Publikationsserver der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg
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Werkstattbericht: Erfahrungen aus der Zusammenarbeit mit KI-Agenten für individualisiertes Lernen
No full textDDer Artikel reflektiert praxisbasiert und philosophisch die Zusammenarbeit von Menschen mit KI-Agenten – insbesondere im Kontext des Lernens von Skills auf Experten-Level im Hochschulbereich. Am Beispiel der Entwicklung des KI-unterstützten Multiagentensystem LASSI, das Lernen unterstützt, wird eine Lernreise in drei Phasen erzählt – vom produktiven Staunen über die Verschiebung von Autorenschaft bis hin zur Übernahme von Verantwortung. Die Perspektiven von Entwickler, Professor und Studierenden zeigen, wie sich Mensch-Agenten-Systeme durch Zusammenarbeit verändern. Ergänzend werden drei philosophische Dimensionen – Embodied Knowledge, Enhanced Technologies und Embedded Ethics – herangezogen, um Potenziale und Risiken dieser Systeme zu beleuchten: Was passiert, wenn Intelligenz entkörperlicht, menschliche Fähigkeiten an Technologien ausgelagert und Werte kodiert werden? Der Text plädiert dafür, Agenten nicht als neutrale Werkzeuge, sondern als Mitgestalter im Soziotechnischen System Bildung zu begreifen. In der Schlussbetrachtung wird die Hochschule als Denkwerkstatt skizziert, die durch KI ihre Rolle neu definieren muss: weg vom Prüfungsbetrieb hin zu einem Raum für Urteilskraft und Selbstreflexion. Lernen mit und von Agenten heißt: Lernen neu denken – gemeinsam gestalten
Learning Neural Parametric 3D Breast Shape Models for Metrical Surface Reconstruction From Monocular RGB Videos
No full textWe present a neural parametric 3D breast shape model and, based on this model, introduce a low-cost and accessible 3D surface reconstruction pipeline capable of recovering accurate breast geometry from a monocular RGB video. In contrast to widely used, commercially available yet expensive 3D breast scanning solutions and existing low-cost alternatives, our method requires neither specialized hardware nor proprietary software and can be used with any device that is able to record RGB videos. The key building blocks of our pipeline are a state-of-the-art, off-the-shelf Structure-from-Motion pipeline, paired with a parametric breast model for robust surface reconstruction. Our model, similarly to the recently proposed implicit Regensburg Breast Shape Model (iRBSM), leverages implicit neural representations to model breast shapes. However, unlike the iRBSM, which employs a single global neural Signed Distance Function (SDF), our approach—inspired by recent state-of-the-art face models—decomposes the implicit breast domain into multiple smaller regions, each represented by a local neural SDF anchored at anatomical landmark positions. When incorporated into our surface reconstruction pipeline, the proposed model, dubbed liRBSM (short for localized iRBSM), significantly outperforms the iRBSM in terms of reconstruction quality, yielding more detailed surface reconstruction than its global counterpart. Overall, we find that the introduced pipeline is able to recover high-quality and metrically correct 3D breast geometry within an error margin of less than 2 mm. Our method is fast (requires less than six minutes), fully transparent and open-source, and together with the model publicly available at https://rbsm.re-mic.de/local-implicit
Rainald Manthe: Demokratie fehlt Begegnung. Über Alltagsorte des sozialen Zusammen-halts.
No full textMechanical and structural characterization of heat-staked parts realized by selective laser sintering of polyamide 12
No full textHeat staking is a joining process in which thermoplastic pins are formed by heat and pressure in a form-fitting and insoluble way. This study evaluates the mechanical performance and microstructure of selective laser sintered (SLS) polyamide 12 (PA 12) components before and after heat staking, compared with conventionally turned reference specimens. The components were characterized using tensile tests, micrographs, microscopy, and micro-CT measurements. For the tests, the forces and temperatures during heat staking were varied to determine the best process parameters. Tensile tests revealed that SLS joints achieved strengths of up to 33.6 MPa, approaching the 39.9 MPa of the turned references. Microstructural analysis showed a marked reduction in porosity due to heat staking. Porosity decreased from 3.9% to 1.56% at a staking force of 300 N and from 4.29% to 0.81% at 1000 N, highlighting the beneficial effect of increased force. These results demonstrate that heat staking parameters significantly influence local densification and mechanical performance, and that, under suitable conditions, SLS components can achieve joint strengths comparable to conventionally manufactured parts. The study shows that the heat staking process parameters have a significant influence on the local microstructure and thus on the mechanical performance and provides a basis for optimizing SLS components for new heat staking applications
Effectiveness and safety of techniques for cervical spine immobilization in mountain rescue
No full textBackground
Cervical spine injuries in alpine sports require immediate immobilization at the site of the accident to avoid possible secondary damage caused by transportation. Using special sensor technology, this study investigated whether a cervical spine orthosis (cervical collar, Stifneck collar (Laerdal Medical GmbH, Puchheim, Germany)) provides greater stability than a vacuum mattress alone.
Methods
Using one male test person, we simulated transporting a patient with a spinal injury in steep alpine terrain. A wireless motion capture system (Xsens Technologies, Movella™ Inc., Henderson, USA) was used to record motion in three-dimensional space within a standardized environment. All tests were performed on a set course by the Bavarian Mountain Rescue Service. The test person lay on a mountain rescue stretcher and was immobilized with a vacuum mattress, either with or without a cervical orthosis. The axes of cervical spine movements were analyzed separately.
Results
There were no significant differences between immobilization with and without a cervical orthosis with regard to lateral flexion (max. 3.7° compared to 3.0°) in the frontal plane and maximum excursion in flexion (max. 1.6° compared to 2.8°) or extension (max. -1.6° compared to -1.7°). There was significantly greater rotation movement around the craniocaudal axis without an orthosis (max. 2.4° compared to 1.3°).
Conclusion
During mountain rescues, the cervical spine can be immobilized without a rigid cervical spine orthosis. Future research should explore the fundamental benefits of cervical spine immobilization, while the findings of this work contribute to the safe care of patients by avoiding the disadvantages associated with rigid cervical orthoses
Analysis of a Cuspidal 6R Robot
No full textWe present a theoretical and numerical analysis of the kinematics for the Transpressor, a cuspidal 6R robot. It admits up to 16 inverse kinematics solutions which are described geometrically. For special target poses, we provide the solutions analytically and present a simple numerical solver for the general case. Moreover, an analytical estimate of the Jacobian determinant on a path between two solutions proves cuspidality for a class of robots similar to the transpressor
Generative AI in Business
No full textGenerative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is transforming industries at an unprecedented rate, offering novel opportunities for productivity and innovation. This article explores the adoption of GenAI, highlighting its accelerated uptake compared to previous technologies. Key topics include productivity gains through GenAI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Klarna’s AI assistant), challenges such as data quality and organizational readiness, and the implications for business strategy. Practical recommendations for managing generative AI adoption and maximizing its impact on both individual and organizational levels are also provided. The analysis underscores the necessity of aligning AI capabilities with customer needs and creating data-driven, adaptable business models
Potenzial trotz schwerer Krankheit : Übergangswohnform zur außerklinischen Beatmungsentwöhnung eröffnet Option zur Selbstbestimmung
No full textSelbstbestimmung gilt als wesentlicher Wert in der Sozialen Arbeit.
Wenn Menschen ihre Bedürfnisse kennen und äußern können, trägt dies zum Wohlbefinden bei und steigert die subjektive Lebensqualität. Die Interventionen Sozialer Arbeit sollen es daher ermöglichen, dass Menschen über ihre eigenen Lebensbedingungen Kontrolle erhalten. Wie gestaltet sich aber die Selbstbestimmung bei einer Intensivpflegebedürftigkeit? Dieser Beitrag thematisiert, wie schwer erkrankte Menschen, die beispielsweise von einem Beatmungsgerät abhängig sind, ihre Selbstbestimmung verstehen. Anhand der Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie wird gezeigt, welche Aspekte von
Selbstbestimmung bei schwersten krankheitsbedingten Einschränkungen
individuell priorisiert werden
Structural and functional evolution of HKUST-1 nanoparticles induced by ball milling
No full textIn this study, the effect of post-synthetic ball milling on the structural and functional properties of as-synthesized nanoparticles of the copper-based metal-organic framework (MOF) HKUST-1 was investigated for the first time. Nanoparticles were synthesized using sodium formate as a capping agent. The crystalline particles were subjected to a controlled ball milling process, which induced significant structural changes. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) revealed a reduction in crystallite size from 91 nm to 21 nm and the introduction of microstrain, partially disrupting the MOF's long-range crystalline order, as evidenced by peak broadening and the diminished intensity of high-angle reflections. Particle morphology pre- and post-milling was further studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, verifying a narrow particle size distribution of ± 22 nm after milling. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated protonation of carboxylate groups in the larger pores of the framework, likely due to moisture incorporation during milling. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis showed a substantial decrease in specific surface area from 521 m²/g to 226 m²/g, suggesting a partial collapse of the porous framework. We discuss the applicability of ball milling as a versatile means of post-synthetic approach to reduce MOF particle sizes, a key element in the preparation of MOF-based thin films using inks or polymers
Factory simulation of adhesive bonding processes considering pot-life-induced waste
No full textThe simulation of production systems in the planning phase is an established tool for evaluating system performance under dynamic conditions (Da Silva et al., 2018). When planning a production system that includes time-critical processes such as adhesive bonding, exceeding time constraints (e.g., excessive lead times relative to the adhesive pot-life) can lead to product rejection and scrap. These risks should be analyzed by means of simulation, as it enables the consideration of stochastic effects such as random machine breakdowns, which significantly influence product lead times.
This study focuses on the production of adhesively bonded electrolyzer-cells. Due to the cell design, several handling and stacking operations must be carried out between adhesive application and final joining, so that immediate joining is not feasible and pot-life-induced scrap becomes a critical risk factor. We therefore conducted an exploratory investigation that combines experimental pot-life characterization with discrete-event simulation of a planned electrolyzer-cell production system.
A two-component epoxy adhesive was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry with kinetic analysis, rotational rheometry, and 90° peel tests on application-representative joints. Based on these tests, an application-specific pot-life was derived and implemented as a time-dependent quality criterion in the discrete-event simulation model. A full-factorial simulation study with varied buffer size and mean time to repair at a station availability of 98 % was carried out. The results demonstrated a pronounced trade-off between throughput and pot-life-induced waste and identified a buffer capacity of one and short repair times as the most favorable configuration. Extending pot-life due to different processing temperatures substantially reduced scrap, highlighting the benefit of integrating curing kinetics and dynamic simulation in early-stage production system design for time-critical adhesive processes