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FDO Manager: Minimum Viable FAIR Digital Object Implementation
Full text linkIn the digital age, data has emerged as one of the most valuable assets across various sectors, including academia, industry, and healthcare. Effective data preservation involves the management of data to ensure its long-term accessibility and usability. Given the importance and sensitivity of data, the need for effective management is a crucial necessity. One of the big recent proposed approaches for data management is the FAIR Digital Objects (FDOs) which has emerged to revolutionize the field of data management and preservation. Central to this revolution is the alignment of FDOs with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), particularly emphasizing machine-actionability and interoperability across diverse data ecosystems. This paper presents ”FDO Manager,” a Minimum Viable Implementation of FDOs, tailored specifically for the use case and field of research artefacts such as datasets, publications, and code. The paper discusses the core ideas behind the FDO Manager, its architecture, usage and implementation details, as well as its potential impact, demonstrating a simple and abstract implementation of FDOs in the research realm
Preface: Tagung Zukünftige Stromnetze | Future Power Grids Conference 2024
No full textThe Future Power Grids conference took place in Berlin in January 2024, bringing together a diverse group of participants. With 120 onsite attendees and 35 online participants mainly from Germany, the event served as a platform for sharing knowledge, discussing the latest innovations, and exploring solutions to the challenges facing the energy sector. The conference was a great success, fostering valuable connections and inspiring meaningful discussions among experts, industry leaders, and researchers from various fields.
At the last edition of the conference in January 2023, a lively discussion spontaneously emerged between the panelists and the audience regarding whether the speed of the energy transition – more specifically, the expansion of renewable energy sources in the electricity supply – needed to be tripled or even quadrupled. This led to deeper conversations about whether and how this goal could be achieved, and what measures are required from technological, regulatory, and market perspectives.
We are confident that together, we can generate even more ideas to achieve this goal. However, this brief episode illustrates the significant challenge ahead. The search for solutions, stepping out of our comfort zones in technical discussions, and drawing inspiration from the ideas of others are essential tools – and the Future Power Grids conference has been providing all of this for many years.
The papers presented at the conference were included in the conference proceedings, hosted on the TIB platform, ensuring wide accessibility and recognition within the academic and professional community. Being published in the conference proceedings is crucial for researchers and professionals alike, as it offers a permanent record of their work, enhances their visibility, and contributes to the advancement of knowledge in their field. Firstly, publishing in the proceedings ensures that the research reaches a global audience, making it accessible to peers, stakeholders, and potential collaborators worldwide. Secondly, it strengthens the credibility of the work by providing an official and peer-reviewed platform for the dissemination of findings. Finally, inclusion in the proceedings offers a valuable reference point for future research, contributing to the ongoing development of solutions and ideas in the energy sector and related disciplines.
We look forward to continuing the search for solutions next January, reconnecting with many familiar faces from past editions, and hopefully welcoming new participants as well
A Critical Materials Perspective on 3DCP: Extractive Practices and Environmental Scalability in AM for Construction
Full text linkThe current state of the art in assessing the environmental impact of 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) technologies has focused especially on the material impacts, given the known issues posed by concrete. By contrast, 3DCP machinery impacts remain mostly unknown, with only few studies examining the equipment necessary to additive manufacturing and evaluating their impact with Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) techniques. Taking point of departure in 3DCP as a case study, the research examines the usual assumption in the construction industry that materials impacts outweigh significantly machine impacts and that the latter can therefore remain out of scope of standard LCAs of buildings and building products. Assessing different concrete additive manufacturing (3DCP) wall typologies and focusing on the amounts of critical materials present in the system, the research compares the presence of such resources in the material and the set-up as well as the consequences for abiotic depletion and the scaling up of AM practices in the AEC industry (Architecture, Engineering and Construction). Highlighting the risk of significant impact transfer in some of the evaluated scenarios, the research advocates for a systematic impact of machinery impacts in 3DCP
SBU-NLP at LLMs4OL 2025 Tasks A, B, and C: Stage-Wise Ontology Construction Through LLMs Without any Training Procedure
Full text linkAutomated ontology construction is a challenging task that traditionally requires extensive domain expertise, data preprocessing, and resource-intensive model training. While learning-based methods with fine-tuning are common, they often suffer from high computational costs and limited generalizability across domains. This paper explores a fully automated approach that leverages powerful large language models (LLMs) through prompt engineering, eliminating the need for training or fine-tuning. We participated in the LLMs4OL 2025 shared task, which includes four subtasks: extracting ontological terms and types (Text2Onto), assigning generalized types to terms (Term Typing), discovering taxonomic relations (Taxonomy Discovery), and extracting non-taxonomic semantic relations (Non-Taxonomic Relation Extraction). Our team focused on the first three tasks by using stratified random sampling, simple random sampling, and chunking-based strategies to include training sets in the prompts without limitations imposed by context window sizes. This simple yet general approach has proven effective across these tasks, enabling high-quality ontology construction without additional annotations or training. Additionally, we show that pretrained sentence embedding models ranging from 0.1B to 1.5B parameters perform comparably to a simple F1 token overlap baseline in taxonomy discovery, suggesting that embedding-based methods may not always offer significant advantages. Our findings highlight that prompt-based strategies with modern LLMs enable efficient, scalable, and domain-independent ontology construction, providing a promising alternative to traditional, resource-heavy methods
Preface for LLMs4OL 2025: The 2nd Large Language Models for Ontology Learning Challenge at the 24th ISWC
Full text linkWe are pleased to present the proceedings of the ``The 2nd Large Language Models for Ontology Learning Challenge (LLMs4OL 2025), held at the 24th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2025), Nara, Japan. This challenge represents a significant advancement in utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) for Ontology Learning (OL)—a crucial Semantic Web component that enables the automatic extraction of structured knowledge from unstructured data. The challenge features four main tasks: Text2Onto (extracting ontological terminologies and types from a raw text), Term Typing (identifying categories for terms), Taxonomy Discovery (uncovering hierarchical relationships), and Non-Taxonomic Relation Extraction (identifying other meaningful relationships between terms). Each task is designed to test different facets of ontology construction and to encourage the exploration of innovative techniques. This challenge seeks to foster collaboration, inspire innovation, and expand the capabilities of LLMs in OL. The proceedings include a collection of innovative solutions and insights from global participants, highlighting the crucial role of LLMs in enhancing the web with structured knowledge. We believe the outcomes of this challenge will propel further advancements in OL and its applications on the semantic web.
In summary, the second round of the challenge brought together 11 teams, showcasing a diverse range of methodological approaches and LLM perspectives. Further details are available on the challenge website (https://sites.google.com/view/llms4ol2025). The datasets are maintained in a dedicated GitHub repository (https://github.com/sciknoworg/LLMs4OL-Challenge).
We want to extend our gratitude to all the participants for their invaluable contributions, whose solutions and dedication have greatly enriched this challenge. Our sincere thanks also go to the conference organizers and committee for their efforts in hosting this event. We are deeply appreciative of the reviewers for their evaluations and feedback. Their reviews have been instrumental in enhancing the quality of the submissions. We want to acknowledge specifically:
Maryam Najafi (University of Limerick, Ireland)
Rashin Rahnamoun (Shahid Beheshti University, Iran)
Xinyi Zhao (Laboro.AI Inc., Japan)
Insan-Aleksandr Latipov (Eindhoven Technical University, Netherlands)
Ryan Roche (Sandia National Laboratories, United States)
Miquel Canal (Universidad de Alicante, Spain)
Aleksandra Beliaeva (Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russia)
Patipon Wiangnak (Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan)
Chavakan Yimmark (Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan)
Mehreen Rahman (Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh)
Lastly, we would like to express our gratitude to "Xenia Felice van Edig" and "Marco Gronewold" from the TIB Open Publishing, for their support in bringing these proceedings online.
We also would like to acknowledge that the 2nd LLMs4OL Challenge @ ISWC 2025 was jointly supported by the SCINEXT project (BMFTR, German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space, Grant ID: 01lS22070) and the NFDI4DataScience initiative (DFG, German Research Foundation, Grant ID: 460234259).
Hamed Babaei GiglouJennifer D’SouzaAndrei C. AioaneiNandana MihindukulasooriyaS¨oren Auer
The 2nd LLMs4OL 2025 Challenge Organization Tea
Techno-Economic Analysis of a Solar Calciner for CO2 Emissions Reduction in the Chilean Cement Industry
Full text linkClinker, constituting approximately 72% of cement\u27s composition, is produced through an energy-intensive process that significantly contributes to CO2 emissions. This study explores the integration of a solar calciner into the Chilean cement industry, particularly in the Antofagasta region, which is characterized by high solar energy irradiation, with an annual DNI of 3,250 kWh/m2. This region also accounts for approximately 30% of the country\u27s cement sector energy consumption. In this context, this study evaluates two Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) scenarios: the Top of Tower (TT) system and the Beam-down (BD) system, assessing their technical and economic feasibility for reducing CO2 emissions in the calcination process. The findings suggest that both CST systems could substantially reduce CO2 emissions in the calciner. However, economic feasibility remains a challenge, primarily due to the low cost of coal, which is the main fuel in the Chilean cement industry. Additionally, the efficiency of the solar calciner is found to be crucial for achieving maximum emission reductions, for the scalability of the technology, and for its future adoption in Chile\u27s cement industry. Although the Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH) for the proposed plants is currently higher than the coal-fired calciners in which is produced about 90% of current clinker production in Chile, potential reductions in heliostat costs, coupled with an increase in carbon taxes beyond the current value of 5 USD/tCO2, could significantly improve the economic viability of CST plants in Chile\u27s cement industry
Increasing the Collaboration on Thermal Energy Storage Systems in SolarPACES TCP: Current Activities in the TES Working Group
Full text linkThis paper presents, mainly, the just recently launched collaboration topics in the Thermal Energy Storage Working Group (TES WG) of the SolarPACES task III. These topics are four: one dealing with the main issues related to molten salt loops, like for example, with the reliability of equipment and instrumentation used in this type of hydraulic loops; another in relation to TES tanks issues, like for example, the identification of failures at high temperature and solutions to implement in the tank design; another focussed on corrosion issues of structural materials used in molten salt loops and on how different coatings can be used for that, and finally another topic focussed on the used of TES not only by storing energy of a CST plant but of other non-dispatchable renewables, like PV or wind, in a Carnot battery
Design and Operation of Hybrid CSP-PV-Wind Plants Operating on the Italian Day-Ahead Electricity Market and on the Ancillary Services Market
Full text linkConcentrating Solar Power equipped with Thermal Energy Storage (TES) allows for dispatchable power production, but the worldwide installed power is still limited due to its higher investment costs with respect to other renewable technologies. A promising option to reduce costs, while keeping a high dispatchability level, is the hybridization of CSP with Photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) plants. Hybrid CSP-PV-Wind plants have already shown their capability to achieve higher dispatchability level and lower costs with respect to stand-alone CSP, PV and wind plants. This work investigates the techno-economic optimization of hybrid CSP-PV-Wind plants capable of operating on both the Day Ahead Market (DAM) and the Ancillary Services Market (ASM), assuming different market scenarios. The design and operation of the hybrid plant are co-optimized using the optimization framework developed by Politecnico di Milano and considering the simultaneous participation of such plant to the DAM and ASM Italian markets. Results showed that while a price multiplier of 4 should be applied to the current spot market prices to make the hybrid plant economically viable in the DAM market, a price multiplier of 2 is sufficient for a positive NPV when also the revenues from the ASM market are considered. Moreover, the CSP turn out to be an essential flexibility provider: conversely to the solution combining PV and WT with a battery storage, CSP-based configurations avoid the need for a large battery for the reserve provision, with a significant economic benefit on the plant NPV
Long-Range Transformations During Crystallization in Solid and Softening Glass
Full text linkThe glassy state is considered as a result of self-organization in the form of the bond wave which stipulates a hierarchical structure up to the non-crystalline long-range order characterized by the bond wave length and the wave direction. The model is tested using original experiment of the cavitation-assisted crystallization with a special attention to the pre-nucleation stages observed by means of IR-spectroscopy and SEM. As a result, a three-step model for crystallization in glass is proposed based on the macroscopically extended 2D wavefronts as nuclei. The model is compared with classical nucleation theory and contemporary trends in glass science concerning intrinsic heterogeneity, both structural and dynamical
Model Sensitivity Analysis of Lifetime Predictions for Generation 3 Particle-sCO2 Heat Exchangers
Full text linkA sensitivity analysis is performed to determine which variables play a first order role in determining the lifetime of particle-sCO2 heat exchangers. A symmetric half-plate geometry based on a hypothetical 16.7 MW commercial scale particle-sCO2 diffusion bonded IN617 heat exchanger is studied. A reduced-order modelling approach is presented and the steady-state and transient thermal and mechanical performances under nominal Generation 3 concentrated solar power operating conditions are compared against the fully featured model. The defeatured model shows the ability to accurately predict the thermal performance and mechanical lifetime at a fraction of the computational cost, making it a viable option for analysing commercial scale systems. Seven of the model input variables are then parameterized using a Latin Hypercube Sampling method and up to 128 different realizations are simulated. The transient stress results are linearized along stress classification lines in the header ports and used to predict the number of cycles to failure due to fatigue and creep. Sobol indices are generated to relate the cycles to failure to the independent variables studied. The results show that the uncertainty in the creep cycles to rupture data dominates the variation in lifetime predictions