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Formative assessment for enhancement of teaching and learning
No full textA Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Curriculum Studies in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2023].The study sought to understand teachers’ perceptions of how formative assessment can enhance teaching and learning in Primary schools in the iLembe District in KwaZulu Natal. The objective was to explore the nature of formative assessment practices in the schools and to relate these to teaching and learning enhancement. The study followed a qualitative approach, adopting the phenomenological research design. A qualitative research approach includes focus groups and semi-structured interviews with a purposefully selected sample of teachers; the study sheds light on the different ways that formative assessment can act as a catalyst for improvements in education. Qualitative data were collected using thematic analysis. The results show that teachers view formative assessment as an essential tool for developing methods of instruction, encouraging learners’ involvement, and creating a positive learning environment, which is rather than just a means of assessing learners' progress. Teachers emphasised the significance of continuous, interactive feedback because it helps learners see their areas of strength and growth, leading to a more tailored and flexible learning environment. Additionally, the study highlights the challenges and constraints teachers encounter when applying formative assessment into practice, such as time constraints, big class sizes, identifying learning gaps, and lack of professional development opportunities.
The findings of this study revealed that teachers perceived the practice of using formative assessment to identify learning gaps as essential, mainly when used as a basis to close such gaps. The assessment was deemed capable of diagnosing weaknesses in both the subject contents and methods of teaching the subject (diagnostic teaching). The research concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for educational practice and policy in the iLembe District. It advocates for a more comprehensive approach to the technique to enable teachers to fully utilise formative assessment's potential to enhance teaching and learning. It emphasises the need for systemic support, including professional development and resources. This study adds to the growing discourse on improving educational quality and efficacy through accurate assessment techniques by illuminating the different perspectives of teachers. Further comparative studies across districts are needed to explore how formative assessment and their perceived effectiveness in enhancing teaching and learning vary across different districts or regions within South Africa or other countries. Also, a study on technology enhanced formative assessment is needed to examine the role of technology in supporting formative assessment practices. This could include studies on the use of educational software, Apps, and online platforms that facilitate immediate feedback and more engaging assessment methods
The influence of biographical characteristics on emotional concerns of new first-year students at the University of Zululand
Get PDFFor the degree of Masters In the field of Educational Psychology At the Faculty of EducationFor students, transitioning from high school to university is a challenging period which in most cases brings about emotional concerns and mental health challenges. Such students not only have to grapple with stress related to academic load, but also have to take on more adult-like responsibilities without having yet mastered the skills and cognitive maturity of adulthood. This study investigates whether there is any influence of biographical factors on the emotional concerns of New First Year Students at University of Zululand It focuses on age, gender and sex as the biographical factors. A quantitative method was used and data was collected from 82 participants. Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to measure the relationship between demographic traits of New First Year Students and the emotional concerns while an independent student’s T test was performed to test for differences between sexes. This research identified areas of concern regarding their emotional challenges which align with previous studies discussed in the review of similar studies at other universities. Areas of emotional concern, according to the current study were identified as belonging emotions, positive affectivity, negative affectivity and pathological emotions. From the correlation analysis, the study revealed that age of the New First Year Students (NFYS) was not related to the three emotional constructs of negative affectivity, pathological and belonging. Nonetheless, there was statistically significant but very weak negative correlation between age and positive affectivity. The conclusion reached was that positive affectivity decreased with increase in the age of the NFYS even though it has a weak relationship. The 18-19 years old NFYS had higher ratings for positive affectivity emotions while the older than 19 years has lower positive affectivity emotions. The study also confirmed the nonexistence of any relationship between social economic status, and the emotional concerns of NFYS. An independent student ‘s t test analysis also confirmed there was no significant statistical difference in the emotional concerns between male and female NFYS. Finally, the results indicated that strong, positive and significant correlation existed between different emotional constructs. Pathological emotions were positively and strongly correlated with negative affectivity. Pathological emotions were also positively correlated with positive affectivity. Lastly, belonging emotions were positively, though weakly correlated with positive affectivity
Fibro-lytic potential tannin-tolerant microbes in wild herbivores
No full textA Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science in the Department of Agriculture at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2023].Livestock production in developing countries is constrained by insufficient feed quality to sustain high productivity particularly during dry seasons. During this period,
ruminants switch their diet from mixed feeding to principally browsing drought-resistant trees and shrubs containing different types and concentrations of tannins. Consuming high tannin forages reduce nutrient digestibility but small amounts can be beneficial, especially in the presence of rumen bacteria that can tolerate tannins. The objectives of the study were to monitor microbial ecosystems from wild herbivores; manipulate, evaluate and identify tannin tolerant microbes; and create microbial ecosystems with higher fibrolytic potential to use browse species in goats. To achieve these objectives, a series of experiments were conducted.
Experiment 1 investigated the effect of condensed tannins on the fibrolytic activity of an microbial ecosystem from goats (G), giraffes (GR), kudus (K), impalas (IM) and a consortia of animals [A1 (G+IM), A2 (G+KD), A3 (G+GR), A4 (GR+IM), A5 (GR+KD), A6 (IM+KD), A7 (G+GR+IM), A8 (G+GR+KD), A9 (G+IM+KD), A10 (GR+KD+IM), A11 (G+GR+KD+IM)]. Fresh faecal samples were collected and mixed with homogenization buffer for crude enzyme extraction. Crude enzyme extracts were precipitated with 60% ammonium sulphate followed by dialysis, and assayed for endocellulase, exocellulase and xylanase activities by incubating with arboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulolse and xylan, respectively. An in vitro fermentation study was done by incubating strained faecal fluid with medium containing 1g of Vacchellia sieberiana at different concentrations of condensed tannins [control (feed without adjustment 5.34%), 8 and 10%]. Apparent degradability (APD), True degradability (TD), Neutral detergent fiber degradability (NDFd), Acid detergent fiber degradability (ADFd) and Microbial yield (MY) were measured. Supplementation of V. sieberiana with condensed tannins had significant effect on enzymes specific activities (endocellulase, exocellulase, xylanase) and fibre degradability. Supplemented group had lower enzyme activities, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), apparent degradability (APD) and true degradability (TD). However, microbial consortia improved (P<0.05) goats’ fibrolytic enzyme activities and dry matter degradability. Therefore, at the end of the in vitro study, microbial consortia [A7 (G+GR+IM), A1 (IM+G), A9 (G+K+I) and A11 (G+GR+KD+IM)] were the most promising and effective microbial ecosystems to enhance goat fibrolytic activities and was thus selected for further studies.
Experiments 2 and 3 isolated and identified tannin tolerant bacteria from faecal matter of goats (G), giraffes (GR), kudus (K), impalas (IM) and the best performing consortia [A= A7 (G+GR+IM), B= A1 (IM+G), C= A9 (G+K+IM) and D= A11 (G+GR+K+IM)] on goat fibrolytic activity. Thirteen tannin tolerant bacteria were isolated from the enrichment cultures of faecal microflora through serial dilutions and spread plate method in a medium containing condensed tannins as a sole carbon source and energy. The isolates were identified based on morphological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequences. A total of 13 Gram-negative and Gram-positive tannin tolerant bacteria designated as G, GR2, A1, B2, D2, C1, GR1, D2, A2, B1, K, I and C2 were isolated and identified as members of the Gram-negative Escherichia sp. (6), Gram positive Enterococcus sp. (5) and Bacillus species (1). A new Gram positive (B1) strain that does have any similarity with reference strain in the NCBI nucleotide database was also identified.
In Experiment 4, tannin-tolerant bacterial isolates were screened to produce endocellulase, exocellulase and xylanase enzymes on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and xylan (XY) agar plates, respectively, following the gram’s iodine staining procedure. Enzymes were extracted from each potential isolate and the enzyme activity assay was performed based on 3,5 dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Temperature, incubation time and pH were then optimised for maximum activity of exocellulase, endocellulase and xylanases. Out of 13 bacterial isolates, two strains (15%) were able to utilize CMC, MCC and XY, five
strains (39%) were able to use CMC and XY and six strains (46 %) were not able to use any of these substrates. The optimum temperature for enzyme (cellulase and xylanase) activities was 40°C. However, optimal incubation period and pH varied
among bacterial species.
In conclusion, fibrolytic microbes were identified from wild ruminant systems and tested on a goat system. Improved fibrolytic activity on goats was confirmed and the study identified 13 tannin tolerant bacteria. The tannin tolerant fibrolytic microbes identified in this study may have evolved in response to the dietary and environmental pressure, especially of the wild systems, as the animals normally consume feed with high tannin concentrations in their natural habitat. Therefore, it is possible that the selective pressures imposed by these diets over time have led to the evolution of specialised microbial communities that are better suited to produce enzymes breakingdown fibrous plant material and extracting nutrients in the presence of tannins. Identifying tannin-tolerant fibrolytic microbes can be used to develop supplements that could help improve the digestive health and nutrient absorption of goats. Future
research is needed for fuller understanding of the benefits of modifying domestic animals’ microbiome with tannin-tolerant bacteria from the wild.
OKUHUNYUSHWE NGOLIMI LWESIZULU
Isifinyezo
Ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo emazweni asathuthuka kuvinjelwa izinga lokudla okunganele ukuze kugcinwe umkhiqizo ophezulu ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sesomiso. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane ezelusayo zishintsha ukudla kwazo zisuke ekudleni okuxubile ziye ekuphequluleni izihlahla ezimelana nesomiso kanye nezihlahlana eziqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokugcwala kwama-tannins. Ukudla ukudla okune-tannin eliphezulu kunciphisa ukugayeka kokudla okunomsoco kodwa amanani aphansi angasiza, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ama-microorganisms esiswini angamelana namatannin. Izinjongo zocwaningo bekuwukuqapha imvelo ye-microbial evela ezilwaneni ezidla uhlaza zasendle; phatha, uhlole futhi uhlonze amabhaktheriya abekezelela i-tannin; futhi adale ama-microbial ecosystem anamandla aphezulu efibrolytic okusebenzisa izinhlobo zokuphequlula ezimbuzini. Ukufeza lezi zinhloso, uchungechunge lwezilingo lwenziwa.
Ukuhlolwa koku-1 kuphenye umthelela wama-tannin ajiyile emsebenzini wefibrolytic we-microbial ecosystem evela ezimbuzini (G), izindlulamithi (GR), i-kudus (K), i-impalas (IM) kanye nenhlanganisela yezilwane [A1 (G+IM), A2 (G+KD), A3
(G+GR), A4 (GR+IM), A5 (GR+KD), A6 (IM+KD), A7 (G+GR+IM), A8 (G+GR+KD ), A9 (G+IM+KD), A10 (GR+KD+IM), A11 (G+GR+KD+IM)]. Amasampula endle amasha aqoqwa futhi axutshwa ne-homogenization buffer ukuze kukhishwe i-enzyme engahluziwe. Ukukhishwa kwe-enzyme engahluziwe kwehliswe nge-60% yeammonium sulphate elandelwa yi-dialysis, futhi yahlolwa imisebenzi yeendocellulase, i-exocellulase kanye ne-xylanase ngokufukamela nge-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-microcrystalline cellulolse ne-xylan, ngokulandelana. Ucwaningo lokuvutshelwa kwe-in vitro lwenziwa ngokufukamela uketshezi lwendle olucindezelwe phakathi nendawo equkethe i-1g ye-Vacchellia sieberiana ekugxilweni okuhlukene kwama-tannins ajiyile [ukulawula (ukuphakela ngaphandle kokulungisa 5.34%), 8 kanye no-10%]. Ukuwohloka okubonakalayo (i-APD), ukuwohloka kweqiniso (TD), ukuwohloka kwefayibha yokuhlanza engathathi hlangothi (NDFd), ukuwohloka kwefayibha yokuhlanza i-Acid (ADFd) kanye nesivuno seMicrobial (MY) kukalwa. Ukwengezwa kwe-V. sieberiana ngama-tannins ajikisiwe kube nomthelela omkhulu
emisebenzini ethile yama-enzyme (i-endocellulase, i-exocellulase, i-xylanase) kanye nokuwohloka kwe-fiber. Iqembu elengeziwe lalinemisebenzi ephansi yama-enzyme, i-neutral detergent fiber (NDF), i-acid detergent fiber (ADF), i-apparent degradability (APD) kanye nokonakala kweqiniso (TD). Kodwa-ke, i-microbial consortia yenza ngcono (P<0.05) imisebenzi ye-enzyme ye-fibrolytic yezimbuzi kanye nokuwohloka kwento eyomile. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kocwaningo lwe-in vitro, i-microbial consortia [A7 (G+GR+IM), A1 (IM+G), A9 (G+K+I) kanye ne-A11 (G+GR+KD+IM)] kwakuyizinto eziphilayo ezithembisayo nezisebenza kahle kakhulu ze-microbial ecosystem ukuze kuthuthukiswe imisebenzi ye-goat fibrolytic futhi ngaleyo ndlela yakhethelwa izifundo eziqhubekayo.
Ukuhlola 2 kanye no-3 amagciwane angakwazi ukumelana ne-tannin ahlukanisiwe avela ezimbuzini (G), izindlulamithi (GR), i-kudus (K), i-impalas (IM) kanye ne-consortia eyenza kahle kakhulu [A= A7 (G+GR+IM), B= A1 (IM+G), C= A9 (G+K+IM) kanye no-D= A11 (G+GR+K+IM)] emisebenzini ye-fibrolytic yembuzi. Amagciwane ayishumi nantathu abekezelela i-tannin ahlukaniswa kumasiko
okunothisa we-microflora yendle ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanjululwa okulandelanayo kanye nendlela yokusabalalisa ipuleti endaweni equkethe ama-tannins ajiyile njengomthombo wekhabhoni kanye namandla. Ama-isolate akhonjwe ngokusekelwe ku-morphological, izici ze-biochemical kanye nokulandelana kofuzo kwe-16S rDNA. Isamba samagciwane angu-13 abekezelela i-tannin e-Gram-negative kanye ne-Gram-positive aqokwe njenge-G, GR2, A1, B2, D2, C1, GR1, D2, A2, B1, K, I kanye ne-C2 ahlukaniswa futhi akhonjwa njengamalungu e-Gram. -negative Escherichia sp. (6), i-Gram positive Enterococcus sp. (5) kanye nezinhlobo ze-Bacillus (1). Kuphinde kwahlonzwa uhlobo olusha lwe-Gram positive (B1) olunokufana nereferensi kusizindalwazi se-nucleotide ye-NCBI.
Esivivinyweni sesi-4, ama-bacterial isolate abekezelela i-tannin ahlolwa ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-endocellulase, i-exocellulase ne-xylanase enzyme ku-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), i-microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) kanye namapuleti e-agar e-xylan (XY), ngokulandelana, kulandelwa inqubo yokungcolisa i-iodine yegremu. Ama-Enzyme akhishwe ku-isolate ngayinye engaba khona futhi ukuhlolwa komsebenzi weenzyme kwenziwa ngokusekelwe ku-3,5 ye-dinitro-salicylic acid (DNS) indlela. Izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokufukamela kanye ne-pH kwabe sekulungiselelwa umsebenzi omkhulu we-exocellulase, endocellulase kanye ne-xylanases. Kwezihlukanisiwe zamabhaktheriya eziyi-13, izinhlobo ezimbili (15%) zikwazile ukusebenzisa i-CMC, i-MCC ne-XY, izinhlobo ezinhlanu (39%) zikwazile ukusebenzisa i-CMC ne-XY kanye nezinhlobo eziyisithupha (46%) azikwazanga ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi yalezi. amasubstrates. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lemisebenzi ye-enzyme (i-cellulase nexylanase) lalingu-40°C. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esifanele sokufukamela kanye ne-pH yahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo zamabhaktheriya.
Isiphetho, ama-microbes e-fibrolytic ahlonzwa ezinhlelweni ze-ruminant zasendle futhi ahlolwe ohlelweni lwezimbuzi. Umsebenzi owenziwe ngcono wefibrolytic ezimbuzini waqinisekiswa futhi ucwaningo lwathola amagciwane ayi-13 abekezelela i-tannin. Amagciwane e-fibrolytic abekezelela i-tannin ahlonzwe kulolu cwaningo kungenzeka ukuthi avela ngenxa yengcindezi yokudla kanye nemvelo, ikakhulukazi yezinhlelo zasendle, njengoba izilwane zivame ukudla ukudla kunetannin ephezulu endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi izingcindezi ezikhethiwe ezibekwe yilokhu kudla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziye zaholela ekuguqukeni kwemiphakathi ekhethekile yamagciwane afaneleka kangcono ukukhiqiza ama-enzyme aphula impahla yezitshalo ze-fibrous kanye nokukhipha imisoco phambi kwama-tannins. Ukuhlonza amagciwane e-fibrolytic abekezelela itannin kungasetshenziswa ukwenza izithasiselo ezingasiza ukuthuthukisa impilo yokugaya ukudla kanye nokumunca izakhamzimba zezimbuzi. Ucwaningo esikhathi esizayo luyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele izinzuzo zokushintsha imicrobiome yezilwane ezifuywayo ngamagciwane abekezelela ama-tannin avela endle
Victims of gender-based violence guidlines
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Work in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2023].Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive and alarming violation of human rights, reaching epidemic proportions in South Africa with a prevalence rate exceeding 50%. This study addresses the urgent need for effective social work interventions by developing comprehensive guidelines tailored to the unique challenges faced by GBV victims in Umhlathuze, KwaZulu-Natal. Resilience theory was used as the study's theoretical framework, the research unfolds through a phenomenological design involving social workers as purposively selected participants for this study.
The study's objectives encompassed a situational analysis of current social work interventions, exploration of social worker expertise in GBV, evaluation of stakeholder roles in victim empowerment, and the ultimate development of social work intervention guidelines for assisting victims of GBV. The Design and Development model, adapted from Rothman and Thomas (1994), guided the study through four phases: problem identification, data collection and literature synthesis, guideline design, and guideline development.
The key findings revealed a generalist approach in existing social work services for GBV victims, prompting the need for specialized intervention guidelines. The guidelines, informed by resilience theory, combined insights from existing programmes and literature, emphasising the integration of social work theories and legislation. Recommendations underscored continuous training for social workers to enhance their capacity in navigating policies and legislation pertinent to GBV interventions.
This study contributes a vital resource for social workers engaged in GBV intervention, offering a comprehensive framework informed by both theoretical underpinnings and practical considerations. The proposed guidelines address critical gaps in current practices, emphasising the importance of specialised training to strengthen the multifaceted role of social workers in combatting the pervasive issue of gender-based violence
Performance of emale leaders in a workplace.
No full textA Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Administration and Law in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Commerce in the Department of Public Administration at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2023].Women's political participation continues to be hampered by societal norms and expectations, gender biases, work-life balance, and flexibility, despite evidence showing how important it is for them to hold positions of power in the society, home, Church as well as in politics. While various studies have made strides in giving transformational leadership a prominent place in the leadership philosophy, no studies on the effects of female's transformational leadership on employee performance, and on organisational culture development, in the institutions located in the rural and semi-urban areas of Amajuba and Ugu District Municipalities have been done. Furthermore, transformational leadership practices have not been fully embraced because of resistance to change, lack of awareness and understanding of the concept, institutional and cultural barriers, lack of training and development as well as fear of backlash. This study explored female leadership, by critically analysing the influence of their transformational leadership style on employee performance and organisational culture development in two District Municipalities. The study used transformational leadership theory and interpretivism as a lens to examine the perceptions of employees from the two district municipalities. A qualitative research method was utilised to collect data from a purposively selected sample of four (4) General Managers, four (4) Senior Managers, six (6) Managers and eight (8) general employees who worked in the two district municipalities. The data was compared using inductive thematic analysis and the measurements on the coding processes proposed by Braun and Clarke. This study revealed that females as transformational leaders enhanced employee performance and organisational culture development in the organisations because they were empathetic and strategic, and they led with conscience. Furthermore, female transformational leaders established trust between leaders and followers by being role models. In addition, they were able to motivate employees by demonstrating the qualities of a leader willing to sacrifice their own interests. They had individual concern for each employee and were able to motivate employees to growth. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for future studies on gender-specific leadership in District Municipalities, as well as on how to handle such leadership. Furthermore, it can provide a chance to put theory into practice, as well as to assist researchers to understand how to obtain information on women’s transformational leadership and its effect on employee performance and organisational culture in the Amajuba and Ugu District Municipalities, as well as ways
to evaluate and present it in the process of making strategic and advanced judgments based on the theory and the possibility of gaining practical knowledge. The results can help South African policymakers, to make meaningful and desired modifications to reform initiatives when it comes to female empowerment. Policymakers can undoubtedly profit from some of the ideas and conclusions of this research project, which include numerous concepts used by international governments to promote women in all sectors. The research findings can further help government organisations and their management to determine how efficiently and effectively they can implement a policy or advanced strategy to intrinsically motivate their employees to improve work performance and achieve the desired organisational culture development.OKUHUNYUSHWE NGOLIMI LWESIZULU
ISIFINGQO
Ubuholi babantu besifazane kwezepolitiki buvela njalo bucindezeleka/bumfiliba noma zikhona izinkomba zokuthi kubaluleke kanganani ubuholi babo. Sekube nokucutshungulwa okuningi bobuholi obuletha uguquko, emkhakheni wezobuholi, kodwa akukaze lubekhona uphenyo ngoboholi obuletha uguquko lwabesifazane ezindaweni ezakhele isifunda saseMajuba nasoGwini. Lolucwaningo luzama-ke ukuvala lesosikhala ngokuba lubukele eduze uholo lwabesifazane oluletha inguquko, kwezokusebenza kanye nokwakha isiko Mpilo emsebenzini kwizisifunda saseMajuba nasoOgwini.
Lolucwaningo lusebenzise umkhakha wezobuholi obunenguquko kanye nohlelo lokubukela eduze ukuthi abantu jikele bayibuka kanjani impilo yabo yemihla ngemihla, ukuxhumana kanye nezimo zempilo abadlule kuzo. Lolucwaningo lusebenzise ucwaningo olubizwa ngekhwalithethi ukuqoqa ulwazi kubantu abahlonzwe ngenhloso, okuyilaba: iziphathimandla ezine, iziphathimandla eziphakathi ezine, iziphathimandlana eziyisithupha kanye nabasebenzi abajwayelekile abayishiyagalombili abavela Kwizifunda zombili zaseAmajuba nasOgwini. Ulwazi oluqoqiwe lona luqhathaniswe ngokohlelo luka Braun noClarke.
Lolucwaningo luveze ukuthi abesifazane abahola ngoguquko banamandla okuthuthukisa ezokusebenza nosiko Mpilo emsebenzini ngoba banozwelo, banobuyoninco futhi banonembeza ekuholeni. Luphinde lwaveza ukuthi abesifazane abanobuholi obuletha inguquko, bayakwazi ukwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwabaholi nabaholwayo. Futhi banegalelo elikhulu ukukhombisa abasebenzi ukuthi abaholi bamelwe ukuba babeke abanye phambili kunabo. Futhi lenhlobo yabaholi banonakekelo kumsebenzi nomsebenzi.
Lolucwaningo luzosiza kakhulu ocwaningeni olusayobakhona oluqondene nobuholi bobulili nendlela yokubuphatha. Luyosiza futhi abacwaningi bangomuso bathole ulwazi ngoholo lwabesifazane oluletha inguquko nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuqguqguzela isiko Mpilo kwizifunda zaseMajuba nasOgwini ukuze balethe olunye ulwazi olungaphezulu kolutholakele. Enye inhloso eyokuthi lolucwaningo lusize labo abaziphathimandla zaseNingizimu Afrika, balubukele eduze ngempela uholo lwabesifazane. Luyophinde lusize neziphathimandla zikwazi ukushaya imithetho eyoqguqguzela ukusebenza ngokuzimisela kanye nesikompilo kulezondawo abasebenza kuzo
Tripartite alliance impact in the ANC government in South Africa
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2023].This research claims that the ANC, COSATU, and SACP's Tripartite Alliance has had a volatile character ever since it was established in 1990. COSATU and the SACP have a farleft economic stance because they think that to solve South Africa's socioeconomic issues and the effects of apartheid, a socialist or communist society must be established. The tripartite alliance, according to this research, is an unusual form of government that consolidates the control of the African National Congress (ANC) as the dominant party through three parties,
each of which has a distinct ideological history and support base. The structure is a special place for defining agendas and formulating policies, and it frequently runs afoul of these methods and instructions. The National Development Plan (NDP) was finalized in 2012, and the Tripartite Alliance as a framework had reached an agreement on developmental policy measures before its creation. To guarantee that a policy is given a priority position on the public policy agenda, the formulation of public policy in South Africa needs the support of several political players. The transition from apartheid to the new democratic dispensation has left behind a complicated policy environment that has given rise to a particular set of circumstances for policymaking. The thesis demonstrates how the inherited "revolutionary" posture allowed competing groups within the alliance to give conflicting and controversial interpretations of the ideological makeup of the ANC government's policies using "critical discourse" analysis. The analysis also shows how such a position enabled succeeding ANC administrations to embrace the "Keynesian-reformism" narrative that served to defend the Neo-liberal macroeconomic policy framework. According to the theory, the government used
the ANC-led alliance's contradictory "revolutionary" position to further the interests of newly emerging black capitalists throughout the post-apartheid era. The Mbeki-Zuma leadership conflict sprang out of previous intra-Tripartite Alliance factional disputes, which provide fertile ground. The thesis investigates why the "revolutionary" posture taken by the ANC coalition throughout the lengthy racial liberation fight came to be the most polarising during the post-apartheid period. This study makes a strong case for the proposition that an alliance
is not a coalition but rather a union of ideological appearance and politeness. The National Democratic Revolution (NDR) is the vehicle through which this is most strongly represented. The study further clarifies that the NDR continues to be the ANC's major political artery and plays a crucial role in the discussions of public policy and important platforms for each Alliance Partner.
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ABSTRAK
Hierdie navorsing maak die bewering dat die ANC, COSATU en SAKP se Drieparty-lliansie
'n wisselvallige karakter gehad het sedert dit in 1990 gestig is. COSATU en die SAKP het 'n ver-linkse ekonomiese standpunt omdat hulle dink dat om Suid-Afrika se sosio-ekonomiese kwessies op te los en die uitwerking van apartheid, moet 'n sosialistiese of kommunistiese samelewing gevestig word. Die drieparty-alliansie, volgens hierdie navorsing, is 'n ongewone
regeringsvorm wat die beheer van die African National Congress (ANC) as die dominante arty konsolideer deur drie partye, wat elkeen 'n duidelike ideologiese geskiedenis en eunbasis het. Die struktuur is 'n spesiale plek om agendas te definieer en beleid te formuleer, en dit loop gereeld in stryd met hierdie metodes en instruksies. Die Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan (NOP) is in 2012 gefinaliseer, en die Drieparty Alliansie as 'n raamwerk het 'n ooreenkoms bereik oor ontwikkelingsbeleidsmaatreëls voor die skepping daarvan. Om te verseker dat 'n beleid 'n prioriteitsposisie op die openbare beleidsagenda kry, benodig die formulering van openbare beleid in Suid-Afrika die ondersteuning van verskeie politieke rolspelers. Die organg van apartheid na die nuwe demokratiese bedeling het 'n ingewikkelde
beleidsomgewing agtergelaat wat aanleiding gegee het tot 'n bepaalde stel omstandighede vir
beleidmaking. Die tesis demonstreer hoe die oorgeërfde "revolusionêre" houding mededingende groepe binne die alliansie toegelaat het om teenstrydige en kontroversiële interpretasies van die ideologiese samestelling van die ANC-regering se beleid te gee deur
gebruik te maak van "kritiese diskoers"-analise. Die ontleding toon ook hoe so 'n posisie opvolgende ANC-administrasies in staat gestel het om die "Keynesiaanse-reformisme"- narratief te omhels wat gedien het om die Neo-liberale makro-ekonomiese
eleidsraamwerk te verdedig. Volgens die teorie het die regering die ANC-geleide alliansie se teenstrydige “revolusionêre” posisie gebruik om die belange van nuut-opkomende swart kapitaliste regdeur die post-apartheid-era te bevorder. Die Mbeki-Zuma-leierskapskonflik het ontstaan uit vorige faksiegeskille tussen die drieparty-alliansie, wat vrugbare grond gebied het. Die tesis ondersoek waarom die "revolusionêre" houding wat die ANC-koalisie ingeneem het gedurende die lang rassebevrydingstryd die mees polariserende gedurende die post-apartheid tydperk geword het. Hierdie studie maak 'n sterk argument vir die stelling dat 'n alliansie nie 'n koalisie is nie, maar eerder 'n vereniging van ideologiese voorkoms en beleefdheid. Die Nasionale Demokratiese Revolusie (NDR) is die voertuig waardeur dit die sterkste verteenwoordig word. Die studie maak verder duidelik dat die NDR steeds die ANC se belangrikste politieke slagaar is en 'n deurslaggewende rol speel in die besprekings van openbare beleid en belangrike platforms vir elke Alliansievennote
freshwater cyanobacteria
No full textA Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2023].Commonly available antibiotics are increasingly becoming ineffective due to the
astronomic rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As a result, there is a need for the
discovery of new antibiotics and antioxidants from natural products.
Cyanobacteria possess a myriad of significant secondary metabolites among which
potential antibacterial and antioxidant could be found. The aim of this study was to
exploit the potential metabolite reservoir of cyanobacteria towards the development of
novel antimicrobial compounds. Freshwater cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermum
alatosporum NR125682.1 and Loriellopsis cavenicola NR117881.1, utilized in this
study were isolated from Vulindlela area, KwaZulu-Natal, SA. They were propagated
on BG-11 media, identified, and characterized through 16S rRNA sequencing. The
cyanobacteria were sequentially extracted with hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and
ethanol. The extracts were screened for their antioxidant capacity using DPPH, ABTS,
OH* radicals and metal chelating potential. The in silico molecular docking of the major
constituents of the extracts against β-lactamase was also evaluated.
The in vitro antibacterial potential of the extracts was evaluated using the broth microdilution
method against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative clinical
bacterial isolates. The effect of the extracts on the bacterial membranes was evaluated
using the lactate dehydrogenase assay. The efflux pump inhibitory potential was
investigated by measuring the percentage cytoplasmic accumulation of rhodamine.
Beta-lactamase inhibitory potential was investigated along with synergistic potential
when combined with erythromycin. The ability of the extracts to effect DNA damage
was also evaluated.
The crude extracts were moderate antioxidants, scavenging free radicals with IC50
range of 6-10 μg/ml and metal chelating efficiency IC50 values ranging from 44-72
μg/ml. Despite the encouraging (-6.6, -6.3 kJmol-1) binding affinity of some of the
phytochemicals in the extracts following molecular docking against beta-lactamase,
the in vitro inhibition of beta-lactamase indicates that all six extracts were poor
inhibitors of the enzyme with a high IC50 value of 5.6 mg/ml.
The ethanol crude extract of both isolates was the most efficient with a minimum MIC
value of 0.7 mg/ml against the tested resistant bacteria. The ethanol extract of
Loriellopsis cavenicola NR117881.1 effectively inhibited efflux pump activity, with up
to 60% rhodamine accumulation in the bacteria tested. The extracts effected cell
membrane damage on the tested bacteria. The extract also exhibited synergism when
combined with erythromycin against some of the tested bacteria. Only the DCM extract
of Loriellopsis cavenicola NR117881.1 effected DNA damage.
The various bioactivity exhibited by the extracts suggest potential for the development
of antibacterial and antioxidant active agents with multiple beneficial effects
A survey of non-Isizulu students’ attitudes towards learning Isizulu as a communicative language at a University in the Gauteng Province, Pretoria.
Get PDFSubmitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of African Languages and Culture, Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand.Several students come from different provinces and enrol at a University of Technology (UoT) in Gauteng for the Language Practice programme, because it offers a range of five indigenous African languages as subjects: isiZulu, Sepedi, Setswana, Tshivenda, and Xitsonga. Students who are not native speakers of these languages are expected to choose and learn one of them for communicative purposes. Nevertheless, when non-isiZulu students are offered isiZulu as an option to study, they seemed to be hesitant. Hence, this study aimed to discover the reasons for that perceived reluctance, and to determine if the sampled non-isiZulu students have negative attitudes toward learning isiZulu language, the language itself, and its speakers. The survey has sampled a total of 46 participants, only the Language Practice students within the university. A interpretivism paradigm was adopted in order to explore and understand the participants’ views, background and experiences on the current study, since it aimed to understand the human experience in the world and their impact on social reality. Furthermore, the study implemented a mixed research approach (qualitative and quantitative) which used questionnaires and semi structured interviews for data collection. The Attribution and Self Determination theories underpinned this study. The researcher used descriptive statistics to discuss the quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. It was found that non isiZulu language students have positive attitudes and used various approaches when learning isiZulu as an additional language at university level. Respondents and participants indicated that they realised the significance of learning isiZulu as an additional language and that they were of the view that learning isiZulu has many benefits and facilitates the promotion of the isiZulu language in South Africa
Service delivery for water provision
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Development Studies in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2023].The study aimed to explore water provision's impacts on rural areas of Alfred Duma Local Municipality. Rural areas under the jurisdiction of Alfred Duma Local Municipality are provided by the uThukela District Municipality with water via taps installed in their yards. The study was conducted in Alfred Duma rural communities. The objectives of the study were: to evaluate the quality of water governance of uThukela District Municipality for water provision to rural areas of Alfred Duma Local Municipality; to determine the accessibility, availability, and reliability of water supply to the rural households of Alfred Duma Local Municipality; and to identify recommended measures to address poor municipal water supply that affect social and economic development in the rural households of Alfred Duma Local Municipality.
The study adopted an exploratory research design as it focused on exploring the experiences of participants regarding municipal water supply by uThukela District Municipality in their rural areas. Therefore, the study adopted a qualitative research approach to be able to get more out of the participants. The population of the study comprised of the Alfred Duma Municipality councillor, uThukela District Municipality officials from the Department of Water and Sanitation, and Alfred Duma Local Municipality community members. The study made use of semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data to be analysed using thematic analysis.
The study discovered that there are gaps in water governance of uThukela District Municipality, since the communities they serve feel marginalised as they are without water supply that is within their right to have. The study discovered that the accessibility, availability and reliability of the municipal water supply for rural areas is inequitable and dirty, and therefore poor. The clinic, agricultural NPOs and small businesses are negatively affected. The community meetings are only held when there is a protest, and even when held issues raised on water are not addressed in a manner that satisfies the community needs. The communities rely on boreholes, rivers, wells, dams and rainwater harvesting using rain gutters. The communities travel long distances to get water for domestic purposes, and to keep businesses, schools, and NPOs running. The study discovered that the communities call for the establishment of more boreholes closer to households, dams to be released from privatisation, water trucks to be deployed weekly, and coordination, collaboration and cooperation to be adopted effectively in water governance
Introducing the import subtation in the King Cetshwayo District Municipality
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Zululand, South Africa [2023].The study looks at the efficacy of incorporating the import substitution industrialisation (ISI) theory into cooperatives, as a strategy to enhance rural development in the King Cetshwayo district municipality, South Africa. Studies indicate that people in the rural communities of less economically developed countries (LEDCs) are faced with a variety of challenges that have detrimental effects on their daily livelihoods. Studies claim that poverty, unemployment, and income inequality are among the main challenges that these countries endure. Cooperatives represent a resilient, vibrant, and viable economic development alternative for LEDCs. Subsequently, to address the above-mentioned challenges, people in rural areas work collectively in cooperatives in pursuit of economic growth and development. The study aims to incorporate the ISI theory into cooperatives, as a strategy to enhance the rural economic development process in the king Cetshwayo district Municipality. The study followed a qualitative approach and therefore used qualitative data collection and analysis tools. The study used the Interpretivist paradigm. The use of this paradigm was largely influenced by the credence that interpretivism is anxious with the understanding of complex human behaviour and social settings. The exploratory research design was also followed using a phenomenological method to help explore the thoughts, experiences, and perceptions of the selected participants regarding cooperatives and their role in combating poverty, unemployment, and income inequality in King Cetshwayo district. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, focused group discussions, and document analysis. A non-probability sampling technique was used to purposefully select participants for this study. The data was analysed using Atlas.ti. The study discovered that as much as cooperatives do exist their current role has minimal impact in combating poverty, unemployment, and income inequality. The study revealed that cooperative members need to change their mind-set regarding the establishment and running of cooperatives. The study recommends that to strengthen cooperatives, the government should prioritise revisiting the legal framework governing cooperatives. Policies that seek to safeguard and protect cooperatives as local producers from mainstream producers and imports must be established. Incorporating the ISI traditions and ideologies in the conception of cooperatives will ensure that cooperatives thrive sustainably. The study further discovered that the ISI theory can be effective in enhancing the role of cooperatives in the rural development process, which will ultimately help combat the pressing issues of poverty, unemployment, and income inequality in the rural and marginalized communities of South Africa