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The Colonial Violence of "Non-Violent" Resistance
Get PDFIn his paper "On Violence", Frantz Fanon argues for the crucial role of violence in achieving decolonization and asserts that the notion of "non-violent resistance" is introduced and upheld by those who are ultimately interested in preserving the capitalist colonial structure (Fanon 1;22). Fanon argues for the necessity of violence, claiming only violence can dislodge a regime that is itself established and maintained through violence, and that violence grants a sense of agency to the colonized people (2; 4; 6; 22; 10; 21; 51). I open this paper with an exposition and defence of Fanon\u27s two arguments for the necessity of violence to anti-colonial efforts and an explanation of why insistence upon non-violent resistance protects the powers that be. In this paper, I will defend Fanon\u27s arguments from the objection that non-violent tactics have historically been successful in combatting colonialism, and to explicitly argue that upholding non-violence as the only legitimate form of resistance is an oppressive tactic. I will accomplish this by examining the role of violent resistance, both within and without Mahatma Gandhi\u27s Quit India movement, in advancing Indian liberation from British rule in 1947
The Imperfect Warrior: Disability and Surgery on the Medieval English Battlefield
No full textThis paper questions the assumption that medieval European medicine was unsophisticated and ineffective, unable to aid injured or disabled warriors. Three instances from English history refute this: the case of King Richard III, who was an accomplished warrior despite having scoliosis; the fact that King Henry V was able to recover fully from a serious battle wound; and the existence of a common soldier from the Wars of the Roses who had a similar, successful recovery. Historical evidence and the work of modern scholars, like Tobias Capwell, point to many cases of successful battlefield surgeries and supportive technology. When fitted with specially tailored armour, a man with similar scoliosis to Richard III was trained in 15th century riding and fighting techniques. The surgeon John Bradmore gave a full account of the methods and tools he used to heal Henry Vâs facial injury caused by an arrow. Finally, historians and archaeologists studying a skull found at the site of the Battle of Towton were able to determine that the deceased had sustained a fractured jawbone, which was healed ten years prior to his death. The paper ends by asserting that given the evidence, medieval English fighters with physical disadvantages received effective care and assistance that allowed their careers to continue despite their setbacks. This offers insight into the quality of the medicine available to them and shows that committed patient care is not a modern phenomenon
Moving Forward the Research Agenda on Tourism Employment: Addressing Work Precarisation, Inequalities and Worker Wellbeing
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Eudemonia and Economy in Queer Life: Expressions of the Khmer Gay Male in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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