Publikationsserver der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg
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Sending motivational emails in text–picture personalised form can be feasible in e-learning: An asynchronous course case
No full textntervention with motivational emails can have a positive effect on course retention in e-learning. It is, however, not yet clear whether different forms of emails affect course retention and how students make progress during the sending of emails. We therefore used a voluntary asynchronous online course with 206 students. Students were randomly divided into four groups: text–picture personalised email vs. text personalised email vs. generalised email vs. no email. Emails were sent weekly for 3 months. Results yield that more students made progress in the text–picture personalised email group than in the control group. Students in all email groups progressed by more units than students in the control group. Only students in email groups completed the course and only students in personalised email groups reacted to the emails. Emails were accepted by most students enrolled. The findings suggest that cost-effective and easily implemented emails can encourage students to progress from unit to unit
Weibliche Soldaten
No full textSeit Ende der 80er Jahre wird in der amerikanischen Militärsoziologie die Frage diskutiert, ob der Beruf des Soldaten eine „profession of arms“ ist, die in einer Institution mit besonderen Merkmalen ausgeübt wird, oder sich vielmehr zu einem „Job wie jeder andere“, also einer „occupation“ entwickelt habe. Versucht man den Unterschied auf einen knappen Nenner zu bringen, so legitimiert sich eine Institution durch spezifische Normen und Werte und verfolgt einen Zweck, der das individuelle Eigeninteresse transzendiert; ein „Job“ oder ein „Beruf wie jeder andere“ folgt demgegenüber dem Prinzip von Angebot und Nachfrage, beruht auf einer Fixierung von Rechten und Pflichten und wird von den Individuen auf der Grundlage utilitaristischer Erwägungen gewählt (vgl. Moskos 1988)
Artificial intelligence as a tool in the detection of the papillary ostium during ERCP
No full textAims
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) is the gold standard in the diagnosis as well as treatment of diseases of the pancreatobiliary tract. However, it is technically complex and has a relatively high complication rate. In particular, cannulation of the papillary ostium remains challenging. The aim of this study is to examine whether a deep-learning algorithm can be used to detect the major duodenal papilla and in particular the papillary ostium reliably and could therefore be a valuable tool for inexperienced endoscopists, particularly in training situation.
Methods
We analyzed a total of 654 retrospectively collected images of 85 patients. Both the major duodenal papilla and the ostium were then segmented. Afterwards, a neural network was trained using a deep-learning algorithm. A 5-fold cross-validation was performed. Subsequently, we ran the algorithm on 5 prospectively collected videos of ERCPs.
Results
5-fold cross-validation on the 654 labeled data resulted in an F1 value of 0.8007, a sensitivity of 0.8409 and a specificity of 0.9757 for the class papilla, and an F1 value of 0.5724, a sensitivity of 0.5456 and a specificity of 0.9966 for the class ostium. Regardless of the class, the average F1 value (class papilla and class ostium) was 0.6866, the sensitivity 0.6933 and the specificity 0.9861. In 100% of cases the AI-detected localization of the papillary ostium in the prospectively collected videos corresponded to the localization of the cannulation performed by the endoscopist.
Conclusions
In the present study, the neural network was able to identify the major duodenal papilla with a high sensitivity and high specificity. In detecting the papillary ostium, the sensitivity was notably lower. However, when used on videos, the AI was able to identify the location of the subsequent cannulation with 100% accuracy. In the future, the neural network will be trained with more data. Thus, a suitable tool for ERCP could be established, especially in the training situation
Enlarging the process window in absorber-free laser transmission welding of polymer foils using tailored laser intensity distribution
No full textAbsorber-free laser transmission welding enables precise and clean joining of polymer foils without absorbent additives or adhesives. It is well suited for applications in medical technology and food industry, which impose high demands on process reliability. To achieve a large process window and thus a reliable process, a homogeneous weld seam temperature is desirable. For this purpose, the intensity distribution of the laser beam is adapted locally by refractive beam shaping optics. Using a donut-shaped intensity distribution, the weld seam temperature is homogenized. Thus, the process window for welding polypropylene or polyethylene foils is enlarged up to a factor of 4 compared to a conventional, Gaussian-shaped distribution. This enables the reliable welding of even 85 µm thin foils, which could only be welded to a limited extent with a conventional laser intensity distribution
KINiro, Künstliche Intelligenz für Nichtregierungsorganisationen - Bedarf, Akzeptanz und Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten. 1. Arbeitspapier: Künstliche Intelligenz in Nichtregierungsorganisationen: Ein Scoping Review über ein junges Forschungsfeld
No full textHintergrund und Fragestellung
Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO) sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Zivilgesellschaft und interagieren auch mit Regierungen, Unternehmen und anderen gesellschaftlichen Akteuren. Aufgrund der komplexer werdenden Arbeit von NROs scheint Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) Möglichkeiten zur Bewältigung aktueller und zukünftiger Herausforderungen zu bieten. Jedoch ist wenig über die Arbeit von NROs mit KI bekannt. Daher beschäftigt sich das Projekt KINiro in diesem ersten Working Paper mit der Frage, welche (nicht-)wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zum Themenkomplex NROs und KI bereits vorliegen.
Methodik
Es wurde ein Scoping Review zur Erfassung (nicht-)wissenschaftlicher Texte zu NROs und KI durchgeführt. Die systematische Literaturrecherche wurde in den Datenbanken Web of Science, Science Gate und WISO durchgeführt. In den Review wurden schließlich 14 Titel eingeschlossen und qualitativ analysiert.
Ergebnisse
Die Mehrheit der gefundenen Treffer sind Pressemitteilungen. Unter den Treffern befinden sich lediglich zwei (wissenschaftliche) Studien. Die NROs setzen sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen mit der Thematik von KI auseinander, wobei sich zwei Herangehensweisen unterscheiden lassen. Einige NROs nehmen am gesellschaftlichen Diskurs über den Einsatz von KI teil und treiben diesen in theoretischer Hinsicht voran, ohne die Technik dabei selbst zu nutzen. Andere NROs integrieren die KI-Systeme praktisch in ihre Arbeitsabläufe oder führen Projekte zum Zweck der NRO mit KI-Unterstützung durch. Für die Entwicklung von KI-Anwendungen wird mit For-Profit-Unternehmen kooperiert und die Expertise der Unternehmen mit Daten der NROs kombiniert. Durch den Einsatz von KI erhoffen sich NROs einen gezielteren Einsatz von Ressourcen. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass für die Nutzung in KI-Systemen ein interdisziplinärer Konsens über Standards in Datenerhebung und Speicherung als notwendig angesehen wird.
Schlussfolgerung
Aus der geringen Anzahl an gefundenen Texten, insbesondere (wissenschaftlichen) Studien, und dem Veröffentlichungszeitraum, der in den vergangenen sieben Jahren liegt, lässt sich schließen, dass es sich um einen jungen Forschungsbereich handelt. Die ausgeschlossenen Titel zeigen auf, dass NROs aktuell noch häufiger mit der Digitalisierunge allgemein beschäftigt sind und die Auseinandersetzung mit KI erst noch am Anfang steht
Using markerless motion capture and musculoskeletal models: An evaluation of joint kinematics
No full textBACKGROUND: This study presents a comprehensive comparison between a marker-based motion capture system (MMC) and a video-based motion capture system (VMC) in the context of kinematic analysis using musculoskeletal models. OBJECTIVE: Focusing on joint angles, the study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of VMC as a viable alternative for biomechanical research.
METHODS: Eighteen healthy subjects performed isolated movements with 17 joint degrees of freedom, and their kinematic data were collected using both an MMC and a VMC setup. The kinematic data were entered into the AnyBody Modelling System, which enables the calculation of joint angles. The mean absolute error (MAE) was calculated to quantify the deviations between the two systems.
RESULTS: The results showed good agreement between VMC and MMC at several joint angles. In particular, the shoulder, hip and knee joints showed small deviations in kinematics with MAE values of 4.8∘, 6.8∘ and 3.5∘, respectively. However, the study revealed problems in tracking hand and elbow movements, resulting in higher MAE values of 13.7∘ and 27.7∘. Deviations were also higher for head and thoracic movements.
CONCLUSION: Overall, VMC showed promising results for lower body and shoulder kinematics. However, the tracking of the wrist and pelvis still needs to be refined. The research results provide a basis for further investigations that promote the fusion of VMC and musculoskeletal models
Prerequisites and Causal Recipes for Manufacturers’ IT-Enabled Service Innovation Success
No full textFor manufacturing firms, success in innovating IT-enabled services is a critical antecedent to benefit from digital servitization of their business models. Digital servitization literature has explored mechanisms for success in innovating IT-enabled services, indicating that the phenomenon is multifaceted and needs to be explained from multiple theoretical perspectives. We derive a conceptual model for success in innovating IT-enabled services covering its multifaceted nature by referring to knowledge-based and organizational control theory. We test this model using qualitative cases of IT-enabled service innovation initiatives in manufacturing firms and use set-theoretic analyses to account for the multifaceted nature of the phenomenon. The necessary condition analysis yields that a certain degree of service innovation capabilities is a prerequisite for success. With the results of a qualitative comparative analysis, we obtain five solution terms as causal recipes for success in innovating IT-enabled services. Our results contribute to research by offering a theory-based approach that explains the multiplicity of success in IT-enabled service innovation. Practitioners benefit from our results by understanding prerequisites and causal recipes for success while learning from unsuccessful initiatives in innovating IT-enabled services of manufacturing firms. Our study is also an example of how to rigorously calibrate qualitative data using a structured approach
Akzeptanz und Nutzung von Telepräsenzrobotik – Die Sicht der Proband*innen
No full textDer Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse der standardisierten Akzeptanzbefragungen vor, die im Rahmen der Feldstudie des Forschungsprojektes Dein Haus 4.0 Oberpfalz durchgeführt wurden. Schlaganfallbetroffene Personen wurden zu verschiedenen Aspekten der Akzeptanz, Nutzungsbereitschaft und des Nutzens der getesteten Telepräsenzrobotik in einer Längsschnittstudie befragt
Enhancement of magnetoelectric effect in polymer composites at low resonance frequencies by operation in the transverse-transverse mode
No full textThe resonant direct magnetoelectric (ME) effect for a series of multilayer heterostructures comprising a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) of different thicknesses and a commercially available piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-based vibration sensor has been investigated in detail. The specimens were rigidly fixed at one end as cantilevers. The cantilevers were operated in the transverse-transverse (T-T) mode, where both magnetic and electric fields were perpendicular to the plane of a non-deformed heterostructure. It is shown that the ME voltage coefficient of considered heterostructures in the T-T mode can be about 20-fold higher than in the conventional longitudinal–transverse (L-T) mode. The highest ME voltage coefficient reached about 150 V/(Oe·cm) at the first bending oscillation mode for the sample with MAE layer thickness of 4 mm. Mechanism of the resonant ME effect in T-T mode is explained using theory of critical bending of MAE cantilevers. Magnetic fields, when the ME voltage reaches its maximum, strongly depended on the MAE layer thickness, and could be associated with the critical field, where the structure commences to strongly bend. The non-monotonous dependence of the resonance frequency of the first oscillation mode on magnetic field strength was observed. The shift of the resonance frequency in the maximum magnetic field reached up to roughly 100 % in comparison with zero field
