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Efforts toward the total synthesis of premnalatifolin A and martinelline
No full text"At the request of the author or degree granting institution, this graduate work is not available to view or purchase until April 30 2026"--ProQuest abstract/details page.Chain, William J.This thesis focuses on the efforts toward the total synthesis of two complex natural products: premnalatifolin A and martinelline and my related works are described in detail in the chapters within. ☐ Premnalatifolin A is an icetexane natural products with a wide array of biological activities and interesting structural features. Chapter one builds upon in greater detail a published review from 2022 in the Chain group, highlighting classifications of icetexanes, recent isolations, and highlighted synthetic routes toward icetexanes. ☐ Chapter two outlines our initial synthetic efforts on synthesis of premnalatifolin A, a potent potential breast cancer and colon cancer therapeutic. Gathering inspiration from the published works of Mr. Moon and Dr. Al–Amin we generated both a TBS and trimethoxy protected southern monomers of premnalatifolin A. ☐ Chapter three highlights our second-generation synthesis premnalatifolin A, utilizing an electrochemically enabled pyridinium sp2-sp3 cross coupling recently developed in the laboratories of Dr. Mary Watson. Additionally, chapter three outlines a novel medicinal chemistry approach to accessing a large variety of synthetic analogs of icetexanes for therapeutic development. ☐ Chapter four investigates the Chain groups efforts to apply tandem Polovnoski– Povarov methodology developed in the laboratory to leverage aniline N-oxides towards the total synthesis of the complex tetrahydroquinoline alkaloid martinelline and other related natural products.University of Delaware, Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryPh.D
Best Practices for Short-Term Study Abroad
No full textGuerrón-Montero, CarlaGiving students the opportunity to study abroad is a privilege and a responsibility. Ideally, college students’ educational experiences should reach beyond the classroom walls through the formation of a strong study abroad program. Like most educational initiatives, studying abroad has advantages and disadvantages. Short-term study abroad (STSA) programs have grown in popularity, and a community college such as Delaware Technical Community College may offer STSA rather than semester-long programs. The literature provides leaders of STSA programs both cautionary tales and empirical results to guide planning and implementation. After exploring the benefits of studying abroad, the challenges of STSA, and best practices, the focus will turn to my ideas for making specific improvements at the local community college.M.A.L.S.University of Delaware, Liberal Studies Progra
I Did 10,000 Steps so I Earned This Treat: Problematic Smartwatch Use and Exercise Tracking Associations with Compensatory Eating and Sedentary Activity
No full textThis is the original submission version (pre-peer review) of the following article: Siddika, Aysha, and Morgan E. Ellithorpe. “I Did 10,000 Steps so I Earned This Treat: Problematic Smartwatch Use and Exercise Tracking Associations with Compensatory Eating and Sedentary Activity.” Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 28, no. 3 (March 1, 2025): 211–16. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2024.0204 which has now been formally published in final form at Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking at https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2024.0204. This original submission version of the article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with the Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers’ self-archiving terms and conditions.
This article was originally published in Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking Volume 28, Number 3, 2025. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2024.0204.
© 2025, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.Smartwatches are digital devices, similar to smartphones, and come with the possibility of problematic use. Problematic technology use is the experience of psychological distress or reduced daily functioning in response to excessive or addictive technology use. The purpose of this study was to explore whether problematic use of smartwatch devices for exercise tracking influences user’s health behaviors such as eating habits and sedentary activity. An online survey was conducted among college-aged smartwatch users (n = 221). Results showed that using smartwatches for exercise tracking has a positive relationship with compensatory eating behavior (i.e., increasing caloric intake after exercise) when the use is higher in problematic use. This study concludes that although smartwatch devices are promoted to aid healthy behaviors, their impact on positive health outcomes may be limited for some users, to the extent that compensatory eating can derail fitness goals and may exacerbate eating behaviors. Future research should aim to develop health messaging for smartwatch users to make them aware of the potential for compensatory eating behavior to undermine their goals in the face of excessive smartwatch use for fitness purposes
Hybrid Deep Learning Model to Estimate Cognitive Effort from fNIRS Signals
No full textThis article was originally published in ICMI '25 Companion: Companion Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1145/3747327.3764901
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ICMI Companion ’25, Canberra, ACT, Australia © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).This study estimates cognitive effort based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy data and performance scores using a hybrid DeepNet model. The estimation of cognitive effort enables educators to modify material to enhance learning effectiveness and student engagement. In this study, we collected oxygenated hemoglobin using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during an educational quiz game. Participants (n=16) responded to 16 questions in a Unity-based educational game, each within a 30-second response time limit. We used DeepNet models to predict the performance score from the oxygenated hemoglobin, and compared traditional machine learning and DeepNet models to determine which approach provides better accuracy in predicting performance scores. The result shows that the proposed CNN-GRU gives better performance with 73% than other models. After the prediction, we used the predicted score and the oxygenated hemoglobin to observe cognitive effort by calculating relative neural efficiency and involvement in our test cases. Our result shows that even with moderate accuracy, the predicted cognitive effort closely follow the actual trends. This findings can be helpful in designing and improving learning environments and provide valuable insights into learning materials.We express our gratitude to the study participants and lab members. We also thank the National Science Foundation for its support
(#2222661 − 2222663, #2321274, and #2426003)
The Effects of the Global Pandemic on Women Athletic Training Students as They Transitioned to Practice
No full textThis article was originally published in Athletic Training Education Journal. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.4085/1947-380X-24-028.
© National Athletic Trainers’ Association.Context
The transition to practice process is complex and facilitated by many formal and informal processes. The coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic presented unique challenges for athletic trainers. An identity-specific focus is necessary to understand better the transition to practice process during the pandemic.
Objective
To understand (1) what socializing factors influence a cohort of women athletic trainers who graduated from the same professional master’s (PM) athletic training program as they transitioned to practice and (2) the unique challenges the women athletic trainers faced as they sought employment and transitioned into their first professional roles during the pandemic.
Design
Qualitative phenomenological cohort study.
Setting
Semistructured, in-depth, 1-on-1 videoconference interviews.
Patients or other Participants
Six women (24.83 ± .96 years old) who graduated from the same PM athletic training program now working in various athletic training settings.
Data Collection and Analysis
We conducted semistructured interviews via Zoom (Zoom Video Communications). Interviews were transcribed, and a general phenomenological approach to analysis was used. Member checks, multiple analyst triangulation, and peer review were used to ensure trustworthiness.
Results
Three main themes emerged that describe the effects of the pandemic on the transition to practice of women athletic trainers: (1) personal identity, (2) relational identity, and (3) professional identity. Several subthemes were also identified to further illustrate the participants’ lived experiences.
Conclusions
Although some of the participants’ socialization and transition to practice experiences were similar to other graduates described in the literature, the personal, relational, and professional identities of these women athletic trainers were influenced by the pandemic. The participants purposefully sought women mentors to assist them with navigating the challenges of developing a professional identity during the pandemic. There is a need to create gender-specific networks to support individuals during their growth from novice to professional
Investigating Student Noticing of Quantitative Reasoning in Introductory Biology Labs
No full textThis article was originally published in CBE-Life Sciences Education. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.24-04-0124.
© 2025 J. L. Hsu et al. CBE—Life Sciences Education © 2025 The American Society for Cell Biology. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). It is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).
“ASCB®” and “The American Society for CellBiology®” are registered trademarks of The American Society for Cell Biology.Quantitative reasoning (QR) is a key skill for undergraduate biology education. Despite this, many students struggle with QR. Here, we use the theoretical framework of student noticing to investigate why some students struggle with QR in introductory biology labs. Under this framework, what students notice when given new information and data influences how they process this information and connect it with other events to form new conceptions. Students must mentally isolate given features, create mental records of those features, and identify features or objects that they connect to existing knowledge. Identifying these features or objects is thus critical since they form the foundation upon which learning takes place. We conducted observations of groups in introductory biology labs involving QR, which informed follow-up interviews to examine what students notice, the level/relevance of their noticing, and factors that shape student noticing. We find that some students are noticing more perceptual features, often focusing on less relevant trends and features, with others noticing deeper, more relevant patterns that facilitate conceptual sensemaking. In addition, we find multiple factors, including students’ expectations and their attitude toward QR and biology, that shape student noticing. We conclude with implications for instructors and the biology education research community.This work is funded by a National Science Foundation Building Capacity in STEM Education Research grant to J.L.H. (award no. 2225255). We thank Joanne Lobato, Cathery Yeh, and Jennifer Osterhage for valuable feedback on the project. In addition, we thank Kate Hill for her invaluable role in facilitating the observations and interviews and for providing guidance on the structure of the introductory biology labs. Finally, we thank the instructors of the labs for supporting our work and allowing the observations, and the students who participated
Dynamic Imprints of Colliding-wind Dust Formation from WR 140
No full textThis article was originally published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad9aa9.
© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.Carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet (WR) binaries are a prominent source of carbonaceous dust that contribute to the dust budget of galaxies. The "textbook" example of an episodic dust-producing WR binary, WR 140 (HD 193793), provides us with an ideal laboratory for investigating the dust physics and kinematics in an extreme environment. This study is among the first to utilize two separate JWST observations, from Cycle 1 ERS (2022 July) and Cycle 2 (2023 September), to measure WR 140's dust kinematics and confirm its morphology. To measure the proper motions and projected velocities of the dust shells, we performed a novel point-spread function (PSF) subtraction to reduce the effects of the bright diffraction spikes and carefully aligned the Cycle 2 to the Cycle 1 images. At 7.7 μm, through the bright feature common to 16 dust shells (C1), we find an average dust shell proper motion of 390 ± 29 mas yr−1, which equates to a projected velocity of 2714 ± 188 km s−1 at a distance of 1.64 kpc. Our measured speeds are constant across all visible shells and consistent with previously reported dust expansion velocities. Our observations not only prove that these dusty shells are astrophysical (i.e., not associated with any PSF artifact) and originate from WR 140, but also confirm the "clumpy" morphology of the dust shells, in which identifiable substructures within certain shells persist for at least 14 months from one cycle to the next. These results support the hypothesis that clumping in the wind collision region is required for dust production in WR binaries.The work of E.P.L. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. National Science Foundation. J.L.H. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under award AST-1816944. T.O. acknowledges support by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant No. JP24K07087. N.D.R. is grateful for support from the Cottrell Scholar Award #CS-CSA-2023-143 sponsored by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement. J.S.-B. acknowledges the support received from the UNAM PAPIIT project IA 105023. C.M.P.R. acknowledges support from NASA Chandra Theory grant TM3-24001X. This material is based upon work supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC24M0006 and based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract number NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with programs #3823 and #1349. Support for program #3823 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. We thank the anonymous reviewer for insightful feedback that improved the quality of this manuscript. We thank Christopher Packham and Mason Leist for their valuable discussions about the MIRI PSF subtraction
Near vision assessment for adults using the NIH Toolbox
No full textThis article was originally published in Frontiers in Neurology by Frontiers Media. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.1533382.
© 2025 Finley, Slotkin, Nowinski, Bedjeti, Volpe, Weintraub and Gershon. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Introduction: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Near Visual Acuity Test is a novel digitized measure designed to provide an assessment of near vision in a time-and cost-effective manner. This study is the first to report the psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox Near Visual Acuity Test in a sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.
Methods: Ninety-eight adults (ages 40–81) completed the tablet-based near vision test and the gold standard chart-based near vision test. Performance on the tablet-and chart-based near vision tests was expressed in logarithmic units. Chart-and tablet-based administration order was counterbalanced. To assess test–retest reliability, the NIH Toolbox Near Visual Acuity Test was administered twice within the same day. Additionally, two equivalent versions of the chart-based test were randomly assigned to participants.
Results: Analyses revealed that test–retest reliability of the NIH Toolbox Near Visual Acuity Test was good (intraclass correlation = 0.87, p < 0.001). Concurrence between the NIH Toolbox Near Visual Acuity Test and gold standard chart-based test was also good (r = 0.79, p < 0.001).
Discussion: Findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the NIH Toolbox Near Visual Acuity Test as a near vision assessment for middle-aged to older adult populations. With further research, the integration of this test within the widely used NIH Toolbox may provide a more efficient means to understanding how near visual acuity influences neurocognitive test performance and brain function in middle-aged to older adult populations.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study is funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health under grant No. 1U2CAG057441