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Sustainability aspects in lightweight construction: How can education improve the state of the art of sustainable construction?
No full textAlmost daily, we are confronted with disturbing headlines regarding to manmade climate problems [1]. Key figures for environmental impacts like CO 2 emissions, vast consumption of scarce resources or waste
generation are often cited. Construction has evolved over millennia, whereby a large proportion of buildings and civil engineering structures have been designed with an emphasis on not using too much material. But in view of the threat of global warming, mass extinction of species, energy crisis, finite fossile resources and the not inconsiderable contribution of construction, it is essential to include aspects of sustainability in every building.
Which possibilities do we have in structural engineering and especially in the design of lightweight structures for a rapid improvement impact? One key point besides awareness of the situation is to create a basis of understanding and tools for those who are involved in the building industry in order to make the right decisions
towards more sustainable solutions in project planning and execution but also for being able to explain and back up with figures. Thus, teaching and research contribute to a more rapid change in rethinking sustainable construction. While the willingness to actually safe our planet within our young professionals was never greater before, the building industry seems to be slow to implement the necessary education
Real-World Laboratory MobiQ: Transformative Research Between Mobility Policy and Spatial Development
No full textFür die Mobilitätswende in Deutschland ist Baden-Württemberg ein zentrales Handlungsfeld. Seit dem Frühjahr 2021 fördert das Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg (MWK) das Reallabor MobiQ - Nachhaltige Mobilität durch Sharing im Quartier. Das Projekt verfolgt einen zivilgesellschaftlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Ansatz und fokussiert die Potenziale nachbarschaftlich getragener, quartiersbezogener Mobilität. Es wird untersucht, wie sich soziale Netzwerke initiieren und fördern lassen, um Impulse für die zivilgesellschaftliche Gestaltung nachhaltiger, raumspezifischer sowie bedarfsgerechter Mobilitätskonzepte zu setzen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen drei Standorte: Stuttgart-Rot, Geislingen an der Steige und Waldburg. In Großstadtrandlage, einer Mittelstadt und im ländlichen Raum wird praktisch erprobt, wie Bewohner:innen mit Methoden des Ko-Designs und der Ko-Produktion im Quartier gemeinsam ihre Mobilität organisieren und sich Zugänge zu gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe erschließen können. Der Beitrag reflektiert insbesondere das methodische Vorgehen im Projekt.Baden-Württemberg is a central field of action for the mobility transition in Germany. Since spring 2021, the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts (MWK) has been funding the real-world laboratory MobiQ - Sustainable mobility through sharing in the neighbourhood. The project follows a civil society, non-commercial approach and focuses on the potential of neighbourhood-based mobility. It examines how social networks can be initiated and promoted in order to set impulses for the participatory design of sustainable, context-specific and demand-oriented mobility concepts. The focus is on three locations: Stuttgart Rot, Geislingen an der Steige and Waldburg. On the outskirts of a large city, in a medium-sized town and in a rural area, practical experiments will be conducted by and with the residents on how mobility can be organized with the help of co-design and co-creation. The article reflects in particular on the methodological approach in the project
Structure-borne sound sources in buildings – Estimating the uncertainty of source properties and installed power from interlaboratory test results
No full textA low immission due to structure-borne sound sources is a major component of the acoustic quality inside buildings. After many years of research, methods have been standardised to characterise such sources (EN 15657) and to predict their impact in buildings (EN 12354-5). This contribution is dedicated to the question what the uncertainty of the source descriptors and the predicted installed sound power is. To answer this question, an interlaboratory test with an artificial source was performed. Altogether seven laboratories participated, and estimates for the uncertainties of the source quantities could be deduced from the measurement results. Additionally, measurements were performed with a standardised structure-borne sound source, the ISO tapping machine, by all participating laboratories. The measured source quantity for this source turned out to be in good agreement with the theoretically predicted values thereby validating this theoretical prediction
Parking and Charging: New Concepts for the Use of Intelligent Charging Infrastructure in Car Parks
No full textA reliable charging infrastructure for electric vehicles used in individual transport including availability and accessibility is necessary because it contributes highly to the decision of purchasing a BEV (battery electric vehicle). In Germany, charging is mainly done at home; however, parking spots in car parks have the potential to densify charging infrastructure in semi-public spaces. Intelligent car parks represent further developments which add a variety of technologies, energy management tools and value-added services to parking in general. The article addresses the question of technical maturity of charging infrastructures used in intelligent car parks and their marketability. Examples are charging methods such as conductive and inductive charging or various payment options. Pilot projects are described, and possible concepts of charging in intelligent car parks are explained, thereby addressing a growing interest in the subject
A Multi-camera Mobile System for Tunnel Inspection
No full textThe safety, proper maintenance, and renovation of tunnel structures have become a critical problem for urban management in view of the aging of tunnels. Tunnel inspection and inventory are regulated by construction laws and must be carried out at regular intervals. Advances in digitalization and machine vision technologies enable the development of an automated and BIM-based system to collect data from tunnel surfaces. In this study, a tunnel inspection system using vision-based systems and the related principles are introduced to measure the tunnel surfaces efficiently. In addition, the main components and requirements for subsystems are presented, and different challenges in data acquisition and point cloud generation are explained based on investigations during initial experiments
Increased Efficiency Through Intelligent Networking of Producers and Consumers in Commercial Areas Using the Example of Robert Bosch GmbH
No full textEnergy-efficient heating and cooling systems as well as intelligent systems for energy distribution are urgently required in order to be able to meet the ambitious goals of the European Union to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The present article is intended to show that intelligent system extensions for the area of heating, cooling and electricity production for the industrial sector can lead to significant increase in efficiency. For this purpose, a simulation study for the expansion of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant with 2 MW thermal output using a 1.4 MW absorption chiller has been carried out. This shows that a heat-controlled CHP unit can significantly increase its running time. A system model was created for the initial situation and validated with existing measurement data. In the second step, this model was expanded to include the ACM module. The simulation was able to prove that in the event of a system expansion, the run time of the CHP unit can be increased by 35%. In addition to then increase of energy efficiency in the supply system, the analysis also focuses on the efficiency of the energy distribution via thermal networks in an industrial environment. The presented paper therefore also highlights the optimization potentials in the operation of thermal supply networks for industrial applications. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been developed which in addition to the components of the thermal network itself also comprises the producers and consumers. The specific construction of thermal networks for the supply of industrial properties requires adapted solutions for the simulation of such systems. Therefore, amongst other things, in the paper, solutions are shown for the modelling of direct flow local heating networks as well as for the operation of a cascade-controlled pump group
BNP Formulas for Algerian Middle School EFL Learners: Predicting Readability through Estimated Reading Time: Predicting Readability through Estimated Reading Time
No full textReadability formulas for English are normed to predict grades in the United States (Flesch 1948; Chall and Dale 1995). This limits their usability outside of their creation context and schooling system, especially for EFL teaching. This study proposes to predict student reading times as an empirically observable operationalization of readability. Specifically, we induce formulas to be used by Algerian classroom teachers in predicting the readability of the reading texts for middle school EFL learners through estimated reading time. Learners in different middle schools in Algeria participated in the study by reading selected texts to get the approximate reading time for each category of readers. BNP formulas are the first that
combine a characteristic of the text, i.e., character count, with a
characteristic of the intended readers, i.e., reading speed, to predict the readability of the text to EFL readers through estimating their reading time
A maturity model for the effective digital transformation of laboratories
No full textPurposeThis paper presents a maturity model for digital transformation effectiveness in laboratories (labs) with education and research purposes. Design/methodology/approachThe model was developed using design science research methodology, expert interviews and case studies. FindingsThe model fulfills three practical goals: (1) to establish comparability of the effectiveness of the digital transformation of labs, (2) to provide lab operators from academia and industry with a guide for (further) transformation and (3) to build initial trust among lab users. In addition, the maturity model contributes to the literature on digital lab transformation by capturing, describing, structuring and evaluating relevant dimensions, items and levels. Model strengths and weaknesses, areas for improvement, international applicability and practical and reusable recommendations are presented as well as the added value in assessing lab functionalities and lab sustainability. Practical implicationsAlthough originally developed as a maturity model driven by lab education, the model is also suitable for the transformation of research labs in manufacturing technology management. Digital labs can efficiently support industry training and research and development activities as well as simulate the development of new processes prior to their implementation.Originality/valueEspecially for these use cases, the authors see application potentials for the use of online labs from an organizational perspective and from the perspective of stakeholders such as industry users and operators with a manufacturing background, who use and develop transformed labs for teaching and research
Possibilities and Challenges of Wastewater Reuse — Planning Aspects and Realized Examples
No full textPopulation growth and climate change has a huge impact on water availability. To ensure a secure water supply, water-reuse concepts and its implementation are gaining more and more importance. Additionally, water saving potentials to optimize the drinking and water reuse availability have to be considered. However, limited spatial planning opportunities and missing regulation to provide treated wastewater according to the “fit-for-purpose” principle are often hindering its application. Some countries, such as the USA or Singapore, have been leading the way for decades in implementing water-reuse concepts and in treating wastewater for potable and non-potable reuse. The wastewater treatment technologies are currently providing solutions for an adequate provision of reclaimed water. Consequently, the opportunities for water reuse are given, but the challenge is largely in the implementation, which becomes necessary in water-scarce regions. This perspective is thus presenting the current possibilities and challenges of wastewater reuse with respect to existing examples of implementations but also shows the need for action in the future. The relevance of this topic is also underlined in particular by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), especially Goal 6 which is related to “Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”
Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Trittschalldämmung von Balkon-Anschlusselementen
No full textFür die thermische Trennung von Balkonen und Laubengängen von der Fassade sind bewehrte Anschlusselemente Stand der Technik. Diese Elemente beeinflussen die Trittschallübertragung und sind somit für die schalltechnische Planung von Bedeutung. Im Rahmen von Forschungsarbeiten an der HFT Stuttgart wurde ein Labor-Prüfverfahren zur schalltechnischen Kennzeichnung solcher Anschlusselemente entwickelt. Der relativ kompakte Prüfaufbau besteht aus einem Balkon, der über das Anschlusselement mit einer Decke verbunden ist. Anhand von Körperschallmessungen wird die Trittschallminderung in Analogie zu Deckenauflagen, bzw. die Trittschallpegeldifferenz als Einfügungsdämmung mit Bezug auf die durchbetonierte Situation bestimmt. Beide Kenngrößen können für den Produktvergleich und die Prognose der Trittschallübertragung im Gebäude nach DIN EN ISO 12354-2 verwendet werden. In diesem Beitrag wird das Prüfverfahren vorgestellt und anhand von Finite-Elemente-Simulationen validiert