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The influence of Christianity on Abagusii traditional marriage customs with specific reference to the payment of dowry: A case study of Gucha District, Kisii County
No full textABSTRACT
TITLE: THE INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY ON ABAGUSII TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE CUSTOMS WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO THE PAYMENT OF DOWRY: A CASE OF GUCHA DISTRICT, KISII COUNTY.
AUTHOR: DAMARIS OKENO
The research assessed the influence of Christianity on Kisii traditional marriage with particular reference to bride wealth in Gucha District, Kisii county Kenya. The researcher looked at the influence of Christianity on the Kisii traditional view of bride wealth. The researcher also looked at the importance of dowry in the Kisii traditional society. At the same time the study found out the differences between the Kisii traditional and Christian view of bride wealth. The research further established aspects in the Kisii traditional view of dowry that can be used to enrich Christian view of bride wealth so as to sustain the primary aim of marriage. The study is justified because it will be relevant to the youths in the Kisii community to establish a need to embrace the payment of bride wealth in their Christianity. The church on the same note will be able to adopt important aspects from the traditional view of bride wealth of the Abagusii purposely to enrich the payment of dowry in the Christian church. The study employed a descriptive research design with an aim of providing accurate and valid representation of the variables related to the research questions. Processing the data was collected by the use of codes that were easy to analyze the data using the Krejcie and Morgan table in determining the sample size. The target of the study was the elderly people in the district of age between 60 years and 90 years. Their estimated population was 50 and the sample size was 44 people. Another target group was the church members who were estimated to be 110 and the sample size was 86 members. Lastly it targeted youths in the church that estimated to 100 and the sample size was 80 of them who were to give their view on the same. The study carried out a purposive sampling technique in order to identify the respondents easily and quickly. The validity and reliability of the instruments was tested when they were applied in the field by use of content validity and the split-half method. The ethical considerations taken into account were keeping the information given confidential and observe the rules of the people by maintaining their respect by using an acceptable language within the community. The study found out that both Christian and traditional marriages interact in one way or another. Both share a system of bride wealth negotiation, the ceremonies binding the payment of bride wealth, which assists in preventing divorce. Further, the respondents on variables conformed that both dowry systems are interlinked. However, a few respondents felt that the traditional marriage system of bride wealth seem that families were selling and it is not a price given for upkeep. The study therefore, recommended that there should be a uniform system of bride wealth in both Christian and traditional marriages. In addition to that, there should be a uniform form of bride wealth negotiation and terms of payment among all groups
The persistence of polygyny in the Roman Catholic church, Diocese of Kisii, Kenya: A case of Ichuni parish
No full textThis study was conducted to find out the reasons for the persistence of polygyny in Ichuni Parish Roman Catholic Diocese of Kisii, Kenya. The objectives of the study were: to find out the factors that made people to marry more than one wife in the traditional African Society, to find out the position of the Roman Catholic Church concerning polygynous marriage in lchuni Parish, to establish reasons why Christians in lchuni Parish continue with the practice of polygyny and to come up with recommendations on how the issue of polygyny can be addressed in the Roman Catholic Church. The study focused on 16 Roman Catholic Church centers found in 1chuni Parish of the Diocese of Kisii. The theoretical frame work of the study was based on the cultural lag theory of William F. Ogburn. Simple random sampling was used to get the sample size for the study. This study was conducted through a descriptive survey where both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. Data was collected using questionnaires from 10 Catechists and 132 respondents who were Church members, using simple random sampling from the accessible population of 200. This study targeted Catechists and Church members who were given questionnaires to fill which were self-administered and they were picked after one week. Testing of validity and reliability of the research was done in the neighbouring Nyansiongo Parish which served as pilot area in the pre-testing. Data analysis was done using both qualitative and quantitative technique. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of simple descriptive statistics that is in tables, frequencies and percentages while qualitative data was analyzed and reported in narrative form. The study was significant because it provided understanding in the persistence of polygyny among the Church members in the Roman Catholic Church and provided ways of reducing the cultural practices of polygyny. The study recommended that the Church should look for ways of teaching married couples 011 the best way to live in a Christian way. This can be done through workshops or seminars on the advantages of monogamous marriage, withdraw of church responsibility from the polygynous couples, encouraging faithfulness among couples and giving of incentives to monogamous marriages. The study also recommended further research to be done on reasons for persistence of polygyny from other Parishes in the Diocese of Kisii, from other Christian denominations in Kenya and the impact of polygyny on the economy
Evaluation of implementation of E-learning in nursing schools in Tanzania:case of Open University
No full textRJ 499 .M3 2014E-Learning is a new concept in education that uses internet technology to deliver the digital content and which provides learner-centered environment for the teachers and students. E-Learning uses electronic media, information and communication technologies (ICT) in content delivery. As the newest form of teaching/ learning in nursing education, e-Iearning has the potential of offering rich educational experience. With the increasing demands for flexible learning modes and convenience for learners, e-learning is crucial in both learning and teaching. The study aimed at evaluating the implementation of e-learning in nursing schools in Tanzania. The objectives of the study were to determine how availability of resources affect the implementation of e-Learning in nursing schools in Tanzania; establishing the attitudes of nursing lecturers towards e-learning implementation in nursing school; determining the JCT competency skills of nursing lecturers and to establish institutional management support for e¬learning in nursing schools in Tanzania. The study site was Open University of health Education and Allied Science. A descriptive design and structured questionnaire method were used to collect data. The sample size comprised of 130 respondents including 106 students, 20 nursing lecturers and 4 administrators. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages, mean and standard deviation were used for comparison. The study concluded that implementation of e¬learning in nursing was not fully successful because there were no adequate resources available, management supports and, all participants have positive attitude towards the implementation. However, the cost of implementing e-learning was high. The study recommended that the university should explore measures to make e-learning mode less costly if not of equal cost to the regular classroom learning. There was need for regular faculty training for capacity building to increase competency and skills in e-learning and more literature review concern e-learning implementation in nursing schools
Effectiveness of guidance and counseling among secondary school students: A case of Kasarani District, Nairobi county, Kenya
No full textThere is an increased death rate in Kenya which affects the society at large. Bereaved students resume school when still in grief because grieving process takes a long time. The school is an important source of social support. High school students have growth issues, and are in a period of transition from childhood to adulthood with many challenges. These challenges can be compounded when they undergo loss and grief This study examined the effectiveness of guidance and counseling in grief and loss counseling among secondary school students in Kasarani District of Nairobi County. An accessible population of 42 teacher-counselors was targeted out of which a sample of 21 participated in the study. The target population was 7648 secondary school students out of which a sample of 189 students who had lost a significant person in their life participated in the study. Pertinent data was gathered using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. The instruments were scrutinized by my two supervisors to judge on the items appropriateness of content and to determine whether the objectives of the study would be achieved. Reliability was determined by pilot testing of the instruments. Test¬-retest procedure was used and a reliability coefficient of 0.82 obtained. Questionnaires were administered by the teacher- counselors in the presence of the researcher and collected the same day after completion. Data was edited, coded and then subjected to analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the analysis. Consequently, descriptive and inferential statistics were made use of Percentages and frequency graphs as well as charts were used to present the results. William Worden theory of counseling was used which views moaning as necessary and sees counseling as a facilitative process that allows the bereaved to move on with life without the deceased. The findings showed that although students sought grief and loss counseling and schools supported the grieved students, they perceived grief and loss counseling ineffective. Grief and loss training among the teacher-counselors was also inadequate. It was recommended that teacher¬-counselors should educate students about the process of grieving. The teacher-counselors should be given more training in grief and loss to make them more effective in helping bereaved students. Support centres for students should be maintained and ¬bereavement counseling should be given to students
An investigation on the implementation on HIV/AIDS curriculum in high schools:A case of wundanyi division Taita Taveta County- Kenya
Get PDFRA 643 .S25 2014Due to high prevalence of HIV among the youth aged 15-24 years (Barnet & Whiteside
(2006) various governments have established strategies to educate the youth on social
behavioral change. In Kenya the government introduced HIV / AIDS programme in
various subjects like Biology, Agriculture, History, Languages and Religious education at
secondary school level in the year 2000 (K.I.E, 1999). In Taita/Taveta District HIV/AIDS
is of great concern. According to Kenya aids indicator survey (KAIS). In the year 2012,
HIV prevalence rate among adults aged 15 to 64 years decreased nationally to 5.6% at the
same time that for Taita Taveta County was reported to be at 6.4% this being slightly
above the national prevalence rate. This study sought to investigate the implementation of
HIVIAIDS curriculum in public high schools in Wundanyi Division. The sample size
constituted 6 head teachers 15 teachers and 470 students which were selected as stratified
random sample. The main tools of data collection were questionnaires, one for the
teachers, one for students and an interview schedule for the Head teachers. A pilot test on
instruments was conducted in two high schools. Validity of this study was ensured
through consultations with research supervisors from Kenya Methodist University and
also by marching the contents of the questionnaire items with the research objectives. A
letter of introduction from Kenya Methodist University was provided which facilitated
application for a research permit from the National Council of Science and Technology.
After all the data was collected it was coded and entered in the computer for analysis
using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The teachers indicated that
HIV/AIDS should be one of the topics covered under CRE. Since information on
HIV/AIDS was inadequate. The methods used to teach HIV/AIDS are lecture, chat and
talk as indicated by teachers. This may be due to the fact that the resources for HIV / AIDS
education are inadequate according to teachers. Both students and teachers indicated
that there is low motivation. Students use peer teaching, abstinence and condoms to curb
the HIV / AIDS menace, though abstinence is the mostly used method. It was therefore
concluded that peer teaching and abstinence are important in curbing HIV/AIDS menace.
It was recommended that each school gets adequate HIV / AIDS curriculum copies and teaching resources should be made adequate. Teachers and students should be highly motivated on HIV / AIDS education
The challenges facing implementation of adult education program in Kenya; a case Nakuru county.
No full textABSTRACT
In Kenya a lot of effort has been made towards improving adult education. In 1968, Parliamentary Act was passed that provided for the creation of the Board of Adult Education. Kenya has put in place strategies towards attainment of adult literacy which are contained in various official documents. The purpose of this study was to find out the challenges that face the successful implementation of the adult education program in Kenya. This study adopted the survey research design. It was carried out in Nakuru County. The study population had 136 subjects. These were, County Director of Adult and Continuing Education, nine District Adult Education Officers, fifty eight full time and sixty eight part time adult education teachers. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data. Questionnaires were administered to the full time and part time teachers. Interviews were conducted with the County Director of adult education and District Adult Education officers. A pilot study was conducted in Baringo County. The results were used to determine the validity and reliability of the instruments. The data collected by the use of questionnaires was analyzed using (SPSS) computer program determine frequencies and percentages. The data was analyzed by use of inferential and descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages and presented in form of tables. The findings of this study were intended to highlight the shortcomings in the adult education implementation strategies that would in turn enable policy makers address the issue from an informed position. The study established that availability of teaching personnel, availability of teaching-learning resources, accessibility of adult Education centers and policy issues significantly affected the success of implementation of ACE programs. Demographic characteristics of the respondents were also found to have a huge impact on the sustainability of the ACE programs. The findings revealed that unconducive teaching and learning environment, inadequate personnel and inadequate teaching and learning materials affected implementation and success of the programs. Following these research findings, the recommendations made to enhance the sustainability of the ACE programs were that stakeholders in ACE programs should come up with mitigating factors to curb gender disparity, part time teachers should be employed on permanent basis and be paid well, teaching and learning resources should be made available to ACE institutions, permanent infrastructure should be set up, these ACE centers be far away from primary, Nursery schools and churches so as to enhance accessibility and privacy. Also the Community should be sensitized on the benefits of adult education
Factors influencing student leadership on management of student affairs in public secondary schools in Kirinyaga South district, Kenya.
No full textIn recent past, and specifically in 2008, a large number of public secondary schools in Kenya have experienced riots and boycotts. Schools in Kirinyaga County were among the most affected in this year's - -e wave, (DEO Kirinyaga, 2008). Observations from bodies such as parliamentary committees, heads association, UNICEF and MOE attributed these unrests to the manner in which student affairs were being managed in schools. Many studies have concentrated on looking at how the school administration, teachers and other stake holders manage students' affairs. Little attention is given to role played student leadership. This study aimed at investigating on the factors that influence student leadership in the selected secondary on the management of student's related affairs. The objectives of the study were to: Find out the effects of student leader's individual characteristics, investigate the extent to which the 1 s leadership style determine the management of student's affairs, assess how motivational factors t on the student leaders, and identify how the student leader's tasks influence the management of t affairs in secondary schools of Kirinyaga County. The study was carried out in Kirinyaga South district of Kirinyaga County. Descriptive survey research design was employed in the study. The accessible population for the study was all form four students drawn from 17 public secondary schools in the District. The study sample of 60 students, 6 teachers and 3 principals was drawn from six schools randomly selected in the District. The main sampling techniques were simple random sampling e students and teachers, and purposive sampling for the principals. The main instruments of data collection were interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings were presented in form of tables and pie charts. The main factor influencing student leadership was found to be the school administration while task factor had the least influence. The study also established that many respondents were not satisfied with the manner in which students affair were being managed by students leaders. The study is significant because the findings will be useful to all stakeholders for it will improve practice, data for policy discussion, formulation and implementation on matters of interest on student affairs ultimately the entire education sector. This is in turn, expected to lead to efficiency and effectiveness running of schools which is well demonstrated by good performance in the national exam
Factors Influencing the Utilization of Zidovudine and Nevirapine among HIV Positive Perinatal Women at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.
No full textP 122-132Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a key strategy aimed at protecting babies from being infected with HIV by their mothers. Treatment with combination rather than single Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs has been found to be more effective in PMTCT. The objectives of this study were: 1. to determine the rates of utilization of single drug and combinations of Zidovudine (AZT) and Nevirapine (NVP) for PMTCT and 2. To determine the factors that influence the choice of treatment among HIV positive perinatal women at Pumwani Maternity Hospital (PMH) in Nairobi, Kenya. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study site was Pumwani Maternity Hospital, which is a public health facility on the eastern suburbs of Nairobi County. A total of 326 post natalHIV Positive women were sampled and administered with questionnaires either at the Postnatal Clinic (PNC) or postnatal ward in Pumwani Maternity Hospital. Among the 326 HIV positive women, 299(91.7%) acknowledged having been given ARV's for PMTCT where 160(53.5%) and 139(46.5%) of them were given single and combination drug treatments respectively. Single dose NVP was used by 132(44.1 %) of the women while AZT alone was prescribed in 28(9.4%) of the women. The other 139 (46.5%) of the women received a combination of NVP and AZT. The frequency of Antenatal Clinic (ANC) visits was significantly related to the number of ARV's dispensed (p=0.001). Late ANC attendance and health problems were given as reasons why AZT was not dispensed while the main reason that was cited for NVP not being used was the lack of its availability. More than half of the HIV positive women delivering at PMH received single drug PMTCT. Availing combination PMTCT therapy should be enhanced. Success could be realized by encouraging frequent ANC attendance, availing alternative ARV treatment options and addressing health conditions that contribute to the use of monotherapy
Efficacy of instructional supervision in public primary schools; a case of primary schools in Nyeri Central district, Nyeri county, Kenya.
No full textABSTRACT
In spite of the societal demand for quality assurance in education and the need for thorough supervision in schools, there is a growing concern about the efficacy of the current supervision systems in place due to the doubt that many head teachers give little attention to supervision of instructional activities in primary schools. Consequently, there has been steady decline in dents' academic performance which depicts non-realization of quality assurance in primary schools. The study examined the efficacy of instructional supervision in primary schools. specifically, the study sought to establish the professional preparedness of the head teachers, frequency of supervisory tasks, nature of supervisory tasks and the kind of supervisory techniques employed by the head teachers. Since the perception of the supervisees determines how effective the systems can be, the teachers' opinions on the supervisory roles carried out by the head teachers was used to indicate the efficacy of the systems. Using a descriptive research design, the study covered all the 55 primary schools in Nyeri Central District, Nyeri County, Kenya. From the 55 schools in the location of study, 16 (30% of 55) schools were sampled at random from a list obtained from the DEO's office. Due to their small number, all the head teachers in the 16 schools sampled participated in the study. Due to their large number, 125(30% of 416) teachers in the 16 schools sampled participated in the study .All the head teachers of the primary schools in the district and the District Quality and Standards Officer (DQASO) participated in the study. A questionnaire and an interview schedule were used for data collection. A pilot study was conducted to ensure that the research instruments were of good quality. The questionnaires were administered to the teachers and head teachers and interview schedule to the DQASO. The data from the questionnaires was edited, coded and entered in the computer for analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). The results are presented in form of charts and tables to enhance clarity. On the efficacy of head teachers in instructional supervision, the study found that the head teachers demonstrated efficacy in providing instructional materials and facilities, motivating teachers for improved performance and in enforcing discipline. However, efficacy of the head teachers was found to be low in; making class visitations, defining of goals for academic achievement, monitoring classroom instruction, building capacity for teachers and in providing feedback on pupil's performance. Most head teachers possessed and used managerial skills such as evaluation skills, discipline skills; reportorial skills and interactive skills in carrying out instructional supervision and that most head teachers lacked and did not use pedagogical and analytical skills. Most head teachers had no training in instructional supervision. Most head teachers delegated supervisory duties to deputy head teachers and senior teachers. All the head teachers carried out lesson supervision and inspected professional documents and checked lesson notes and pupils work frequently. The study recommends that head teachers be trained on instructional supervision so as to make them more effective, that instructional supervision be incorporated in the training curriculum, and that head teachers be appointed on the basis of the skills and aptitudes
Characteristics of Nurses Upgrading to Higher Levels of Nursing Education at a Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Kenya
No full textP 100-108Upgrading refers to the process of nurses improving their initial educational qualification to a higher level. It enables nurses to add to their knowledge and skills, professional value, self -esteem and are rated higher within the nursing cadres. The number of nurses upgrading in Kenya has continued to increase over the years with adult students becoming the new majority in the student body. The upgrading nurses enter the academic programs with varied characteristics making them a unique group. This study sought to describe the characteristics of nurses upgrading to higher educational levels at a regional referral hospital in Eastern Kenya. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Data was collected from 160 nurses using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data collected was checked for accuracy, coded and analysed using STATA Version 10. Results showed that 63.2% of the respondents were above 35 years with a mode age of 40-44 years and >50 years. The ratio of male to females was 1:5. 53.2% of the respondents had Enrolled Community Health Nursing (ECN) as their initial qualification. 47.7% of the respondents had upgraded while 20%were currently upgrading. Age and initial qualification significantly influenced nurses to upgrade (p= 0.000 and p= 0.04 respectively) with the younger and those with certificate qualification more likely to upgrade. The preferred mode of study was distance learning with 83.65% of those upgrading opting for it. It was recommended that institutions of higher learning should strive to provide upgrading programs in nursing via distance learning mode and work closely with the professional bodies and the hospital to see how best to have it delivered. Nurses could also benefit from continuous medical education especially on the significant characteristics of age and initial qualification to use them for their advantage to take up upgrading