Publikationsserver der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg
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Single Column Multiple Electron Beam Imaging from N-Type Silicon
No full textThis work is aimed at measuring the electron emission from multiple cathodes formed by n-doped silicon and imaging the electron beams focused by an einzel lens on a CMOS camera. The experimental results are compared with computer simulation to understand the electron emission from the semiconductor cathode and the observed imaging imperfections. Finally, modifications to the experimental setup are suggested that should lead to improvement in the extraction current and spot size of focused electron beams and also better understanding of the processes taking place in the experiment
Biomechanical exposition of the factors influencing the pelvic floor muscle activity
No full textIntroduction
About 40 % of the women worldwide suffer from Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions [1]. In previous studies, musculoskeletal simulations helped to understand and facilitate the complex issues of musculoskeletal disorders in several different branches [2, 3]. A fundamental prerequisite for the generation of these models is to have a basic understanding of the stresses acting on the pelvic floor. The aim of this study is to investigate the biomechanical factors influencing the activity of the pelvic floor muscles by establishing a parameterised model.
Methods
To identify the factors that affect the pelvic floor muscles, the process is divided into several stages. The first step is to investigate the loads acting on the pelvic floor. For this, a simplified sagittal cross-sectional model of the upper body is analysed. The discretization of the abdominal cavity is presented with resulting force vectors representing the organs in the abdominal and pelvic region, the tensile force of the structures that fixate the organs as well as the intraabdominal pressure.
A second step is the examination of the basic mechanics of the pelvic floor muscles. As the functional anatomy of these muscles demonstrate differences compared to other muscle groups [4], the understanding of how they differ is crucial for the construction of musculoskeletal models.
After a static examination of loads on a simplified muscle model, an extended model including the physiological properties of a muscle must be involved in the considerations. Therefore, the influence of parameters such as the ideal muscle strength and fibre length, as well as elasticity or passive stiffness of the elements must be taken into account. The influencing factors of the variables can be analysed in a simplified pelvic floor muscle model by systematically changing the parameters.
Results
The process of analysing the factors influencing the activity of the pelvic floor muscles follows two main strategies. The review of the effects of the whole body identifies the forces acting on the pelvic floor muscles and effect their activity.
With the examination of the basic mechanics of a simplified pelvic floor muscle model a better understanding is achieved of how the pelvic floor muscles absorb the loads acting in the body.
Discussion
This process results in the main influence factors on the activity of the pelvic floor. The consequent parameters form the basis for a biomechanically justified construction of musculoskeletal simulation models of the pelvic floor. Nevertheless, it must be considered, that these mechanical studies represent simplifications of the reality.
References
1. Wang et al, Front Public Health, 10:975829, 2022.
2. Bulat et al., Curr Sports Med Rep, 18(6):210-216, 2019
3. Melzner et al., Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 264:306-313, 2021
4. Ashton-Miller et al., Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1101:266-96, 200
Project: Privacy and willingness to share health data (PWG): Questionnaire: Survey on the handling of health data
No full textSurvey on the acceptance of sharing health data. The study is based on a computer-assisted telephone survey (dual-frame) of a random sample of the population (within the participants of the infas multi-topic survey recruited via ADM telephone sample) aged 18 and over in Germany, which was collected in the period 01-27 June 2022 (n=1,308). The questionnaire consists of 46 standardised questions including socio-demographics and 69 items. Individual questions were taken (partially translated and slightly modified) from other studies.
This document is the translation of the German language questionaire used in the field. The original document may be found here: https://doi.org/10.35096/othr/pub-6057
Superoperators for Quantum Software Engineering
No full textAs implementations of quantum computers grow in size and maturity, the question of how to program this new class of machines is attracting increasing attention in the software engineering domain. Yet, many questions from how to design expressible quantum languages augmented with formal semantics via implementing appropriate optimizing compilers to abstracting details of machine properties in software systems remain challenging. Performing research at this intersection of quantum computing and software engineering requires sufficient knowledge of the physical processes underlying quantum computations, and how to model these. In this chapter, we review a superoperator-based approach to quantum dynamics, as it can provide means that are sufficiently abstract, yet concrete enough to be useful in quantum software and systems engineering, and outline how it is used in several important applications in the field
Initialization of Simulation-Based Digital Twins for Internal Transport Systems
No full textTo support operational decisions using simulation-based digital twins, it is crucial to synchronize the simulation model quickly and accurately with the load state in the real system. This minimizes the typical transient behavior of material flow simulations to a short period of time. This paper presents a concept for initializing a simulation model using the example of a distribution center that uses SAP EWM as a warehouse management system. As part of a study, the influence of the presented initialization concept on the simulation models’ transient behavior is investigated. The simulation model used as a reference is in an ‘empty’ load state at the beginning of the simulation. The study results indicate that the proposed approach can significantly shorten the transient behavior
Validated Multiphysics Modeling For Advanced Pipeline Integrity Management
No full textThe aim of this paper is to present practical steps for utilizing a validated multiphysics approach for fracture control in CO2 pipelines within the framework of Carbon Capture Transport and Storage (CCTS). Ensuring the arrest of running ductile fracture (RDF) is a crucial safety requirement for the transportation of dense-phase CO2. However, current standards rely on outdated and restrictive methods, imposing severe limitations on pipeline material and structural design. As a result, projects that fall outside these standards face the need for extremely costly tests, often leading to delays or cancellations of CCTS initiatives.
This study introduces an advanced, validated, fully-coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model designed to accurately predict fracture propagation in CO2 pipelines. A key advantage of this approach is its use of robust and reproducible calibration and validation procedures combined with high-quality material characterization data. The full coupling of structural, fluid, and backfill models is essential for obtaining precise results, not only in determining arrest occurrence but also in analyzing properties such as fracture velocity history, 3D pressure distributions behind the propagating crack, wall thinning, and crack tip opening angle. The FSI model has demonstrated its value as a cost-effective tool for safety assessments, enabling the development of fracture control plans that specify minimum required material properties and fluid compositions for optimized pipeline design, both onshore and offshore. Additionally, performing virtual studies with the parameterized FSI model enables the generation of synthetic data for training and validating a machine learning surrogate model. This surrogate model can be integrated into industrial practices, facilitating the application of multiphysics modeling without the need for extensive expertise
Integration eines Support-Ticketsystems in die Prozesse des Geschäftsbereichs Informatik + Systeme
No full textEine effiziente Bearbeitung von Kundenanliegen und organisierte Hilfe zu einem digitalen Produkt sind für ein modernes Unternehmen wie die F.EE GmbH unabdingbar. Ein zentraler Bestandteil für ein Support-Team beim Bereitstellen dieser Dienstleistungen ist ein SupportTicketsystem mit Optionen zur Automatisierung von Arbeitsabläufen. Der Geschäftsbereich Informatik + Systeme des Unternehmens F.EE GmbH verwendet zurzeit ein Ticketsystem, das aufgrund eines endenden Supportzeitraums ersetzt werden muss. Ohne Supportunterstützung dürften unter anderem Sicherheitslücken auftreten. Von den vielen am Markt verfügbaren Systemen wurde das Open-Source-Ticketsystem ausgewählt. Zur effektiven Nutzung musste es signifikant erweitert werden
Enhancing Phishing Detection: An Eye-Tracking Study on User Interaction and Oversights in Phishing Emails
No full textPhishing remains a significant threat to organizational security, necessitating effective countermeasures. This paper presents findings from an in-depth eye-tracking study with 103 participants, evaluating the effectiveness of phishing awareness tools and trainings. The study examines how a phishing awareness system influences user behavior, efficiency, and the ability to identify phishing attempts. By analyzing eye movements, the study reveals real-time interactions and oversights, providing insights into the decision-making process. Results indicate that while the system improves the efficiency of users already proficient in phishing detection, it does not universally enhance recognition rates. Notably, participants using the tool spent significantly less time looking at attachment-related phishing markers, indicating partial efficiency improvements. Since phishing attempts containing suspicious attachments were successful in 19% of cases, as compared to an overall phishing success rate of 15%, the phishing awareness tool is particularly useful here. A usability evaluation revealed that users reporting a higher perceived usability score profited more from the help of the tool. Additionally, no improvement in phishing detection rates was observed in users who had completed prior IT-security training, highlighting the necessity for a paradigm shift in phishing training to adequately prepare users for phishing attempts
SPECTRE: A Dataset for Spectral Reconstruction on Chip-Size Spectrometers with a Physics-Informed Augmentation Method
No full textReconstructing usable spectra from an array of optical filters has been central to miniature spectrometers for many years. However, as optical sensors become more suitable for low-cost applications by exploiting sub-par filter characteristics, creating high-quality reconstructions has become increasingly challenging. There has been growing interest in data-driven reconstruction methods within the scientific community to address this issue. The main obstacle to progress in this area is the lack of publicly available and comprehensive datasets for spectral reconstruction. In our research, we propose a physics-informed data augmentation technique to significantly increase the size of datasets for spectral reconstruction and make our augmented dataset, containing 10117 samples, publicly available. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential performance improvements achieved by training complex neural networks for spectral reconstruction using the augmented dataset. Our short benchmark indicates a performance increase of up to four times over the baseline