HFTor - HfT Open Repository (Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart)
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Storing quality validation results in CityGML with the QualityADE
No full textAbstract. In this paper a concept for storing validation information in CityGML as an extension is proposed. This work is an extension of our previous work in which we improve and evaluate more of the validation process and the data storage itself (Betz and Coors, 2021). With this model companies, states and municipalities can manage the quality of their 3D models based on CityGML more easily. The information can be further used in other application software to improve their handling of imperfect 3D models as their input. Without quality information it is almost always unknown whether an issue stems from a problem in their application or from errors in the input data itself. CityGML creators can now distribute CityGML files with the quality information contained in them providing a standardized way of storing the data alongside the 3D models. The quality management information also further improves the process of 3D data creation. As issues are detected with a proper quality management tool and stored in the data, the validation information can be used to find problems in the workflow and remove them
Understanding the Nutri-Score: An analysis of consumer label understanding.
No full textAim: Consumers need guidance to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy foods to reduce the risk of diet-related diseases. The Nutri-Score can be an effective prompt that influences dietary choices by highlighting healthy options. The label’s effectiveness depends on how well consumers understand it. This study addresses a research gap by examining consumers’ conceptual understanding of the Nutri-Score and comparing it with their objective and subjective understanding of the label.
Subject and methods: A quantitative online survey was conducted with 156 German consumers.
Results: The results reveal insights into how well consumers understand the Nutri-Score, highlighting areas requiring further attention. The average level of objective understanding of the Nutri-Score was 84.7%, the level of subjective understanding was 69.3%, and the level of conceptual understanding was 62.5%. The three types of understanding did not correlate with each other. In terms of conceptual understanding, knowledge gaps were related to the interpretation of colors, reference values, and the impact of salt and sweeteners on the Nutri-Score calculation.
Conclusion: Different forms of assessing understanding of the Nutri-Score should be considered in research. Since significant knowledge gaps exist in consumers’ conceptual understanding, an information campaign is required to promote the correct use of the Nutri-Scor
Employee performance as a predictor of turnover: a machine learning approach in the DACH region
No full textPurpose
Predicting employee turnover is a major challenge for organisations. While this topic has been studied for over a century, most research relies on specially collected data that may not reflect the data companies can access. As a result, many business applications fail due to data limitations or legal restrictions. This study aims to explore how including employee performance data can improve the accuracy of turnover predictions.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors analysed data from 1,518 sales employees in Germany, Switzerland and Austria, including human resource (HR) records, employee satisfaction surveys and performance data. A machine learning model was used to predict employee turnover.
Findings
The results show that turnover prediction is most accurate when performance data is included, with an accuracy score of 0.8998. Models without performance data perform significantly worse, which highlights the strong impact of performance data on predicting employee turnover.
Originality/value
This study contributes to turnover research by demonstrating and quantifying how employee performance metrics improve prediction accuracy. Unlike many studies that rely on artificial data sets, the authors use real-world company data and can thus offer insights that are relevant to HR professionals and business leaders
Assessing the Real-World Impact of Disagreement Between Human Graders and LLMs
No full textAbstract
Applying artificial intelligence models to grade student answers is a popular application. Lately Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results. However, the disagreement between human graders and LLMs is often considered too large for practical adoption. In this paper, we investigate the real-world impact of this disagreement on final grades. Instead of focusing on individual answers, we simulate the grading process of an entire exam. We use an unmodified LLM (OpenAI GPT-3.5 Turbo) with one-shot prompting for grading individual answers to short answer questions from computer science courses at a German university. Our main contributions are the evaluation of the real-world impact on examination grades in contrast to correctness of individual student answers, the simulation of grading strategies common in human grading practice, and the discussion of the results in the context of observed inter-rater variabilities among human graders. The findings confirm the natural expectation that the impact of the disagreement is lower for final grades than when looking at individual answers. We quantify this effect and compare it to a grading obtained by simulating a second human grader
Abwärme von Haushaltskühlgeräten : Untersuchung von Strategien zur Reduktion des Kühlbedarfs und thermischer Belastungen in Innenräumen mittels thermischer Simulationen und experimenteller Messungen
Get PDFDie Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit der Untersuchung von Strategien zur Reduktion des Kühlbedarfs und thermischer Belastungen in Innenräumen durch Haushaltskühlgeräte. Ziel ist es, das Potenzial der Abwärme solcher Geräte zu analysieren und innovative Ansätze für deren Wärmeabführung zu entwickeln.
Die Arbeit umfasst eine detaillierte Potenzialanalyse, die zeigt, dass handelsübliche Kühlgeräte durch gezielte Abwärmeabführung zur Verbesserung der thermischen Behaglichkeit beitragen können. Mithilfe thermischer Simulationen und experimenteller Messungen werden verschiedene Szenarien untersucht, darunter Haushaltsanwendungen sowie alternative Einsatzbereiche wie kleine Gewerbeeinheiten.
Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die gezielte Abführung der Abwärme im Sommer eine signifikante Reduktion der Raumtemperatur bewirken kann, während sie im Winter zur Heizungsunterstützung genutzt werden kann. Durch den Versuchsaufbau konnte die Machbarkeit des Konzepts an einem Einzelgerät demonstriert werden. Zudem zeigen die wirtschaftlichen Analysen, dass es sich hierbei um eine kostengünstige Nachrüstlösung handelt, die eine effiziente Alternative zum Einbau eines Klimageräts in kleingewerblichen Anwendungen darstellt.
Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit bieten nicht nur einen Beitrag zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in Gebäuden, sondern setzen auch den Grundstein für weiterführende Untersuchungen zur Optimierung, Skalierung und Ausarbeitung dieses Systems
Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Enhanced Management and Efficiency of Urban Infrastructure in Smart Cities
Get PDFIntegrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers transformative potential for managing urban infrastructure within the framework of smart cities. The thesis explores the integration of BIM and GIS through three stages: a literature review to identify challenges and opportunities, a prototype model demonstrating practical applications, and actionable guidelines to support stakeholders in urban planning and infrastructure management.
A literature review establishes the theoretical foundation, highlighting the complementary roles of BIM and GIS, existing standards like ISO 19650 and CityGML, and the barriers to seamless integration, including data interoperability, semantic inconsistencies, and technical complexities. The review further examines key concepts such as BIM dimensions, and LOD concepts in BIM and GIS, which define the granularity of information at various stages of project workflows. Additionally, widely adopted classification systems, such as UniClass, OmniClass, and DIN 276, are discussed for their role in standardizing data organization and enhancing interoperability.
The study develops a prototype model, leveraging tools such as ArcGIS Pro, Revit, and GDAL, to demonstrate the integration of real-world datasets from Stuttgart, Germany. The prototype incorporates digital terrain models, cadastral data, and 3D building geometries, employing various integration methods, including direct use of BIM files, geodatabase conversion, and Building Scene Layers. These methods are evaluated for their advantages, limitations, and applicability to diverse urban planning scenarios.
The research provides actionable best practices based on insights from the literature review and prototype development. These include developing a clear understanding of project objectives, establishing standardized data workflows to address interoperability challenges, defining clear roles for stakeholders, and fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration. The recommendations highlight the importance of leveraging appropriate software solutions and ensuring consistent use of spatial reference systems throughout the project to enhance accuracy and facilitate seamless integration.
This thesis concludes that BIM-GIS integration is a critical enabler for smart city initiatives, offering a framework for managing urban infrastructure. Future research should explore the application of emerging technologies, such as digital twins and IoT, to further advance the integration of BIM and GIS in dynamic urban environments
OGC-AI: A Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model Interface for Open Geospatial Consortium Web Services
No full textAbstract. In this research, OGC-AI is presented as a retrieval-augmented large language model (LLM) interface that enables plain-language access to Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web services while keeping organization-internal endpoints private. Standards documents and service metadata are automatically harvested and indexed; at inference time, relevant snippets are retrieved to compose syntactically correct, standards-compliant requests, execute them via a secure proxy, and return grounded answers with source links. As of 30 April 2025, the corpus comprises 397 documents across 92 OGC standards, spanning both legacy and modern APIs commonly used in Spatial Data Infrastructures. The two use cases are including (i) the use of OGC-AI with complex SensorThings API request, and (ii) generating a working CesiumJS example that consumes geospatial data from OGC API services. A retrieval-augmented strategy is favored over cache-augmented alternatives to accommodate a large, evolving standards landscape. Current limitations (e.g., multi-step analytics, semantic disambiguation, dependence on upstream document structures) and a roadmap toward interactive mapping, task decomposition, and quantitative evaluation are outlined. By lowering the skill barrier to OGC-compliant data access, OGC-AI advances the FAIR principles—especially Accessibility and Reusability within established SDIs
Die umweltfreundlichsten Emissionen sind die, die nicht entstehen
No full textAm Beispiel von Baden-Württembergs größtem Industriepark wird aufgezeigt, welches Potenzial neue Arbeitsformen für die Verkehrswende beinhalten – in der Reduzierung von Emissionen, aber auch durch neu zu denkende verkehrliche Infrastruktur rund um die Arbeitsstätte. Über mehrere Jahre wurden Pendlerströme erfasst und ausgewertet. Daraus resultiert, welchen Einfluss moderne Arbeitsformen wie z. B. Homeoffice auf Verkehre ausüben und wie diese idealerweise umgesetzt werden können. Validiert wurden die Erkenntnisse durch Befragungen und Abgleich mit Daten unterschiedlichster Erfassungssysteme
CitiVerse: From Semiotic Theory to Interoperable, Human-Centered Smart Cities
No full textAbstract:
The rapid digital transformation of urban environments is revolutionizing how cities manage infrastructure, governance, and citizen engagement. While numerous pilots on smart cities and urban digital twins have been conducted, a shift is emerging toward more interconnected, intelligent, and immersive approaches, nowadays referred to as CitiVerse. This paper presents a multi-layered CitiVerse framework that integrates technologies such as the Internet of Things and Digital Twins with the concept of Stampers's Semiotic Ladder. We explore (1) whether CitiVerse aligns with established IT-frameworks such as Stamper's Semiotic Ladder, and (2) how this alignment can be used to further enhance the CitiVerse framework
Forschungstrends zur Kreislaufwirtschaft im Bauwesen: Eine systematische Entwicklungsanalyse
No full textDie Studie untersucht den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Circular Economy im Bauwesen auf Basis der Literaturübersicht von Gasparri et al. (2023). Mittels iterativer Zitationsanalyse („forward citation chasing“) wurden 37 Publikationen aus den Jahren 2024 und 2025 ausgewertet und den sieben Circular Economy-Handlungsfeldern sowie 26 Themenschwerpunkten zugeordnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen Fortschritte bei Bewertungsmethoden, politischen Rahmenbedingungen, Digitalisierung und Materialverfolgung. Gleichzeitig werden einige Themenfelder, wie Geschäftsmodelle, Kennzahlensystemen, Kooperationen und Lieferketten, in der jüngeren Forschung nur wenig behandelt. Ergänzend treten neue Themen wie Datensicherheit, Standardisierung digitaler Prozesse und Materialpässe hervor. Die Studie betont die Relevanz interdisziplinärer Forschung und einer engeren Verzahnung von Wissenschaft, Praxis und Regulierung für eine wirksame Umsetzung der Circular Economy im Bauwesen