Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Evaluation of The Effectiveness of A Combination of Pharmacological Substances For The Purpose of Improving Adaptation and Increasing Physical Endurance to Intensive Physical Activity
No full textThe last 10-15 years have been characterized by the introduction into sports practice of a huge number of pharmacological preparations used with the general goal of increasing the general and special physical performance of athletes and accelerating recovery. Sports pharmacology, as a branch of sports medicine, currently represents a fully formed and rapidly developing direction of the so-called "pharmacology of a healthy person", the tasks of which are the correction of the functional state of the body of a healthy person in complicated (extreme) operating conditions. The article presents data obtained as a result of an experimental study of a new combination of known pharmacological substances permitted for use in terms of anti-doping legislation to improve the adaptive and restorative capabilities of the body
Exploring the Geographical Distribution of Groundwater Sources and their Associations to Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Review
No full textThis review explores the geographical distribution of groundwater sources and their potential link to chronic kidney diseases (CKD), with a focus on relevancy to Iraq. Groundwater is a crucial water source for many regions, including parts of Iraq, and its availability and quality vary significantly across geographical locations due to geological, hydrological and anthropogenic factors. The review examines studies and data from various locations including Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia and Iraq to identify patterns and associations between groundwater quality and CKD prevalence. These regions provide useful case studies due to widespread groundwater usage, available research, and diverse environmental settings. The findings highlight how groundwater mineral composition can impact CKD rates in different areas. In Iraq, chronic kidney disease has spread widely in recent years as some communities have increasingly relied on groundwater extraction for drinking and irrigation, due to declining flows in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The review investigates factors influencing groundwater quality and considers their potential influence on chronic kidney disease in Iraq and other regions. While an association between groundwater and CKD is evident, additional research is still needed to fully characterize this relationship and its public health implications when accounting for confounding variables and clarifying mechanisms. The review provides valuable insights for studying the spatial distribution of CKD in Iraq and surrounding areas
The Impact of Qurecus Persica Stem Peel Secondary Compound Extracts on Enterobius Vermicularis Parasite in Vitro
No full text: Q. persica plant stem peel found in north region of Iraq and has active compound and also used in traditional medicine in ancient time. the present analysis was done to assess the impacts of cold as well as hot water extracts of Q. persica stem peel in the viability of E. vermicularis in vitro as well as detect the poignant plant for extraction secondary compound including alkaloids and phenolics to test in paralyze and killing of worms. The plant was purchased from Al-Hikma Herbarium, then the all extracts were prepared and experimented on this parasite, the results displayed that cold water extract of Q. persica stem peel have powerful impact especially the concentration of 60 mg/ml, in an average time (presented as mean± standared devision) for pinworms paralyzis and die equal to 143.66 ± 0.33 and 195.00 ± 0.57min, respectively, with a significant differences. Concentration 60 mg/ml of praziquantil drug was succeeded against the pinworms; it led to paralyze it in 180.00±0.57 mins, while the average time for causing death was 240.00± 0.57 i8 mins.In context of secondary compounds of Q. persica stem peel, a higher impact of phenolics on pinworms, it led to paralyzes and die at 80.00 ± 0.57 and 111.66±0.88 min, respectively, especially in 60 mg/ml concentration; the alkaloids come behind phenolics, it was leading to paralyzes and die with 60 mg/ml concentration at 211.0 ± 0.57 and 203.0 ± 0.57 min, respectively
Molecular and Statistical Study to Detect Infection with Entamoeba histolytica Isolated from Children’s Feces in The City of Nasiriyah
No full textEntamoeba histolytica is a significant gastrointestinal protozoan parasite worldwide, particularly in developing nations, where it leads to amebiasis and severe health complications. It is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route by ingesting contaminated food or water. This study was conducted at Bint Alhuda Hospital in Nasiriyah City between February 2023 and November 2024 to determine the prevalence of E. histolytica infection among children with diarrheal symptoms. Stool samples were analyzed using microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Limited data exist on the molecular and statistical prevalence of E. histolytica infections in children in Nasiriyah City, particularly regarding age- and gender-specific infection rates. The study aimed to assess the incidence of E. histolytica infection in 2112 children using microscopic and molecular methods and to analyze infection rates by gender and age groups. Infection rates were 13.5% in 2023 and 16.1% in 2024, with statistically significant differences (P<0.01). Males had a higher infection rate than females (P<0.05). The highest prevalence was in children under one year, while the lowest was in those over six years. PCR confirmed that 75% of microscopically positive samples contained E. histolytica. This study provides new epidemiological insights into E. histolytica infection trends in Nasiriyah City using molecular and statistical approaches. The findings highlight the need for improved public health interventions, including better sanitation and targeted health education, to reduce infections, particularly among vulnerable pediatric populations
Personal Curiosity and Its Relationship to the Belief in Quick Learning Among University Students
No full textPersonal Curiosity and Its Relationship to the Belief in Quick Learning Among University Students – The present study sought to investigate the degree of individual inquisitiveness among university students, the conviction regarding rapid acquisition of knowledge, variations in individual curiosity according to gender (male–female) and field of study (scientific–humanities), variations in the belief in rapid learning according to gender and field of study, as well as the relationship between personal curiosity and the perception of rapid learning. A random sample of 377 students from Al-Qadisiyah University for the academic year 2023-2024 was selected, and two scales were employed: the Personal Curiosity Scale, formulated based on Litman’s theory (2005) comprising 20 items, and the Belief in Quick Learning Scale, created by Schommer (2000) consisting of 12 items. Both instruments were translated into Arabic, and their psychometric qualities (validity and reliability) were evaluated prior to implementation. Findings revealed that university students demonstrate intrinsic curiosity and possess a conviction in rapid learning capabilities; while significant disparities in personal curiosity were observed according to gender and specialization, no differences in the belief in rapid learning were found based on these variables. Ultimately, a favorable association was identified between personal curiosity and the belief in rapid learning, leading the study to offer a series of recommendations and proposals
The Genetic Basis of Biofilm Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii and Its Clinical Implications
No full textAcinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen known for its remarkable ability to form biofilms, contributing significantly to its persistence in hospital environments and resistance to antimicrobial treatments. Biofilm formation in A. baumannii is a complex, genetically regulated process involving a network of genes responsible for adhesion, extracellular matrix production, and stress response. Key genetic determinants include the bap gene, which encodes the biofilm-associated protein, the csu operon involved in pilus-mediated surface attachment, and the ompA gene, which enhances adhesion and immune evasion. Additionally, quorum sensing regulators such as abaI play a crucial role in coordinating biofilm development. The presence of these genetic elements not only enhances the pathogen’s ability to colonize medical devices but also significantly increases its tolerance to antibiotics, leading to chronic infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Clinically, biofilm formation in A. baumannii is associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and wound infections, posing a major challenge for treatment. Conventional antibiotics often fail to penetrate biofilms effectively, necessitating alternative therapeutic approaches such as quorum sensing inhibitors, biofilm-disrupting agents, and combination therapies. Understanding the genetic basis of biofilm formation is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate A. baumannii-associated infections. Future research should focus on novel anti-biofilm strategies, including gene-targeting therapies and the use of biofilm-resistant biomaterials in medical devices. Addressing this issue is essential for improving patient outcomes and controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii in healthcare settings
The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Bacterial Virulence and Host-Pathogen Interactions
No full textNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as pivotal regulators in bacterial virulence and host-pathogen interactions. Unlike coding RNAs, ncRNAs do not encode proteins but play essential roles in gene regulation, influencing various bacterial processes critical for pathogenesis. This review highlights the multifaceted roles of ncRNAs in modulating bacterial virulence factors, such as toxin production, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and immune evasion. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), a major class of ncRNAs, act by base-pairing with target mRNAs or interacting with proteins to control gene expression post-transcriptionally. Through these mechanisms, sRNAs enable bacteria to swiftly adapt to environmental changes and host defenses, enhancing their survival and pathogenicity. Additionally, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in host cells are increasingly recognized for their role in the host immune response to bacterial infections. These host lncRNAs can influence the expression of genes involved in inflammation and immune signaling pathways, thereby shaping the outcome of infections. The interplay between bacterial ncRNAs and host regulatory networks underscores a dynamic co-evolution of host-pathogen interactions. Advances in RNA sequencing and bioinformatics have unraveled the complexity of ncRNA-mediated regulation, providing insights into novel therapeutic targets. Disrupting ncRNA pathways holds potential for combating bacterial infections by impairing virulence without exerting selective pressure for resistance. Understanding the intricate roles of ncRNAs offers a promising frontier in the study of bacterial pathogenesis and the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies. This review underscores the need for further research into ncRNAs as key players in the molecular dialogue between pathogens and their hosts
Cu3BiS3 Nanocomposites for Optoelectronics and NO2 gas Sensing
No full textThis paper focuses on Cu3BiS3 nanocomposites that were produced using solvothermal technique in the presence of a capping agent known as Mercaptoacetic acid (MMA). The study also shows that these nanostructures have the possibility of being used in optoelectronic and gas sensing industries. FE-SEM analysis, XRD diffraction pattern, and UV-Vis spectroscopy reveal regular nanostructures with crystalline nature and the ability to control their optical features. Electrical measurements show promising PIV performance and temperature-dependent Hall Effect measurements provide information about main charge transport channels. The study of the dynamic response of the nanocomposite to NO2 is performed through dynamic response curves as a function of operating temperature and shows a more detailed and richer interdependence between operating temperature and sensing performance. Interestingly, the sensitivity is maximized at 100°C which is a remarkable improvement in the development of the room-temperature gas detecting device. This work expands the knowledge on ternary chalcogenide nanocomposites and suggests ways in which they can be implemented in future optoelectronic and environmental applications. This systematic study helps in understanding the structural, optical, electrical and gas sensing characteristics of Cu3BiS3 nanocomposites for various technological applications
Outcomes of Supracondylar Humeral Fracture Fixation in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review
No full textSupracondylar humeral fractures are common elbow fractures in children, a major concern in pediatric orthopedics. Management is crucial for maintaining function and preventing deformity. Various fixation techniques are used for optimal outcomes. To synthesize current knowledge on the various fixation techniques used for supracondylar humeral fractures in the pediatric population, focusing on outcomes, healing rates, and complication profiles associated with each method. This review explores literature on fixation of supracondylar humeral fractures in children, comparing pinning techniques, external fixation, and conservative management. It assesses the efficacy of different fixation methods in terms of anatomical and functional outcomes, healing time, and complications. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning are widely accepted techniques for bone healing, elbow function, and low complication rates. Variations in pin configurations, such as crossed or lateral pinning, have their advantages and risks. External fixation and open reduction are less commonly required but are indicated in specific contexts, such as severely displaced fractures or when closed reduction is unsuccessful. Long-term outcomes generally show excellent functional recovery, with most children regaining full or near-full range of motion and strength.
The management of supracondylar humeral fractures in pediatric patients is crucial for optimal healing and functional recovery. Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning is the cornerstone, with fixation techniques tailored to individual fracture characteristics and surgeon expertise. Further research is encouraged for better understanding
Green Preparation of Nano-Curcumin Extract and its Applications on Klebseilla Pneumoneiae and Staphylococcus Aureus
No full textThis study aims to identify the inhibitory effect of curcumin extract and iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method from curcumin extract as a reducing agent, and to test their antimicrobial activity against Klsensiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus using disk diffusion method. The nanoparticles were characterized using (XRD, SEM, Zeta sizer, zeta potentioal, VSM) techniques, where the crystalline size of the nanoparticles was . 26.8nm and the surface morphology of the particle tends to form spherical clusters with an average hydrodynamic size of 27.58 nm and has a negative charge of about -29.7mV and the zeta size examination showed about 256.4 nm and the particles showed a saturation magnetization of about. The results indicated that the aqueous curcumin extract did not show any inhibitory effect on the bacterial isolates, while the alcoholic extract gave the highest inhibition diameter at a concentration of 500 mg/ml 8 mm for K. pneumoniae. As for the curcumin extract with nano iron oxide, the inhibition diameters for K. pneumoniae at concentrations (600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100 μg/ml) were (15, 13, 11. , 9, 7, 5) mm, respectively. As for S. aureus, the average inhibition diameters at the same concentrations were (18, 17, 14, 13) mm