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Evaluation of Baseflow Modeling with BlueM.Sim for Long-Term Hydrological Studies in the German Low Mountain Range of Hesse, Germany
No full textSo far, research with the hydrological model BlueM.Sim has been focused on reservoir management and integrated river basin modeling. BlueM.Sim is part of the official toolset for estimating immissions into rivers in Hessen (Germany) via long-term continuous modeling. Dynamic runoff modeling from rural catchments is permitted within the Hessian guidelines, but in practice, a constant flow or low flow is used. However, due to increasing water stress in the region caused by climate change, the dynamic modeling of runoff from rural catchments will become necessary. Therefore, dynamic baseflow modeling with BlueM.Sim is of the greatest importance. This study evaluated baseflow modeling with BlueM.Sim in a representative hard-rock aquifer in the German Low Mountain range. Two model setups (Factor Approach (FA): CN method + monthly baseflow; Soil Moisture Approach (SMA): physical soil moisture simulation) were calibrated (validated) for a 9-year (5-year) period. The FA achieved an NSE of 0.62 (0.44) and an LnNSE of 0.64 (0.60) for the calibration and validation periods. The selection of a solution for the successful validation of the FA was challenging and required a selection that overestimated baseflow in the calibration period. This is due to the major disadvantage of the FA, namely, that baseflow can only vary according to an estimated yearly pattern of monthly baseflow factors. However, the data requirements are low, and the estimation of monthly baseflow factors is simple and could potentially be regionalized for Hesse, leading to a better representation of baseflow than in current practice. The SMA achieved better results with an NSE of 0.78 (0.75) and an LnNSE of 0.72 (0.78). The data requirements and model setup are extensive and require the estimation of many parameters, which are limitations to its application in practice. Furthermore, a literature review has shown that a single linear reservoir, as in BlueM.Sim, is not optimal for modeling baseflow in hard-rock aquifers. However, for detailed climate change impact studies in the region with BlueM.Sim, the SMA should be preferred over the FA. It is expected that BlueM.Sim would benefit from implementing a more suitable model structure for baseflow in hard-rock aquifers, resulting in improved water balance and water quality outcomes
Beteiligung aus Sicht von Bürger:innen: Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie
No full textImmer mehr Bürger:innen wollen sich bei der Gestaltung ihres Umfeldes einbringen und bei öffentlichen Planungen und Entscheidungen einbezogen werden. Die Einbeziehung aller Bevölkerungsschichten gestaltet sich in der Praxis jedoch schwierig. Daher sollten die Chancen und Grenzen von Beteiligungsverfahren insbesondere aus Sicht der Bürger:innen tiefer erforscht werden. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Motivation, Erwartungen und Erfolgsfaktoren von Beteiligung aus Sicht der Bürger:innen zu erfassen. Dazu wurden in qualitativen Einzelinterviews zwei verschiedene Stakeholdergruppen befragt: Partizipationsexpert:innen und Bürger:innen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für die Partizipationsexpert:innen prozessbezogene und für die Bürger:innen zwischenmenschliche Faktoren bei der Gestaltung von Beteiligungsprozessen im Vordergrund stehen. Die Arbeit weist vier wesentliche Erkenntnisse und Herausforderungen für Bürgerbeteiligung in der Praxis sowie konkrete Maßnahmen für Prozessgestaltende auf.More and more citizens want to participate in shaping their environment and be involved in public planning and decisions. In practice, however, it is difficult to involve all sections of the population. Therefore, the chances and limits of participation processes should be researched more deeply, especially from the perspective of citizens. The aim of this study was to identify the motivation, expectations and success criteria of citizen participation from the perspective of citizens. For this purpose, two different stakeholder groups were interviewed: participation experts and citizens. The results show that process-related criteria are very important for participation experts and interpersonal criteria for citizens when it comes to the design of participation processes. The study identifies four key findings and challenges for citizen participation in practice as well as concrete measures for process designers
Hot Spots in Cities – Classifying Emotions During Physical Outdoor Activities in Urban Areas : Geoinformation Week 2022 “Broadening Geospatial Science and Technology”
No full textDetermining emotions of people during different activities (e.g. surfing the web or walking and driving in urban areas) is of high interest to many industries such as the advertising and marketing industry (Imotions, 2022) or city developers and planners (Zeile et al., 2015). However, as the authors have explained in their previous works (Schneider et al., 2020, Dastageeri et al., 2019, Kohn et al., 2018), it is very difficult to determine emotions using surrogate measurements. This is compounded by the fact that many people have trouble to name their emotions correctly as they are often mixed and hardly ever occur as a single and distinct emotion. In order to improve the attractiveness of cities not just based on general presumptions about how citizens would react to certain changes in the urban environment, but based on physical measurements, previous works have shown approaches to do that (Schneider et al., 2020, Dastageeri et al., 2019). They have developed a first attempt to correlate measured physical parameters such as heart rate and skin conductivity (among others) which are triggered by location and environment to emotional states using machine learning. To correlate locations to emotions is an important aspect for city planners, as a person’s emotion for a location defines the personal relationship to a place which can help to gauge the attractiveness of a place and give indicators about where to improve the city or place
Heat-sensitive urban areas in Konstanz - Automating workflow for PALM-ready data preparation and microclimate modeling using PALM-4U
Get PDFThe increase in global temperature along with human activities have contributed to the rise of heat islands which are more common in urban areas. The microclimate of urban areas is highly affected by man-made structures like buildings, roads, and other infrastructures that have caused the displacement of natural landscapes like trees, farmland, and water bodies. Several initiatives including large computational models are currently operational that aim to understand the effect of urban activities on the microclimate of urban areas. This study utilizes the PALM and PALM-4U model system developed at the Institute of Meteorology and Climatology (IMUK) of Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany to simulate the microclimate of Konstanz, Germany. It is a state-of-the-art microclimate modeling system that can successfully simulate atmospheric conditions, geographic features, as well as urban features.
The PALM model system is a valuable tool used to simulate microclimates and identify heat-sensitive urban areas. This study focuses on enhancing the workflow by automating the preparation of PALM-ready input files using 3D geospatial data from the city of Konstanz, Germany. Ccomparing the automated approach with manual preparation, it is aimed to assess its efficiency and effectiveness in identifying heat-sensitive areas using PALM. Additionally, the study explores the capabilities of existing tools, namely palm_csd, and PalmClassify, in the process. The results provide insights into how simulation parameters impact the PALM model system and simulation outputs, specifically for a test summer day. Furthermore, valuable insights are provided regarding the processing of raw geodata and simulation data, further optimizing the microclimate simulation process in urban areas.
The findings indicate that when comparing a simulation that takes building geometry into account to another one that only considers building height raster, the temperature difference is significantly different from each other
Der Beitrag von Mobiltelefonen und intelligenten Arbeitszeitmodellen für die Verkehrswende
No full textZur Akzeptanz des Metaverse
No full textDas Metaverse als digitale und interaktive Umgebung eröffnet eine neue, virtuelle Welt – und ist angetreten, um das Internet, wie wir es kennen, abzulösen. Schon heute spielt es eine große Rolle für Gamer und Technikbegeisterte, doch es lockt auch immer mehr Unternehmen an. Dabei stellen sich zahlreiche rechtliche Fragen unterschiedlichster Art – vom anwendbaren Recht über Datenschutz- und Urheberrecht bis hin zum Versicherungsrecht.
Das praxisnah geschriebene Werk von Steege/Chibanguza gibt verlässliche Antworten auf die juristischen Herausforderungen, denen sich sowohl bereits im Metaverse Tätige als auch diejenigen, die vor den ersten Schritten in der virtuellen Welt stehen, stellen müssen. Es enthält durchweg wertvolle Handlungsanweisungen, um den rechtlichen Anforderungen im Metaverse gerecht zu werden.
Eingehende Gesamtdarstellung
Im ersten Teil des Handbuchs wird das erforderliche Grundlagenwissen über die komplexe Materie Metaverse vermittelt. Für ein besseres Verständnis werden dabei auch Themen aus anderen Disziplinen erörtert (z.B. Ethik, Technik, Ökonomie). Herzstück des Werkes sind die umfassenden rechtsgebietsspezifischen Erläuterungen, jeweils verfasst durch herausragende Expertinnen und Experten in ihrem Fachbereich
Verstetigung von Beteiligung aus Sicht der Bürger:innen
No full textDas Ziel dieser Arbeit war den Erfolg von Beteiligungsprozessen aus Sicht von Bürger:innen weiter zu erforschen und Handlungsempfehlungen für verstetigende Prozesse abzuleiten. Im Rahmen dessen wurden zwei verschiedene Stakeholdergruppen befragt: Partizipationsexpert:innen und Bürger:innen. Die Arbeit weist wesentliche Erkenntnisse und Herausforderungen für die Verstetigung von Bürgerbeteiligung in der Praxis sowie konkrete Maßnahmen für Prozessgestaltende auf
