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Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master ofa thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in applied mathematics of the namibia university of science and technology.
No full textIt seems that during the last decades, no research was done which is related to the Steinitz
exchange theorem. However, the generalised Steinitz exchange theorem has been investigated
in books and articles . The generalized Steinitz exchange theorem is not a theorem of linear
algebra but for reaching generalization of the Steinitz exchange theorem which has applications
for example in eld theory, in the theory of abelian groups and in module theory.
The objective of this study was to prove the Steinitz exchange theorem of linear algebra for
arbitrary vector spaces over arbitrary division rings. Nearly all books on linear algebra which
have the Steinitz exchange theorem explicitly state and prove this theorem only for nitely
generated vector spaces. Only one exception can be found. In another source, the Steinitz
exchange theorem is proved under the additional assumption, that the linearly independent
subset is nite.
In this study the exchange theorem of Steinitz is proved in full generality with the means of
linear algebra. The statement of the theorem of Steinitz is a statement of the following type:
under certain conditions there exists a set with certain properties.The question when this set is
uniquely determined could be completely solved. In addition, an application of the theorem of
Steinitz is presented. This is the classical application which was given already by Gra mann:
Any two bases of a vector space are equipotent.
The rst chapter is about the basic concepts of the study. The second chapter reviews the
relevant literature and outlines the methodology used in the study. The literature review is
mainly about the generalized theorem of Steinitz, but also include the versions of the Steinitz
exchange theorem found in books of linear algebra. The third chapter presents the results of
the study with proofs. The study is concluded in the last chapter with proposals for further
study
Investigating the effects of smallholder cowpeas farmers' management practices on soil fertility: A case study of the Kavango region, Namibia
No full textThe declining trend of soil fertility of smallholder farms due to continuous land cultivation is a factor that limits crop production and threatens food security. Improving soil fertility is a major concern for the farmers, researchers and the government. Most smallholder farmers have scarce resources to invest in chemical fertilizers, composts, etc. to improve soil fertility. The planting of legume has been promoted by the researcher in that it can improve soil fertility by the nitrogen fixation process and this can be some form of affordable technology for the farmers. However, how long legume fixation becomes significant is still not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of smallholder cowpea farmers’ management practices on soil fertility. The cross-sectional data were collected through questionnaires from 90 households in the Kavango East and West regions of Namibia which were used for the present analysis. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were used to outline the responses. The principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimension of data to avoid multicollinearity. PCA was performed using the eigenvalue and vector of 10 principal components. The eigenvalue of the first 10 principal components (PC1-PC10) was greater than 0.9 and their cumulative variance proportion was 72.07 percent. Multinomial logit was also used to determine factors that affect farmers’ soil management practices. The result from multinomial logit model showed that farming experience, planting date, climatology services transportation/extension services and access to farm tools and gender significantly influence planting millet only or intercrop millet with cowpea at 5 percent level of probability. The Wilcoxon rank test was used to ascertain the effects of cowpea on soil fertility for a season. The results showed that there was no significant influence of planting cowpea between the 2017 and 2019 growing season (p-value=0.103). The only significant difference occurred between the farmers’ regions (p-value =0.009). The farmers in the Kavango East region had an average higher score. The difference in soil fertility in the two regions may be due to the different soils in the regions. It is recommended that improving the policy on access to climatology service, transportation/extension service, and farm tools can help the farmers to make a better decision on farming practices that can improve their soil fertility. There is also a need to find an innovative way to meet food security and improve soil fertility for the smallholder farmers. This should be based on the direct benefit to the farmers and soil improvement
A functional stylistics interpretation of Amathila’s Making a Difference and Ekandjo’s The Jungle Fighter
No full textTHESIS PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGLISH AND APPLIED LINGUISTICS AT THE NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Supervisor: Prof Haileleul Zeleke Woldemariam
Co-Supervisor: Dr Niklaas Frederick
21 February 2020The study explored the meaning conveyed by the use of different metafunctions of language in Amathila’s Making a Difference and Ekandjo’s The Jungle Fighter. The study, through the Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) theory, describes the different functions of the three metafunctions of language as used in the two selected autobiographies. The study investigated how the authors of the selected autobiographies implement the ideational functions of language in line with modification, apposition and coordination. It explored the use of interpersonal functions of language in line with mood, modality and person. It has also examined how coherence is built by making use of the textual function of language in the two autobiographies. The study identified the use of specified elements of different metafunctions from the two texts and examines how these elements give multiple meanings on the basis of the readers’ judgments and interpretations. The study is a qualitative research because the researcher was interested in understanding the meaning that the authors constructed. The analysis of the two texts was done by using a content analysis method. The study found that both Amathila and Ekandjo make use of the specified elements of the three metafunctions of language to express their intents through their stories. It revealed that ideational elements are mainly used to provide extra information and to create connections in these stories. The authors use interpersonal elements to express their own view point of things and they use textual elements to create logic and build coherence in the autobiographies. The study concluded that to understand written stories, meaning should be explored and basically understood to the full examination of the different elements of the three metafunctions used by authors. The study recommends that the implementation of the three metafunctions of language in Namibian texts should be widely explored
Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Sciences in the Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences
No full textInfertility is a worldwide burden that requires attention, and yet has been largely unappreciated and understudied, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa where there is a high prevalence. The stigma of infertility among African women is a serious socio-economic concern that needs to be tackled and alleviated. Infertility has been defined as a couple’s failure to conceive after continuous and unprotected coitus for one year or six months, depending on the age of the female counterpart. Although infertility can be caused by both male and female factors, the female is often to blame and bear the consequences, particularly in cultures that have placed a high premium on children such as those found in Africa. This study therefore, explored the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment on pregnancy outcomes and assessed possible risk factors that lead to infertility among Namibian women
Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
No full textSharps Injuries (SIs) are a major occupational health and safety issue facing health care professionals today. According to Shiao, McLaws, Huang and Guo (2002), nursing staff are at greatest risk, especially nursing students due to their limited clinical knowledge and lack of experience. Literature on sharps injuries amongst HCWs shows extensively varying numbers of 1.4 up to 9.5 per 100 HCWs per year worldwide (Elseviers, Arias-Guillen, Gorke & Arens, 2014). According to the National Health Training Centres (NHTCs) official website, the Enrolled Nurse/Midwifery Training program students are required to acquire theoretical and practical knowledge in the classroom set-up during the training period (National Health Training Centres [NHTCs], 2018). In addition, students are expected to complete practical learning attachments in hospitals where they are expected to perform invasive procedures that put them at risk of experiencing potentially infectious SIs. This study was conducted with the purpose of establishing the epidemiology of sharps injuries amongst the study population. The study adopted a cross-sectional study design using an anonymous structured self-administered questionnaire as a data collection tool within the framework of a survey procedure. The data were investigated and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software, version 22. The study findings yield that 19.5% of respondents experienced a sharps injury during their training period. The study highlights that the most common reason for injury (6 out of 22 respondents) was the uncapping or recapping needles during injection of patients. This suggests that more emphasis should be accorded to the safety aspects around this procedure. Eighty one percent (18 out of 22) of injuries were self-inflicted while eighteen percent indicated that the needle stick injuries were caused by another person.
The NHTCs nursing curriculum committee should revisit the course content on sharps safety, especially on the injection procedure which account for (50%) of SIs experienced by the study subjects. Emphasis should be placed on the correct use of protective clothing/devices. An evaluation should be done to that effect to ascertain competency
Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Computer Science in the Department of Computer Science at the NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
No full textThe Internet offers children incredible opportunities by enhancing their communication, social connections and technical skills. But it can't just guarantee them a secure environment. With no experience and knowledge, children's behaviours potentially expose them to cyber criminals as they share information innocently and become friends with strangers. Cyber security threats are highly present in social media and many people don't know about them. In particular, children voluntarily reveal personal and private details about themselves from which cybercrimes can emerge either in their real world or in the virtual world, if this shared information ends up in the wrong hands. This is most likely due to previous knowledge or exposure of the children on the Internet. This study sought to examine the online habits and actions of children who are vulnerable to cybercrimes and evaluated suitable behaviour influencing tools for children’s online activities. Employing a design science research method began with a comprehension of the problem. This was achieved by analysing the literature and the research findings that were self-constructed, as well as the use of open-ended questionnaires and close-ended questions. Once the problem was identified, the next step was to identify ideas which could solve the problem. These ideas were taken from the domains which were considered important to solve the problem. The behaviour influencing algorithm was then designed and evaluated following the literature and persuasion theory, as a solution to overcome the children’s insecure behaviour problem online. The vital contribution of the research is that it can benefit children that will be introduced to this algorithm by influencing and assisting them on how to securely behave online. In addition, the thesis provides contributions to the knowledge base by identifying and analysing the online activities and behaviours of children which can expose children to cybercrimes and it also provided some guidelines on how to influence children’s online behaviour, which can be used elsewhere in the world
Transformative learning in the era of AI - How can machine learning propel deep learning at NUST
No full textPresentation by Maurice Nkusi, Acting Director: Teaching and Learning Unit (TLU) at the opening ceremony of the NUST academic year, 27 January 2020
Interrogating the narrative “#MenAreTrash” in Namibian women’s spoken poetry with a focus on Gender Based Violence
No full textThesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English and Applied Linguistics at the Namibia University of Science and Technology.This study aims to examine and interrogate the narrative that #MenAreTrash as highlighted in selected Namibian women’s poems, Cadaver by Faustina M Namatshana (2018), You Broke Me, Daddy by Jane “LuNa” Mungabwa (2018), Trauma by Jane S. Mungabwa (2017) This is to you men by the side of the road by Emma Vilho (2008), Your Rape is not different from mine (2017) and Daddy Issues (2018) by Lydia October, The Absence of a Man (2019) and Childhood Trauma (2016) by Jacobina Tangi Uushona. The study will fully provide separate insight into the writings of these Namibian poets as well as the texts combined in terms of the narrative and other relating issues such as patriarchy, abuse and the many forms it is represented in the poems, Electra complex, Daddy issues, Carrying the baggage, abandonment and how these women have used their writing to create a new identity for themselves as well as overcome their trauma and becoming resilient
An analysis of the risks collisions between aircraft and vultures in Namibia
No full textCollisions between aircraft and birds and other animals occur frequently and are known in the aviation industry as wildlife strikes. They are considered to be one of the most serious safety and financial risks to the global aviation industry. The International Civil Aviation Organisation, a United Nations specialised Agency, requires that the appropriate authority shall take action to eliminate or to prevent the establishment of any source which may attract wildlife to the aerodrome, or its vicinity, unless an appropriate wildlife assessment indicates that they are unlikely to create conditions conducive to a wildlife hazard problem. Namibian airports reduce the wildlife strike risk by managing the airport habitat and actively chasing birds and other hazardous animals away. The bird strike risk in airspace between airports is not managed or assessed in Namibia. Following one White-Backed Vulture strike and several reports of near-misses with vultures by pilots of small aircraft, this study investigated possible collision hotspot areas considering small commercial aircraft flight paths and vulture movement areas. The study used spatial proximity analysis and temporal overlap to compare telemetry and nesting location data for the three most commonly encountered vulture species to flight paths and times of small commercial aircraft. Collision risk hotspots were identified over three national parks: Etosha, Waterberg and the Pro-Namib portion of the Namib-Naukluft. Ascending from, or approaching, Hosea Kutako International Airport from the east was identified as a particular risk for White-backed Vulture conflict, while risk of Lappet-faced vulture strikes was high to the east of Walvis Bay airport. Flight times of vultures and aircraft corresponded greatly, increasing the collision risk. The recommendations of this work are that pilots of small commercial aircraft should be made aware of particular risk areas, and that landing at Hosea Kutako from the east, or taking off in an easterly direction should be minimised when wind conditions allow, to reduce vulture collision risk
A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AT THE NAMIBIA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
No full textIn recent years, ad-hoc wireless networks have experienced an increase in popularity and usage due to their flexibility and the ability to provide connectivity from anywhere, at any time. Ad-hoc wireless network provides mobile communications to nodes in situations where the participating nodes are not in need of existing network infrastructure. The detection of malicious nodes is hard to achieve due to its dynamic nature of nodes mobility, lack of infrastructure and the nature of the wireless channel. Most traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are designed to operate in a centralized manner, and do not operate properly in MANET as data in mobile ad-hoc networks are distributed in different network devices.
Hierarchical Cooperative Intrusion Detection Method (HCIDM) is a distributed intrusion detection mechanism that uses collaboration between nodes to detect active attacks against the routing table of a mobile ad-hoc wireless network. HCIDM operation reduces the effectiveness of the attack by informing other nodes about the existence of the malicious nodes, its operating mode and keeps the performance of the network within an acceptable level. The novelty of the mechanism lies in the way the responsibility to protect the network is distributed among nodes, the trust level is computed and the information about the presence of a malicious activity is communicated to potential victims, that is, nodes within the radio range of the attacker. HCIDM operates as a middle box between the network traffic and the routing protocol. HCIDM is tested using the Network Simulator (NS-2) in an AODV-enabled mobile ad hoc wireless network. The accuracy and the efficiency of HCIDM are tested during a black hole attack in a network with mobile nodes, starting with a small network topology and increasing the number of nodes to test its performance in a large network. The throughput, delay and packet loss are used as metrics for evaluating the performance of HCIDM