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Autocuidado e fadiga em indivíduos internados com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada durante a pandemia da COVID-19: estudo transversal
No full textObjetivo: verificar la asociación entre el autocuidado y la fatiga en pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio observacional, de corte transversal, con 132 individuos ingresados en un hospital universitario. Los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevistas individuales y consulta de historias clínicas. El autocuidado se evaluó mediante el Self-Care of Heart Failure Index y la fatiga mediante el Pictograma de Fatiga, ambas versiones validadas previamente para su uso en Brasil. Valores iguales o mayores a 70 indican un adecuado autocuidado para Manejo, Mantenimiento y Confianza. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes era hombre (n = 73; 55,3%), con baja escolaridad (n = 98; 74,2%), vivía con cónyuge o hijos (n = 77; 58,4%) y la media de edad fue de 62,3 años (desviación estándar = 28,7). Constatamos un autocuidado inadecuado de la insuficiencia cardíaca en las subescalas Mantenimiento (n = 109; 82,6%), Manejo (n = 81; 61,8%) y Confianza (n = 57; 48,3%). Considerando la última semana antes de la hospitalización, los participantes refirieron cansancio y limitaciones producto de la fatiga. No constatamos asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la intensidad y el impacto de la fatiga y las subescalas de autocuidado. Conclusión: durante el período pandémico, la fatiga percibida por los participantes antes de la hospitalización por la descompensación clínica de la insuficiencia cardíaca, aunque prevalente, no tuvo asociación con el autocuidado de la enfermedad.Objective: to determine the association between self-care and fatigue in patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: observational, cross-sectional study involving 132 individuals hospitalized in a university hospital. Data were collected through individual interviews and medical record reviews. Self-care was evaluated using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index, while fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Pictogram, both of which had been previously validated for use in Brazil. Scores of 70 or higher indicated adequate self-care in the domains of Management, Maintenance and Confidence. Results: most participants were men (n = 73; 55.3%), had a low educational level (n = 98; 74.2%), lived with a spouse and/or children (n = 77; 58.4%) and had a mean age of 62.3 years (standard deviation = 28.7). Inadequate self-care for heart failure was observed in the Maintenance (n = 109; 82.6%), Management (n = 81; 61.8%) and Confidence (n = 57; 48.3%) subscales. In the week before hospitalization, participants reported experiencing fatigue-related exhaustion and limitations. No statistically significant association was found between fatigue intensity or impact and the self-care subscales. Conclusion: during the pandemic, although fatigue was prevalent among participants before hospitalization due to clinical decompensation of heart failure, it was not associated with self-care for the condition.Objetivo: verificar a associação entre autocuidado e fadiga de pacientes internados por descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: estudo observacional, de corte transversal, com 132 indivíduos internados em um hospital universitário. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista individual e consulta aos prontuários. O autocuidado foi avaliado pelo Self-Care of Heart Failure Index e a fadiga pelo Pictograma de Fadiga, ambas versões validadas previamente para uso no Brasil. Valores iguais ou superiores a 70 indicam autocuidado adequado para as subescalas Manejo, Manutenção e Confiança. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino (n = 73; 55,3%), com baixa escolaridade (n = 98; 74,2%), morava com cônjuge e/ou filhos (n = 77; 58,4%) e a média de idade foi 62,3 anos (desvio-padrão = 28,7). Constatamos autocuidado inadequado para a insuficiência cardíaca nas subescalas Manutenção (n = 109; 82,6%), Manejo (n = 81; 61,8%) e Confiança (n = 57; 48,3%). Considerando a última semana antes da hospitalização, os participantes referiram cansaço e limitações decorrentes da fadiga. Não constatamos associação estatisticamente significante entre a intensidade e o impacto da fadiga e as subescalas do autocuidado. Conclusão: no período pandêmico, a fadiga percebida pelos participantes antes da internação pela descompensação clínica da insuficiência cardíaca, embora prevalente, não teve associação com o autocuidado da doença
Franchise’s locational concentration in Brazil: a contextual perspective
No full textPurpose
This study aimed to explore the relationship between vectors of local entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE) and the locational concentration of franchise network units in Brazilian cities.
Design/methodology/approach
Information about the municipalities where a set of franchise networks operates, along with the number of units per location, was tabulated for 2016, 2019 and 2022. Data related to EE were obtained from ISDEL. The analytical strategy was designed based on a typical estimation framework, aiming to identify the associations between EE components and the factors influencing the concentration of entrepreneurial activity.
Findings
The results indicate different movements when analyzed from the perspective of municipalities as well as from the perspective of networks. Through empirical analysis, it is possible to verify a significant relationship between EE dynamics and the locational concentration of franchised networks.
Originality/value
There is no record of previous work on the relationship between contextual factors and the locational concentration of franchise network units. In addition, it contributes to the debate on governance arrangements in the face of crises from the perspective of entrepreneurship. Finally, this study contributes to the discussion of EE by incorporating franchising arrangements into the analysis
Forecasting fashion retail sales in Brazil: a case study before, during and after COVID-19
No full textPurpose
This study analyzes the sales behavior of a Brazilian fashion retailer before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to generate short-term forecasts using machine learning models. The pandemic’s impact on the retail sector created a need for accurate sales forecasting.
Design/methodology/approach
Sales behavior was analyzed using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Neural Network AutoRegressive (NNAR) models. Performance was tested during the Full-Price and Off-Price stages, considering eight clothing collections launched before and during the pandemic. Forecast accuracy was evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE), and Total Absolute Percentage Error (TAPE).
Findings
Sales before and after COVID-19 showed low volume and variability during the full-price period and high income volatility during the off-price stage. Collection 4, launched in February 2020, displayed stable sales with reduced promotional impact. NNAR slightly outperformed SARIMA, highlighting the importance of nonlinear models in capturing retail sales volatility. Sales showed greater variability before and after restrictions, particularly during discounts, which resulted in higher prediction errors.
Originality/value
This study helps fashion retailers to choose suitable models for forecasting sales during the full- and off-price stages, considering specific environmental conditions. It also provides insights into retail dynamics during disruptions
ThinkBox: Integrating generative artificial intelligence into graduate studies in administration: impacts, ethical dilemmas, and methodological paths
No full textUso de pele de Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) como xenoenxerto no tratamento de ferida por esporotricose em felino: nota prévia
No full textSporotrichosis is a fungal infection often characterized by complications related to wound healing. This study was performed to evaluate the use of skin from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a biological dressing in a sporotrichosisinduced wound in a feline. Amputation was initially indicated because of an extensive injury with bone necrosis in the distal third of the limb. To promote proper healing, the tissue (xenograft) was applied to the lesion, and the dressing was changed every 48 hr for 3 weeks. Histological analysis of tilapia skin revealed intact collagen fibers and preservation of cellular architecture. After complete healing, the animal’s skin and mobility were restored, improving its quality of life. This report demonstrates the applicability of tilapia skin as a xenograft for treating wounds in domestic animals, achieving satisfactory results in reducing dressing changes and shortening healing time.Esporotricose é uma infecção fúngica caracterizada por apresentar complicações inerentes à cicatrização de feridas. Diante da complexidade associada a regeneração tecidual efetiva, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização da pele de Tilápia-do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) como curativo biológico em ferida causada por esporotricose em felino. O animal em questão tinha indicação de amputação por apresentar lesão extensa em terço distal de membro e com necrose óssea. Objetivando promover uma cicatrização adequada, foi realizada a aplicação do tecido (xenoenxerto) no local da lesão com troca de curativo a cada 48 horas por três semanas, além disso, foram realizadas análises histológicas na pele de tilápia utilizada. Após a completa cicatrização da ferida, houve a restauração da pele do local e o reestabelecimento da mobilidade do animal, garantindo uma melhor qualidade de vida para o mesmo. Os resultados desse relato evidenciam a aplicabilidade do emprego da pele de tilápia como xenoenxerto no tratamento de feridas de animais domésticos, visto que, além de se tratar de um biomaterial de baixo custo, oferece resultados satisfatórios quanto à redução na troca de curativo, bem como diminuição no tempo de cicatrização. Constatou-se, ainda, que a pele aplicada apresentou fibras colágenas íntegras e arquitetura celular preservada
The role of philosophy in integral human formation in the face of utilitarian advancement
No full textThis article, which is situated in the field of philosophy of education, aims at questioning the utilitarianism that has increasingly shaped educational discourse, in order to state the importance of integral human formation, as well as the role of philosophy teaching in it. It draws on the argumentative context of Ordine and Nussbaum to defend that reducing the idea of usefulness to economic interests represents an affront to the very idea of education. The text is organized into three sections. The first one defines integral human formation, based on the Greek Paideia, as a general, disinterested way of education that presupposes skholé, a space and time free from utilitarian interests. The second part addresses the alleged uselessness of philosophy, characterizing it as knowledge and an end in itself, thus free from utilitarian determinism. The third one discusses the role of philosophy in human formation, defending two central arguments: philosophy as a cultivator of a philosophical attitude, and philosophy as a literary tradition that favors free thinking. The philosophical attitude, which dates back to Socratic non-knowledge, whose practice is linked to doubt, reasoning and conceptualization, is essential for the development of free minds in democratic societies. The literary tradition in philosophy offers a formative collection, capable of generating more universal perspectives than those given in the immediacy of the utilitarian context, thereby opening a window to free thinking.O presente artigo, situado no campo da filosofia da educação, tem como objetivo colocar em questão o utilitarismo que avança sobre a educação para afirmar a importância da formação humana integral, bem como, o papel do ensino de filosofia nela. Parte do contexto argumentativo de Ordine e Nussbaum para defender que a redução da ideia de útil ao interesse econômico representa uma afronta à própria ideia educativa. O texto está dividido em três partes. Na primeira, define a formação humana integral, a partir da paideia grega, como formação geral desinteressada que supõe a skholé, um espaço-tempo livre do interesse utilitário. Na segunda, tematiza a questão da inutilidade da filosofia, caracterizando-a como saber com um fim em si mesmo, desse modo, livre do determinismo utilitarista. Na terceira, trata do papel da filosofia na formação humana, defendendo dois argumentos centrais: a filosofia como educadora de uma atitude filosófica e a filosofia como uma tradição literária que favorece o livre pensar. A atitude filosófica, que remonta ao não-saber socrático, cujo exercício está ligado à dúvida, argumentação, conceituação, é fundamental para a formação de espíritos livres requerida em sociedades democráticas. A tradição literária em filosofia constitui um acervo formativo capaz de produzir perspectivas mais universais daquilo dado no imediatismo do contexto utilitarista, assim, abre uma janela ao livre pensar
DNA methyltransferases expressions in mice tongue exposed to waterpipe smoke
No full textObjective Waterpipe smoking has gained widespread use nowadays, especially among young adults. As this type of smoke has been described to contain toxins and carcinogens, this study evaluated DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3b expression, and inflammation, on the dorsal surface, ventral surface and lateral border of Swiss mice’s tongues exposed to waterpipe smoke. Methodology Animals were divided into 6 groups (n=60): control, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days of consecutive exposure to waterpipe smoke in a whole-body exposure system. After each period, tongues were analyzed using hematoxylin/eosin staining for inflammation status and immunohistochemistry for DNMT1 and DNMT3b. Results DNMT3b showed lower immunoexpression from 7 to 60 days; at 90 days, expression was similar to that of control or there was upregulation on the ventral surface compared with control. DNMT1 exhibited lower expression at all exposure times, with the ventral surface showing similar expression to that of control at 90 days. Waterpipe smoke was not able to induce acute or chronic inflammation in mice tongue. Conclusion Waterpipe smoke may result in a DNA hypomethylation pattern in initial exposure periods, contributing to activate proto-oncogenes and/or genomic instability. Over long periods, it may lead to a methylation pattern similar to that of control or even to hypermethylation, silencing tumor suppressor genes. These alterations in the genome due to hypo/hypermethylation contribute largely for the development of diseases such as oral cancer
Effects of bromelain, melatonin, and thymoquinone on neutrophil extracellular trap formation and macrophage polarization in experimental periodontitis
No full textPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by dysregulated immune responses leading to alveolar bone loss. Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and macrophage polarization play critical roles in its pathogenesis, and natural agents with immunomodulatory properties are being investigated as potential adjunctive therapies. Objective This study aimed to compare the effects of systemically administered melatonin, bromelain, and thymoquinone on serum neutrophil extracellular trap formation and macrophage polarization in experimental periodontitis. Methodology Forty rats were assigned to five groups: control, experimental periodontitis, and experimental periodontitis treated with melatonin, bromelain, or thymoquinone. Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement for 14 days. After ligature removal, the treatment groups received daily oral doses of melatonin, bromelain, or thymoquinone for 14 consecutive days. Biochemical, histologic, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Comparisons between groups were performed using one-way ANOVA. Neutrophil extracellular trap levels measured before and after treatment within the same group were analyzed using a paired t-test. Results Thymoquinone treatment significantly reduced alveolar bone loss compared to the bromelain and melatonin groups (p=0.00). The highest value was observed in the Periodontitis group and the lowest in the Thymoquinone group for neutrophil extracellular trap levels, with intergroup comparisons showing no statistically significant differences (p=0.597). All immunohistochemical analyses showed significant differences in all treatment groups compared to both the control and periodontitis groups (p=0.000). CD68(+) macrophages were most abundant in the periodontitis group and least in the Melatonin group (p=0.00). CD80 expression was highest in the Melatonin group and lowest in the Thymoquinone group (p=0.000), while CD206 expression was highest in the Bromelain group and lowest in the Thymoquinone group (p=0.00). Conclusion Thymoquinone exhibited comparatively more favorable patterns, and overall, all agents showed trends that may support their consideration as adjunctive approaches in periodontitis management
Evaluation of bleaching efficacy and cytotoxicity of an experimental hydrogel containing MnO-Doped Biosilicate® activated by violet LED light
No full textAlthough hydrogen peroxide (HP) at 35% is effective in dental bleaching, the cytotoxicity associated with its use remains a significant concern. In this context, this study aimed to develop a bleaching hydrogel containing 6% HP, Biosilicate® (BioS) doped with manganese oxide (MnO_BioS), and irradiated with violet LED light (LED). Enamel/dentin discs were submitted to the following bleaching treatments (n=08): 35%HP (positive control), 6%HP gel containing BioS or MnO_BioS (0 and 10 wt%), with or without LED irradiation. The discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers (APCs), with the enamel exposed for bleaching and the dentin facing the culture medium (DMEM). Bleaching was performed in three 30-minute sessions with 7-day intervals. After bleaching, the extracts (DMEM + bleaching gel components diffused through the discs) were collected and applied to the odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Color change (ΔE00) and changes in the whiteness index (ΔWID) were determined before (T0) and after the last bleaching session (T2). Cell viability (MTT, %), HP diffusion (µg/mL), oxidative cell stress (OxS), and cell fluorescence (live/dead assay, by confocal microscopy) were assessed after the first session (T1). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p=0.05). The addition of 6%HP_MnO_BioS_LED exceeded ΔWID compared to 35%HP, showing statistical differences from the other groups, while ΔE00 was statistically similar to 35%HP. 6%HP_MnO_BioS_LED demonstrated higher cell viability, lower HP diffusion, and reduced oxidative stress (OxS) compared to the other groups (p<0.05). 6%HP_MnO_BioS_LED increased bleaching potential and presented lower cytotoxicity compared to 35%HP
The effect of Stage I-II periodontitis on the mechanical, structural, and biological properties of leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin
No full textObjective This study aimed to compare the mechanical, biological, and structural properties of a leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membrane in periodontally healthy patients and those with periodontitis. A total of 30 individuals (17 men and 13 women) with a median age of 41 years were divided into two groups as periodontally healthy (control group) and as having periodontitis (test group). Methodology Blood samples were collected and centrifuged at 2700 rpm for 12 minutes. A tensile test was performed to determine the mechanical properties of L-PRF membranes. Elasticity-modulus, tensile strength, and stretch at rupture were calculated. Platelet and leucocyte counts and ratios were calculated. Fibril thickness and density were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy imaging. The comparisons between groups were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test, and a p<0.05 value was considered statistically significant. Results In the comparison of the control group versus the test group, pocket depth (3.55 (1.59-3.97) vs. 1.52 (1.47-3.53)), clinical attachment level (3.11 (1.77-4.23) vs. 0.06 (0.05-3.68)), plaque index (1.63 (0.05-1.75) vs. 0.04 (0.04-1.58)), gingival index (1.55 (0.04-1.63) vs. 0.05 (0.04-1.49)), and bleeding on probing (56.25 (3.7-70.11) vs. 3.57 (2.67-47.12)) were statistically significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (p= 0.009, p=0.008, p=0.008, p=0.009, p=0.009, respectively). Elasticity-modulus, tensile strength, and stretch at rupture values showed no statistically significantly differences between groups (p=0.745, p=0.754, p=0.602, respectively). Fibril thickness and density values showed no statistically significant differences between groups (p=1.000, p=0.753, respectively). Platelet count and platelet and leukocyte ratio values showed no statistically significant differences between groups (p=0.754, p=0.600, p=0.142, respectively). Leukocyte count was found to be statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the test group (p=0.028). Conclusion This study showed no effect of Stage I-II periodontitis on the mechanical, structural, and biological properties of L-PRF. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings