All Academic Research: OJS
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LOW BACK PAIN AND THEIR RISK FACTORS AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN RAJSHAHI CITY CORPORATION, BANGLADESH
Get PDFLow back pain (LBP) is a nonspecific condition of acute or chronic pain in or near the lumbosacral spines that can be caused by inflammatory, degenerative, neoplastic, gynecologic, traumatic, metabolic, or other disorders. LBP is a universal health problem. It is a common experience in the life of almost every human being, as well as a growing cause of direct and indirect costs for the social systems in many industrialized countries. The aim of the study was to find out the characteristics and risk factors of low back pain among the healthcare providers working in Rajshahi City Corporation. This study was based on a quantitative and analytical cross-sectional design. This design was chosen because it is useful and less expensive and enables the researchers to meet the study objectives in a short period of time. In the present study, risk factors like age, sex, knowledge, body weight, BMI and dietary habits were not found to be related to low back pain of the respondent. Rather history of lifting heavy weights, sedentary lifestyle, occupational hazards, defective posture, unhealthy sitting habits and lack of initiative in maintaining healthy lifestyle practices and Non-compliance towards preventive measures were identified as risk factors for their low back pain. Active pain was absent among about 50% study population. Among most of the respondent there was no radiation of pain to the thigh or leg. The posture aggravating pain was sitting. Walking also intensified their pain. As healthcare provider, the respondent are well aware about the risk factors of low back pain. But, like Non-medical professionals they are also reluctant to take preventive measures and in accepting proper management of the health problem from qualified medical personnel. Lifestyle of modern society itself act as a precipitating factor in causing low back pain.Educational programs and counseling on prevention and coping strategies for musculoskeletal disorders be made mandatory for healthcare professionals in order to reduce the rate of occupational musculoskeletal disorders. Practice of short time physical training of light exercises may improve the situation
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY'S ROLE IN SECURING DATA AND PREVENTING CYBERATTACKS: A DETAILED REVIEW
Get PDFThis systematic review examines the role of blockchain technology in enhancing data security and preventing cyberattacks across various sectors. Blockchain's decentralized and immutable ledger system, secured through cryptographic mechanisms like cryptographic hashes and asymmetric encryption, offers robust protection against unauthorized access and data tampering. The study highlights blockchain's ability to maintain data integrity and immutability, essential for applications requiring high levels of trust, such as financial transactions and healthcare records. The review also emphasizes the significance of smart contracts, which automate and enforce contract terms, thereby reducing human error and fraud. Sector-specific applications in finance, healthcare, supply chain management, and the Internet of Things demonstrate blockchain's versatility in addressing diverse security challenges. However, significant challenges, including scalability issues, high energy consumption, and regulatory and legal hurdles, impede the widespread adoption of blockchain technology. Addressing these challenges is crucial for realizing blockchain's full potential in cybersecurity. This review underscores the need for continued research and development to overcome these obstacles and fully harness blockchain's capabilities in securing data and preventing cyberattacks.
 
Mapping Tornado Hotspots in the U.S.: Spatial and Temporal Analysis Across the U.S.
Get PDFTornadoes rank among the most damaging weather events in the US. They put lives at risk, wreck infrastructure, and upset economic systems. This study examines data from 1950 to 2022 using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to uncover tornado hotspots, pinpoint high-risk areas, and grasp why some regions face bigger threats. States such as Texas, Alabama, and Oklahoma proved to be risk zones due to high tornado activity, which leads to major damage, deaths, and money losses. Texas tops the list as the state tornadoes hit hardest, with the most recorded events and severe economic blows. Season patterns show tornadoes strike most in late spring and early summer creating a pressing need to get ready during these months. The research also sheds light on the toll on key infrastructure, such as U.S. interstate highways. These results offer key insights to steer disaster management and mitigate risks for the most exposed areas
Impact of Ethical Frameworks in Clinical Care on Prescription Practices and Patient Outcomes
Get PDFThe ethical decision-making process in a clinical setting is vital in improving patient care. Yet, many a time, the quality of the physician’s prescriptions is broken by outside forces like polypharmacy, private hospitals, and pathological laboratories. The research looks into the closely-knit workings of doctors and medical institutions, and how pharmaceutical companies reward strategies such as sponsored luncheons and conferences in order to sway health care policy. These become a problem because they lead to unnecessary treatment, higher costs of health care and even pain to the patients. Drawing on the analysis of the ethical problems created by such conflicts of interest, this essay seeks to highlight the need to incorporate rule utilitarianism in clinical decision making. Rule utilitarianism, which calls for adherence to core principles of ethics to enhance social good, is a solution to the problem of unscrupulous practices in medicine. The study suggests measures such as limiting the engagement of pharmaceutical marketers and adopting the use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) to enhance the quality of prescriptions. It has also proposed setting up an automated Prescription Quality Assessment System (APQAS) to monitor and maintain the quality of clinical prescriptions within and between healthcare facilities. Professional codes of ethics are seen as essential tools in upholding standard practices, especially for developing countries like Bangladesh and India, which have a poorly enforced regulatory environment and a culture of unethical behaviors. There is hope, that due conflicts of interest could be reduced with the use of ethical decision-making systems and modern health systems technologies such as emphasis on patients care
PLIGHT OF PARTITION IN KHUSHWANT SINGH’S TRAIN TO PAKISTAN
Get PDFIn August 1947, the British left Indian Subcontinent after almost 200 years. British India was divided into two independent Nations - India and Pakistan. The distribution of human was based on the religion. Pakistan had the majority of Muslims while India having Hindu majority. This division of Indian subcontinent and the formation of two independent nations is known as ‘partition’ in history. The leaders who dreamt of the partition wanted to free the land from the oppression of British Raj. But they couldn’t guess that right after the end of a struggle story, another will start. A huge religious clash emerged throughout the land. Muslims were forced to march towards Pakistan while Hindus and Sikhs were forced to march towards India. Most of them literally had no idea why the English left India, why they are leaving their homes and whether they will ever return or not. Khushwant Singh's novel Train to Pakistan pictures how a peaceful land turns into a death-land after the partition. The paper seeks to shed lights on the plight of Partition detailed in Khushwant Singh's Train to Pakistan and attempts to analyze the horrible experience of puzzled common people.
 
THE PREVALENCE OF SOCIAL DISRESPECT TOWARDS CAREGIVERS: A BARRIER TO INDUSTRY GROWTH AND QUALITY ELDERLY CARE IN BANGLADESH
Get PDFThis study systematically reviews the issue of social disrespect towards caregivers in Bangladesh and its far-reaching implications for the caregiving profession and the quality of elderly care. Drawing from 80 high-quality studies, the review reveals that social disrespect—manifesting as verbal abuse, condescension, and lack of recognition—is a widespread problem faced by caregivers, leading to emotional exhaustion, burnout, and high turnover rates. The findings show that 65% of the studies reported frequent disrespect towards caregivers, while 72% established a direct link between this disrespect and increased burnout. Additionally, 68% of the studies indicated that social respect strongly correlates with job satisfaction, with higher levels of respect leading to improved caregiver morale, retention, and care quality. Institutional challenges, such as the absence of formal training and professional development opportunities, exacerbate this problem by reinforcing the perception that caregiving is low-status, unskilled labor. The review highlights the potential for public awareness campaigns, policy interventions, and institutional reforms to address these issues, recommending that Bangladesh adopt similar approaches to those successfully implemented in countries like Japan and Australia. By improving societal attitudes, professionalizing the caregiving industry, and providing mental health support, these measures could significantly enhance the social standing of caregivers, improve job satisfaction, and ultimately lead to better care outcomes for the elderly population
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-LATENCY WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
Get PDFThis research aims to explore the effectiveness of the L3 protocol in improving the V2X communication systems in key performance areas such as low communication delay, high-speed protocols and the effectiveness under real-life conditions. According to the L3 protocol simulation of the research, which employs platforms including COOJA and NS-3, the latency of the networks is lowered compared to that of the conventional DSRC/LTE system at below one millisecond levels adopting the time slots and the capture effect. These challenges observed on other systems such as delays experienced due to high-speed data transfer are addressed in the protocol. The performed measurements prove that the L3 protocol of the system exhibits reliability and scalability depending on the number of vehicles on the road as well as the network load, and retains its workability even with the number of 225 automobiles. These results conform with prior works that underlined the necessity of using sophisticated and low-latency relative communication systems for the usage of an autonomous vehicle network. In doing so, the study shows a future of L3 protocol in enhancing the current V2X communication systems in aspects of low latency, fast data transfer and competency in various conditions. It is suggested that future research include extensive field trials, the increase of security measures, the analysis of the scalability and integration of the new technologies, and the solution of the interoperability issues for the further investigation of the possibilities of the application of the L3 protocol.
 
OPTIMIZING ENERGY EFFICIENCY: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BUILDING DESIGN PARAMETERS
Get PDFThis study explores the critical role of financial incentives, energy performance certifications, government policies, and advanced technologies in driving the adoption of energy-efficient building practices. Financial incentives, such as tax credits, rebates, and grants, are shown to significantly reduce the upfront costs associated with energy-efficient technologies, making these innovations more accessible to developers and building owners. The research highlights the effectiveness of energy performance certifications, like LEED and Energy Star, in enhancing the market value and energy performance of buildings by providing a structured framework for evaluating sustainability. Government policies and building codes, including the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) and ASHRAE standards, are identified as key drivers of energy efficiency, compelling developers to meet stringent performance standards. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy technologies, such as solar panels and geothermal heat pumps, alongside smart building automation systems, plays a vital role in reducing energy consumption and improving operational efficiency. However, regional disparities in the availability of financial incentives and enforcement of policies present challenges to widespread adoption. The study concludes that expanding financial support, strengthening policy enforcement, and increasing public and industry awareness of the long-term financial and environmental benefits of energy-efficient buildings are essential for accelerating the transition to sustainable building practices. By addressing these challenges, the construction industry can make significant strides toward reducing energy consumption, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and achieving global sustainability goals.
 
Python For Data Analytics: A Systematic Literature Review Of Tools, Techniques, And Applications
Get PDFIn the era of big data, the ability to collect, process, and analyze data efficiently has become a vital component for decision-making across various industries. Python, as a versatile programming language, has emerged as a powerful tool for data analytics due to its extensive libraries and user-friendly nature. This systematic literature review explores Python’s role in streamlining data analytics by examining its applications across various stages of the data analysis process, including data collection, cleaning, manipulation, and visualization. Key Python libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib are discussed, highlighting their functionality in handling large datasets and enabling accurate and efficient analysis. Real-world examples demonstrate how Python can be applied in diverse sectors, from retail to healthcare, enhancing decision-making processes through data-driven insights. Furthermore, the limitations of Python, as well as alternative data analysis tools such as R and RapidMiner, are explored to provide a comprehensive view of Python’s place in modern data analytics. The review concludes that while Python offers significant advantages in data analysis, a combination of tools may often be necessary to meet the complex demands of today’s data-driven industries
AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT: ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AGILE METHODOLOGIES IN IT PROJECTS COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL APPROACHES
Get PDFThis systematic review examines the comparative effectiveness of Agile and traditional project management methodologies, focusing on their application in dynamic IT environments and well-defined industries. Utilizing the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 45 peer-reviewed studies published between 2005 and 2023 were analyzed. The review found that Agile methodologies consistently outperformed traditional approaches in dynamic settings, offering greater flexibility, faster project delivery, and higher customer satisfaction through iterative cycles and continuous stakeholder engagement. However, traditional methods, such as Waterfall, were found to be more effective in projects with fixed scopes and stringent regulatory requirements, providing better control and predictability. The review also highlights the growing adoption of hybrid project management models, which combine Agile’s adaptability with the structure of traditional methods, particularly in large or complex projects. The findings underscore the importance of selecting the appropriate methodology based on project-specific factors, with Agile excelling in fast-changing environments and traditional methods being more suitable for regulated industries. Further research is recommended to explore Agile’s applicability in non-IT sectors and the long-term effectiveness of hybrid models