than conventional products in the same product category, although the individual estimates vary widely, calling for more data collection efforts and in-depth research for individual products categories
FAIR Digital Objects for Seamless Research Data Management for Researchers and Higher Education Institutions
Full text linkSeamless Research Data Management for Researchers aims to cover a complete scientific workflow from planning a research project to registration and publication of results in repositories by connecting existing components, services, and tools using FDOs. This approach combines widely used components, so large data volumes can increasingly be FAIRified automatically. Machine-actionable Data Management Plans (maDMP) that comprehensively document the respective research project in a machine-actionable format form the entry point. The familiar Galaxy environment, which already enables RO-Crate implementation, forms the backbone to incorporate a growing number of services and tools. Galaxy orchestrates and executes the workflow components resulting from maDMPs and data analysis. The research results and comprehensive documentation become published in a repository of the researchers\u27 choice (e.g., Zenodo). From there, the research results can be integrated into a knowledge graph (e.g., ORKG)
A Primer for FDO Profile Creation Based on Early Experience
Full text linkThis paper summarizes the contents of a lightning talk at the FDO Summit 2024 about the creation of a FDO Profile for the kernel attributes in a PID record. It describes the early experience that DiSSCo had with creating FDO Profiles for Digital Specimens and related digital objects. The Digital Specimen FDOs act as a digital surrogate for specimens held in natural science collections. The work done in DiSSCo resulted in a set of 13 core attributes used for all FDO Types in DiSSCo, complemented with additional domain specific attributes. These core attributes and reasons for deviation with the RDA PID Kernel recommendation are presented in the lightning talk.
Enhancing FAIR Data Practices in the Norwegian Research Data Archive: Towards Research Objects and Improved Interoperability
Full text linkThe increasing volume and complexity of research data necessitate robust data management practices to ensure data is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). The Norwegian Research Data Archive (NRDA) is at the forefront of efforts to create a comprehensive platform for researchers to share and archive their data. This paper discusses NRDA\u27s ongoing initiatives to enhance its infrastructure in alignment with FAIR principles, emphasizing the integration of Research Objects (ROs) and RO-Crate technologies. These improvements aim to facilitate better data discoverability, accessibility, and interoperability, thereby fostering a more integrated and sustainable data ecosystem. The paper also highlights NRDA\u27s collaborative efforts with other platforms via the use of Research Objects to support data sharing and reuse across repositories. By focusing on standardized metadata, persistent identifiers, and interoperability, NRDA is advancing Open Science practices, ultimately contributing to a more transparent, efficient, and collaborative research environment. The challenges and future directions of these initiatives are also explored, providing insights into the ongoing efforts to create a more open and interconnected scientific landscape
FAIR Digital Object Assessment and Acceleration Approaches at the World Data System
Full text linkAfter outlining the structure and mission of the World Data System (WDS), our presentation at the FDO Summit Berlin describes how the WDS provides a multi-faceted approach to accelerating FAIR Digital Objects (FDOs) by evaluating, reusing and extending previous FAIRification work, and by providing testbeds to improve automation and prioritization. Based on feedback from planned knowledge transfer and dissemination activities, FAIR Implementation Profiles (FIPs) and FAIR Enabling Resources (FERs) can be evaluated to improve interoperability between repositories that should have a comprehensive metadata schema
FAIR Digital Objects in Autosubmit Workflows
Full text linkClimate and weather models are, respectively, complex computer programs used to better understand and predict the climate and to forecast weather. Running these programs involves a series of tasks that may require the use of other computer programs and scripts to prepare the input data, replace values in configuration files (e.g. Fortran namelists), prepare parameters for a batch server used in a high-performance computing facility (e.g. Slurm user configuration, project details, job request, etc.), among other possible variables. There are multiple challenges to make these programs and their outputs FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) digital objects. The use of computational workflows executed with workflow managers eases the configuration and execution of climate and weather models, encapsulating some of its complexity, and contributes to a more uniform collection of provenance information about the execution of these models. In this article we focus on Autosubmit, an experiment and workflow manager used for running weather, air quality, and climate experiments that implements the Workflow Run RO-Crate profile to archive provenance information. We also highlight points that are not covered by RO-Crate and explain how we plan to address these shortcomings through recommendations found in FDO specifications
The Five Safes RO-Crate: FAIR Digital Objects for Trusted Research Environments for Health Data Research
Full text linkTrusted Research Environments (TREs) are secure locations in which health and other sensitive data are placed and made available for researchers to analyse under strict controls. TRE’s in the UK operate under the Five Safes governance framework of safe data, safe people, safe projects, safe settings and safe outputs to protect data confidentiality. However, there is no standardised mechanism for streamlining the exchange of the metadata needed between analysis toolkits and TREs to follow Five Safes procedures. This lack of standardised interoperability is exacerbated when undertaking federated analysis across multiple TREs. The “Five Safes RO-Crate” digital object is a proposed approach for packaging the metadata needed for exchanging research requests and results between analysis tools and TRE providers, enabling them to operate Five Safe compliant processes. The approach has been piloted by the DARE UK TRE-FX project with commercial and open-source analysis toolkits and two health data TREs. The work will continue to be developed in Health Data Research UK’s Federated Analytics work programme and incorporated into the TRE Blueprints currently being developed by EOSC-ENTRUST European Network of Trusted Research Environments and DARE-UK. Five Safes RO-Crate is an important component of the metadata middleware necessary for implementing scalable TRE federated analysis
Agrivoltaics Crop Yield Modeling: Quantifying the Effects of Light Limitations on Crop Growth
Full text linkAgrivoltaics (APV) combine agriculture and photovoltaic (PV) energy production on the same land and have the potential to provide several synergies for both production systems. Moving towards large-scale commercial implementation, synergies and trade-offs need to be quantified. Various APV designs exist and have been studied in field experiments in the past. In addition to PV design choices, differences respecting the crops grown, the soil conditions and the climatic conditions are known to affect crop yields. However, it is unclear how planned APV sites with conditions that differ from the known research sites will perform. This poses challenges in terms of assessing the implications for both farmers and APV planners. Therefore, we developed a framework for simulating impacts of APV shading effects on crop yields. A new APV shading model is developed to specifically match the needs of the PROMET crop model, which is capable of worldwide simulations for a large range of crop types. When compared to results from the state-of-the art bifacial radiance raytracing model, similar trends and magnitudes in irradiance reductions have been observed. Agricultural yield prediction simulations for a planned BayWa r.e. APV project in France were used as a test case. The simulation results showed large differences between one-in-portrait and two-in-portrait trackers. The simulated crop yields for the site remain only within an acceptable range for winter wheat and rapeseed with 1P trackers. While the shading model and PROMET have already been tested individually, a more in-depth validation of the entire framework is planned for the near future, when data for planned systems becomes available. The addition of the APV shading model expands capabilities of the PROMET crop model towards APV simulation and allows for future development of advanced APV-related data products