Publikationsserver der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg
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Analysis of Photodynamic Therapeutic Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer In Vitro
No full textPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive cancer treatment method. The antitumor effect of PDT mediated by the photosensitizer meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC) was studied in vitro on HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer cells. Since the application of m-THPC is limited due to poor tumor targeting abilities, the polymer carrier dextran-grafted-polyacrylamide (D-g-PAA) with attached gold nanoparticles was loaded with m-THPC to provide a light-responsive, tumor targeting nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was absorbed by the cancer cells within 90 min and activated through irradiation with red light at a wavelength of 660 nm. In this study, the efficiency and ideal dose of the nanocomposite were evaluated and determined based on cell viability and induction of apoptosis of HER2+ breast cancer cells and human breast epithelial cells. We demonstrate that the nanocomposite exhibited phototoxicity with cell mortality exceeding 50% for the HER2+ breast cancer cells. In contrast, the human breast epithelial cells were minimally affected at the same concentration of the nanocomposite, demonstrating the tumor-targeting abilities of the developed nanocomposite. Dark toxicity was also comparably lower, indicating the limited effect of the unactivated nanocomposite. The results revealed that apoptosis was the primary mode of cell death in HER2+ breast cancer cells. Apoptotic cell death was induced in HER2+ breast cancer cells via the caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax pathways. In conclusion, the studied nanocomposite demonstrated excellent PDT performance with good antitumor activity under light irradiation in vitro and is worthy of further investigation as an alternative treatment for HER2+ breast cancer
Entrepreneurship Education in the Danube Region
No full textResources for entrepreneurship education are not evenly distributed around the world, and territorial cooperation is often necessary. This is particularly true for the Eastern European region and especially for the Danube region. Entrepreneurship research (including entrepreneurship education) has a long tradition in Western countries but catching up and integration into international networks poses a challenge, especially for Eastern countries. The aim of this special issue is to contribute to the development of this international cooperation by presenting research and best practices in entrepreneurship education in Central and Eastern Europe.
The special issue is part of the Danube Cup initiative, which combines entrepreneurship teaching and research to provide opportunities for entrepreneurship educators to benchmark best educational practices and develop inspiring research results in the field of entrepreneurship education
Männliche Fachkräfte – eine Ressource in der Frühpädagogik – Hindernisse und Handlungsmöglichkeiten im Akquiseprozess
No full textDie praktische Sozialpädagogik in Deutschland ist ein überwiegend von Frauen dominiertes Arbeitsfeld. Männer sind nach wie vor in der institutionellen Erziehungsarbeit nicht genügend repräsentiert. Im Zuge der Geschlechtergleichstellung und den von der Weltgemeinschaft in der Agenda 2030 formulierten Nachhaltigkeitszielen (Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)) ist demnach die Forderung nach einer Anhebung des Männeranteils in der Frühpädagogik eine logische Forderung um Gleichberechtigung zu schaffen und die Diversität des Arbeitsfeldes zu fördern. Nachfolgender Artikel zeigt mögliche Ursachen für die geringe Zahl der Männer in diesem Handlungsfeld auf und leitet Handlungsempfehlungen für die institutionelle Praxis ab
The Power of Social Agencies in the Process of Transnational Care: Insights from Taiwan and Germany
No full textIn Taiwan as well as in Germany, people dependent on nursing care are supported in their homes by outpatient services. As the number of very old people is rising, so is the demand of caretakers who live in the home of the person dependent on support and nursing care on a permanent basis. For this purpose, and primarily for financial reasons, in Taiwan as well as in Germany, care-migrants are hired who are motivated to do care work abroad because it enables them to offer their families in the country of origin a ‘better life’. The employment of these so-called 24-h-carers are regulated by legislative measures, which, however, do not guarantee appropriate working conditions for the care personnel. The procurement of care staff is primarily done by private agencies that have taken hold of this field because of a lack of public policy measures regulating care employment by migrant workers
A Showcase of LLMs in Action: SQL Generation from Natural Language (Demo Paper)
No full textToday, large language models are a very efficient tool for human-computer interaction using natural language. Chatbots like ChatGPT and their corresponding APIs can be used to solve a large variety of tasks that are provided in human-comprehensible sentences, for example generating SQL queries. Executing spoken SQL queries in a database system poses a challenge, because the various syntactical details of SQL are usually not provided verbally. Here, the LLM can help to augment the recognized raw query with the syntax elements needed for successful execution. Furthermore, the correct spelling of table and column names can be derived from the database schema provided in the LLM prompt. This work showcases four use cases in which LLMs assist in querying database systems: (1) A plugin for phpMyAdmin for voice-query input in natural language, (2) a chart generator, (3) an Alexa skill, and (4) a speech-controlled action game SQL Invaders
Decoding concrete’s environmental performance: A detailed analysis of global EPDs across the entire life cycle
No full textEnvironmental Product Declarations (EPDs) for concrete are essential tools to quantify the environmental impact of this versatile building material throughout its life cycle, supporting sustainable choices in construction. Concrete is made up of raw materials like cement, water, aggregates, additives, and admixtures, which can be mixed in diverse ways. This variability often necessitates site-specific EPDs, as emissions and environmental impacts depend greatly on cement type, transport routes, and specific production processes. This study analyses various data sources, focusing on EPDs according to ISO 14025 and EN 15804. The life cycle phases A1-A3, B1-B7, C1-C4 and D are considered and compared. The results demonstrate that factors such as scenario assumptions, methodological choices, and allocation procedures significantly influence concrete’s environmental impact. Transparent EPDs improve assessment reliability, while allocation methods, especially in phases D and end-of-life, significantly influence reported benefits, underscoring the importance of careful allocation for accurate impact evaluations. Improved standardisation, transparency, and alignment with EN 16757 would enhance EPD comparability and reliability. Overall, the study identifies key parameters such as recycling potential, production stage and allocation methods as substantial factors in the environmental performance of concrete
From their eyes: Deaflympic athletes' and coaches' perspectives on mental training
No full textINTRODUCTION
Sport psychology research has largely overlooked athletes with hearing impairments competing in Deaflympic sports, the designated elite sporting movement for this population. This study therefore explored Deaflympic athletes' and coaches' perspectives on mental training in the elite Deaf sports.
METHODS
A qualitative approach was used, involving six focus group interviews with 23 athletes (Mage = 33.09; 26.1% female) and four coaches from individual and team Deaf sports. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Three themes emerged: sport psychology consultation, the influence of visual orientation on psychological skills and demands, and Deaf sport culture and communication. While participants expressed strong interest in sport psychology, engagement with professionals was limited by accessibility issues, lack of sign language-fluent consultants, and structural barriers. Deaf athletes reported adapting some techniques to match their visual-spatial orientation and both advantages and challenges of visual reliance in sports. Distinct communication dynamics between native signers and spoken-language users within Deaf teams were also revealed.
DISCUSSION
These findings highlight the importance of culturally sensitive sport psychology frameworks that support the needs and preferences of Deaflympic athletes and promote equitable access to effective mental training resources
Triadic relationships in home care nursing: an integrative review of the views and experiences of older couples and nurses
No full textBACKGROUND
The need for long-term home care for older people with chronic health conditions is rising, and family members are bearing the brunt of this care work. Caring for a partner is a common scenario. Caregiving partners are often of advanced age themselves and have limiting health conditions of their own. Nurses need to consider the specific characteristics of partner caregiving to provide relationship-centred care. This review aims to analyse perceptions of the triadic relationship between older persons with long-term care needs, their caregiving partners and nurses and to identify approaches that can be supportive approaches that can help couples to cope with at-home care situations.
METHODS
This integrative review following the method outlined by Whittemore and Knafl focuses on qualitative and mixed methods studies. A systematic search in the PubMed and CINAHL databases served to identify studies dealing with experiences and perceptions of triadic care arrangements in home-based care from the perspectives of nurses, care recipients and caregiving partners. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and investigated perceptions of the triadic relationship between nurses providing home care and older couples. They were analysed using thematic analysis.
RESULTS
The results show that triadic relationships in home-based care are shaped by social dynamics, role conflicts and barriers to communication. Although many couples are initially reluctant to integrate nursing professionals into home caregiving, mutual trust can develop when personnel continuity is given and sustained relationship work is performed. Clear communication, clarity on the distribution of tasks and proactive knowledge sharing by nurses facilitate cooperation. Caregiving partners desire support with self-care to preserve their ability to continue in their caregiving roles in the long term.
CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the dynamics of triadic relationships in nursing care and the care situation in couple relationships enables nurses to provide more targeted support to older couples. Proactive communication, role clarity and continuity of care can reduce the burden shouldered by caregiving partners and improve care quality. Further research focusing on strategies for strengthening relationship-centred interventions in home-based care is desirable.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER
Not applicable
Optimierung der Materialzusammensetzung und Fertigung tragender Lehmbauteile
No full textZwischenpräsentation Forschungskolloquium Promotionszentrum Integrales Baue
Instrumentenerkennung während der endoskopischen Submukosadissektion mittels künstlicher Intelligenz
No full textEinleitung: Die endoskopische Submukosadissektion (ESD) ist eine komplexe Technik zur Resektion gastrointestinaler Frühneoplasien. Dabei werden für die verschiedenen Schritte der Intervention spezifische endoskopische Instrumente verwendet. Die präzise und automatische Erkennung und Abgrenzung der verwendeten Instrumente (Injektionsnadeln, elektrochirurgische Messer mit unterschiedlichen Konfigurationen, hämostatische Zangen) könnte wertvolle Informationen über den Fortschritt und die Verfahrensmerkmale der ESD liefern und eine automatische standardisierte Berichterstattung ermöglichen.
Ziele: Ziel dieser Studie war die Entwicklung eines KI-Algorithmus zur Erkennung und Delineation von endoskopischen Instrumenten bei der ESD.
Methodik: 17 ESD-Videos (9×rektal, 5×ösophageal, 3×gastrisch) wurden retrospektiv zusammengestellt. Auf 8530 Einzelbilder dieser Videos wurden durch 2 Studienmitarbeiter die folgenden Klassen eingezeichnet: Hakenmesser – Spitze, Hakenmesser – Katheter, Nadelmesser – Spitze und – Katheter, Injektionsnadel -Spitze und – Katheter sowie hämostatische Zange – Spitze und – Katheter. Der annotierte Datensatz wurde zum Training eines DeepLabV3+-Deep-Learning-Algorithmus mit ConvNeXt-Backbone zur Erkennung und Abgrenzung der genannten Klassen verwendet. Die Evaluation erfolgte durch 5-fache interne Kreuzvalidierung.
Ergebnis: Die Validierung auf Einzelpixelbasis ergab insgesamt einen F1-Score von 0,80, eine Sensitivität von 0,81 und eine Spezifität von 1,00. Es wurden F1-Scores von 1,00, 0,97, 0,80, 0,98, 0,85, 0,97, 0,80, 0,51 bzw. 0,85 für die Klassen Hakenmesser – Katheter und – Spitze, Nadelmesser – Katheter und – Spitze, Injektionsnadel – Katheter und – Spitze, hämostatische Zange – Katheter und – Spitze gemessen.
Schlussfolgerung: In dieser Studie wurden die wichtigsten endoskopischen Instrumente, die während der ESD verwendet werden, mit hoher Genauigkeit erkannt. Die geringere Leistung bei der hämostatische Zange – Katheter kann auf die Unterrepräsentation dieser Klassen in den Trainingsdaten zurückgeführt werden. Zukünftige Studien werden sich auf die Erweiterung der Instrumentenklassen sowie auf die Ausbalancierung der Trainingsdaten konzentrieren