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Computational model to estimate new energy solutions in existing buildings
No full textMainly due to actions that aim to decelerate climate change, existing buildings are actively updated with new energy solutions. These typically aim to increase energy efficiency and to enhance the utilization of renewables. When the possibilities to produce, to consume and to store energy are manifold, and when the topical themes of peak shaving and demand response are taken into account, we a dealing with a complex field and vast number of variables in building’s energy management. To find optimal solutions for these situations, Smart Case NZEB (Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings) was initiated. Smart Case NZEB is a Finnish-German joint-project, which aimed to find optimized energy solutions for modern buildings. The project was carried out in collaboration between Universities of Applied Sciences in Tampere (Finland) and in Munich (Germany), several companies were also involved. The development of the model presented in this paper bases on the simulation requirements set by the project. In order to support detailed and quite complicated IDA ICE modelling, we needed a simple and reliable model to simulate the effects of new energy solutions in existing buildings. Such solutions include, for example, electric and thermal energy storages for peak shaving of grid power and district heating. Reliable operation of simple computational model is based on calibration with measured data, after which the model can be used to estimate the effects of new energy solutions. In this paper we present the principle of the model and simulation results of the target building used in the project
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of simultaneous electron and oxygen vacancy movement in ferroelectric HfO2
Get PDFThe aim of this thesis was to improve a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of electron movement in a dielectric by including the movement of oxygen vacancies. Starting from the code implemented by G. Jegert during his PhD study, new features has been added and a few adaptions to the new point of interest were made. New defect types, tunneling assisted Poole-Frenkel effect, two interface layers and the movement of oxygen vacancies were added among various smaller changes. The final time depending simulation with a constant bias electric field dealt with the question on the influence of the conduction band offset on the spatial distribution and the types of the defects. It was shown that for a low offset the defects are mainly neutral, while a higher offset led to a higher positive charge, where the majority of the defects were charged double positive. These positive charged vacancies moved to the cathode where there was an accumulation of defects, while the bulk of the dielectric remains almost defect free. Since the charged defects inhibit the changing of the polarization of the dielectric the offset can be adjusted rather low, so that the majority of the defects is neutral. At the same time a lower offset leads to a higher leakage current, since the energetic barrier for Schottky emission is lowered.Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Verbesserung einer kinetischen Monte Carlo-Simulation der Elektronenbewegung in einem Dielektrikum durch das Hinzufügen der Bewegung von Sauerstoffvakanzen. Ausgehend von einem Code, den G. Jegert im Rahmen seiner Dissertation erstellte, wurden neue Funktionen implementiert und die Simulation an die neue Fragestellung
angepasst. Neue Defekttypen, durch Tunneln assistierte Poole-Frenkel-Emission, zwei Randschichten und die Bewegung der Sauerstoff-Fehlstellen wurden neben einigen kleineren Änderungen implementiert. Die abschließende zeitabhängige Simulation mit einem konstanten elektrischen Feld behandelte die Frage, wie der Bandoffset des Leitungsbandes sich auf die räumliche Verteilung und die Ladung der Defekte auswirkt. Es wurde gezeigt, dass bei einem geringen Offset ein Großteil der Defekte neutral, bei einem größeren die meisten Defekte doppelt positiv geladen sind. Diese positiven Defekte migrierten zu der Kathode, wo es infolge eine Ansammlung der Defekte gibt, während der mittlere Bereich des Dielektrikums weitestgehend defektfrei bleibt. Da die geladenen Defekte das Ändern der Polarisation eines ferroelektrischen Dielektrikums behindern, sollte die Höhe des Leitungsbandes eher gering sein, um den Verlust an Zuverlässigkeit zu verringern. Ein niedriges Leitungsband im Dielektrikum führt allerdings auch zu einem erhöhten Leckstrom, was an der niedrigeren Schottky-Barriere liegt
Differentielle Privatsphäre mittels synthetischer Datengenerierung
Get PDFBei der Analyse von Unternehmensdaten muss auf den Schutz der Privatsphäre geachtet werden. Differentiell private Ansätze zur synthetischen Datengenerierung ermöglichen es, ein geeignetes Schutzniveau festzulegen. Mit ihnen können Daten einfacher zugänglich gemacht und ausgewertet werden. Deshalb wird einerseits die Qualität der Ergebnisse zweier Ansätze anhand geeigneter Metriken evaluiert. Andererseits befasst sich die Bachelorarbeit mit der speichereffizienten Integration solcher Verfahren in eine Cloud-Plattform. Durch Verwendung des Design Science Research Forschungsansatzes entstand eine Software, welche die Forschungsfragen beantwortet. Bei der Implementierung wurde darauf geachtet, dass die Datenvorverarbeitung für grundlegende Datentypen automatisiert und differentiell privat erfolgen kann. Zudem wurde eine Möglichkeit für Anwender-/innen geschaffen, um Spalten gezielt anonymisieren oder löschen zu können. Die Software wurde verwendet, um mit beiden Ansätzen synthetische Versionen von zwei Ausgangsdateien zu erstellen. Bei der Evaluierung der Qualität erzielte der MST Ansatz das beste Gesamtergebnis im Vergleich zu PATE-CTGAN. Die Verteilungen der Werte und die Zusammenhänge zwischen Spalten waren bei der Synthese mit MST am ähnlichsten. Hingegen wies PATE-CTGAN bei der Anwendung von Klassifikationsverfahren im Durchschnitt eine höhere Genauigkeit auf. Eine Betrachtung der Ressourcenauslastung zeigte, dass MST ressourcenschonender ist. Die prototypische Integration in eine cloudbasierte Plattform ermöglicht Datenanalysen unter Gewährleistung von differentieller Privatsphäre. Mit einem Webinterface können beliebige SQL-Abfragen zur Datenauswertung ausgeführt werden. Der Speicherbedarf ließ sich durch die Erstellung von Modellen und einer bedarfsorientierten Datengenerierung senken
Biography work with the use of playback theatre in the context of an inpatient youth welfare facility
Get PDFMüller, Eliana Carola. 2023. Biografiearbeit mit Einsatz des Playback Theaters im Rahmen einer stationären Einrichtung der Jugendhilf
Experimental determination of the strength of toughened glass in the area of near-edge holes
No full textFor tempered glass, edge distances for drilled holes in point-fixed glazing must be observed. For production reasons, the European product standard EN 12150 for thermally toughened safety glass requires a minimum edge distance of two times the thickness t. When transferring loads from the glass pane, it is necessary to consider whether and to what extent residual stresses of the tempering process are present in the remaining area between the edge and the hole. The German design standard DIN 18008-3 specifies a blanket distance to the edge of 80 mm for cylindrical holes, which is frequently undercut in construction practice. In this case, the strength of the tempered glass used may not be applied for structural analysis, and only the strength of annealed glass may be assumed instead. Because of this discrepancy, this study experimentally investigated the strength behavior of toughened glass with cylindrical near-edge holes via photoelasticity and destroying four-point bending test. The pre-stress zones of a glass pane are qualitatively compared using the monochrome wavelength photoelasticity method, and the surface compressive stress is measured at points near the hole. Then, the fracture stress of the drilled specimen is determined by four-point bending tests and the necessary numerical simulation using the finite element method of the bending test. The various test methods are intended to provide information on the distribution of the residual stresses and thus on the strength of the toughened glass when the edge distance is lower than the distance required in DIN 18008-3—and by this update the rules
Development of an autonomous mobile mapping robot by combining the NavVis VLX with the Boston Dynamics SPOT
Get PDFReality capturing a construction site or enterprise manufacturing hall with a laser scanner results in a digital twin of the environment. Generating a digital twin in regular intervals is useful to plan and manage the facility as well as to check its up-to-date status virtually. Commonly, a mobile scan of the facility takes several hours to accomplish and should take place during non-working hours to decrease the chance of capturing moving objects degrading the scan accuracy. The repeated execution of manual scans is therefore restricted to time slots at night and on weekends and increases the personnel costs.
To overcome the time restrictions and to reduce the personnel cost for repeated scans, an autonomous mobile mapping robot was developed within this thesis. This robot is able to autonomously traverse harsh and changing environments based on a predefined path while scanning and taking 360_ pictures of the surroundings. Therefore, the mobile laser scanner NavVis VLX was mounted on the quadruped robot SPOT from Boston Dynamics. Communication between the robot and the laser scanner enables the simultaneous control of both devices. The user can plan the execution of an autonomous scanning mission with a graphical user interface and the execution itself does not require an operator and is reliably successful. The autonomous scan was proven to have a precise repeatability and coverage of the planned trajectory even with obstacles blocking the original path. In addition, the accuracy of the scan meets the specifications of a classical VLX scan resulting in an accurate representation of the reality
Geotourismus : Entwicklung und Diskussion einer innovativen geotouristischen Karte zur Verknüpfung von geologischen und (natur-)touristischen Inhalten am Beispiel des Westeifel Vulkanfelds
Get PDFDie vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Möglichkeit einer Verknüpfung von geologischen, topographischen und (natur-)touristischen Karteninhalten, mit dem Ziel, eine innovative geotouristische Karte zu entwickeln, welche Geotouristen und Laien mit Naturverbundenheit für geologische Themen sensibilisiert. Exemplarisch wird als Untersuchungsgebiet das Meerfelder Maar mit der benachbarten Mosenberg-Vulkangruppe ausgewählt, welches sich innerhalb des UNESCO Geoparks Vulkaneifel befindet und eine vielfältige vulkanologische Vergangenheit aufweist. Grundlage für die Erstellung des analogen Endproduktes ist die von Georg Büchel herausgegebene vulkanologische Karte West- und Hocheifel. Geotouristische und kartographische Leitlinien bestimmen maßgeblich die Gestaltung der Karte. Das exemplarische Endprodukt wurde von Dritten, wozu auch Fachexperten gehören, begutachtet. Dabei wurden Design, Orientierungsmöglichkeit und Inhaltsdichte der Karte unterschiedlich bewertet. Eine übereinstimmende Befürwortung besteht hingegen für das in dieser Arbeit dargelegte Grundkonzept. Nach Einschätzung des Autors können ein geologisches Alleinstellungsmerkmal sowie eine geotouristische Erschließung (z.B. durch einen Geopark) für die Methodik jedoch von Vorteil sein
Social factors of health-related quality of life in older adults: a multivariable analysis
Get PDFPurpose: The objective of the analysis was to examine the relationships between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioural factors and both physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults.
Methods: The analysis was based on recent cross-sectional data of 1687 community residents from a whole population postal survey of German adults aged 65 years and older (33% response rate, 52% female, mean age 76 years). HRQOL was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36v2). For a differentiated analysis, hierarchical multiple linear regressions were performed.
Results: An internal health locus of control, physical activity, social support, and income were positively associated with physical HRQOL (Adj. R 2 = 0.34; p < 0.001) and mental HRQOL (Adj. R 2 = 0.18; p < 0.001), whereas an external health locus of control and age were negatively associated with both. Alcohol use and educational level were positively associated only with physical HRQOL, whilst female gender was negatively associated only with mental HRQOL.
Conclusion: Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioural factors were associated with physical and mental HRQOL. These results highlight the importance of social factors in HRQOL and provide approaches for policy and practice to develop and implement tailored health interventions for older adults. Our findings may be transferable to municipalities in metropolitan areas of high-income European countries. Clinical trial registration: Not applicable
Cold spray forming : a novel approach in cold spray additive manufacturing of complex parts using 3D-printed polymer molds
No full textThe solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) process cold spraying (CS) offers advantageous properties such as melt-free near-net-shape part fabrication and high deposition rates. Compared to other metal-based AM processes such as the powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) or directed energy deposition (DED) processes such as laser metal deposition (DED-LB), CS features lower part resolution. One solution to increase the achievable level of detail is spraying onto removable molds. No study exists that investigates the general feasibility and manufacturing boundaries, from which design guidelines could be derived. In this paper, the applicability of material extruded and thermally bonded polymer (MEX-TRB/P) shapes, which is especially suitable for flexible low-cost production of small batches, as molds for cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is investigated. For this purpose, material extruded thermoplastics are examined regarding their suitability for the CS process. Furthermore, geometrical and thus constructive restrictions of this new approach “Cold Spray Forming” (CSF) are analyzed using an industry-relevant use case. It was shown that the feasibility of this approach could be determined by the material value hardness of the sprayed polymer substrates
IT-Report für die Sozialwirtschaft 2023
No full textDigitale Technologien in sozialen Organisationen;
Der Branchensoftware-Markt;
Fazit und ausgewählte Kennzahlen;
Anhang: Anbieter von Branchenlösunge