Publikationsserver der Westfälischen Hochschule
Not a member yet
2819 research outputs found
Sort by
Disintermediation? Herkunft und Zukunft des bank-basierten Finanzsystems
No full textThe question of the optimal design of financial systems, whether more bank-based or more market-based, has a long history. Four phases of the discussion can be distinguished: Before World War I, in the rivalry between Germany and England, the debate begins. Across the spectrum, from the liberal Adolf Weber to the Marxist Rudolf Hilferding and the eclectic Joseph Schumpeter, comparisons were made, and the heterogenous authors arrived at similar assessments. During the Cold War, in contrast to the Soviet-Russian model, Alexander Gerschenkron’s depiction with the advantages of backwardness became influential. After the 1990s and in line with the Varieties of Capitalism approach, the discussion led by Ross Levine resulted in a consensus where different financial systems were embedded in their broader institutional context. The current discussion attempts to prove the superiority of capital markets, pointing to the American system as example
Micro-macro modeling of tensile behavior of a friction stir welded hybrid joint of AlSi10Mg parts produced by powder bed fusion and casting
Get PDFAbstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained considerable interest due to its ability to produce lightweight parts with hierarchical microstructures. However, the current constraints on the build chamber size in powder-bed fusion type AM processes limit its industrial application. A hybrid welded joint, consisting of an AM-processed and a conventionally manufactured part, can be employed to produce larger components. Due to the varying processing conditions, these hybrid welded joints contain a wide range of microstructural heterogeneities, which influences the mechanical properties of the joint. Using a numerical model to predict the mechanical behavior of welded joints by considering the microstructural variations is essential for the safe and reliable implementation of hybrid welded joints. This study aims to predict the local tensile behavior of each region of a hybrid friction-stir welded joint of AlSi10Mg produced by laser-based powder bed fusion and casting using a microstructure-sensitive model as well as the global tensile behavior by considering the properties of each region using a joint macroscopic model. The results from this modeling approach agree well with the experimental results. Therefore, this method can predict the mechanical behavior of hybrid welded joints and can establish the structure–property relationship in each weld region
Chapter 30: Air Navigation Services and Air Traffic Management (issue 191, December 2024)
No full textExpressive writing as a practice against work stress: An experimental study
No full textAbstract
This study examines the effectiveness of expressive writing in reducing work stress. Expressive writing involves structured written exercises of self-disclosure for cognitive and affective processing of stressful experiences over several writing sessions. Using a 3x3 mixed design, we examined the effects of the intervention on work stress as well as work-related motivation and attitudes in 62 German participants. We found a sex-specific effect in the significant reduction of exhaustion in men in the experimental group. In contrast, women in the control group showed significantly higher levels of exhaustion. This effect was not found for women in the experimental group. Despite the limitations of our research in terms of sample differences in baseline levels, our research identifies an alleviating effect of expressive writing on emotional exhaustion as the core facet of burnout. Future research should specifically select individuals with higher levels of stress to address the limitations mentioned
"I Don't Want Parents to Watch My Lessons" – Privacy Trade-offs in the Use of Telepresence Robots in Schools for Children with Long-term Illnesses
No full textAbstract
Telepresence robots offer great opportunities for children with long-term illnesses to continue attending school. Consequently, they are already used if children are absent for long periods. When designing such systems, the privacy of various stakeholders must be considered. However, conflicts often arise because the privacy requirements of different user groups cannot be fulfilled simultaneously. In this paper, we analyze the corresponding trade-offs that have to be made when designing telepresence robots under conflicting privacy requirements. We analyzed previous literature and held three workshops with different user groups (children, parents, teachers, head teachers, media educators, and supporting personnel) with and without experience with telepresence robots in schools. Based on the literature and the workshop results, we present four major privacy trade-offs we identified and discuss design approaches for them. With this work, we contribute to the design research on telepresence robots in schools by revealing the major privacy-related conflicts and potential design approaches to overcome the conflicts
When two Worlds Collide: Neutralizing Role of Subordinate Machiavellianism with Authentic Leadership and Work Engagement
No full textDS-GVO im Online-Marketing : Balanceakt zwischen Datenschutz und Unternehmensgewinn
No full textVor vier Jahren betrat die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DS-GVO) die Bühne und brachte für Unternehmen und Nutzer gleichermaßen Veränderungen mit sich. Doch gerade im dynamischen Umfeld des Online-Marketings tauchen ständig neue und oft knifflige Fragen auf – Fragen, die nun im Rahmen einer wissenschaftlichen Studie etwas genauer unter die Lupe genommen wurden
Angriff auf die Künstliche Intelligenz : Bedrohungen und Schutzmaßnahmen
No full textKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) ermöglicht es, komplexe Zusammenhänge und Muster aus großen Datenmengen zu extrahieren und in einem statistischen Modell zu erfassen. Dieses KI-Modell kann anschließend Aussagen über zukünftig auftretende Daten treffen. Mit dem zunehmenden Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz rücken solche Systeme auch immer mehr ins Visier von Cyberkriminellen. Der Artikel beschreibt umfassend Angriffsszenarien und mögliche Abwehrmaßnahmen
Fernkooperation mit Risiko? : Videokonferenzsystem Zoom im Sicherheitscheck
No full textMit den Reisebeschränkungen in der Corona-Krise ist der Bedarf an einfach zu handhabenden Videokonferenzsystemen sprunghaft gestiegen. Krisengewinner war dabei ohne Zweifel der amerikanische Hersteller Zoom Video Communications.
Mit seinem „Zoom Meeting“-Dienst preschte das junge Unternehmen an bisherigen Branchenlieblingen vorbei. Derzeit gilt Zoom als populärstes Konferenzsystem auf dem Markt. Mitten im Aufstieg ist Zoom jedoch auch heftig in Kritik geraten: Schlechte Umsetzung des Datenschutzes, hohe Angreifbarkeit durch klaffende Schwachstellen und unzureichende Verschlüsselung lauteten die Vorwürfe. Der Hersteller zeigte sich bei der Behebung der Schwachstellen kooperativ. Doch ist jetzt alles sicher und vertrauenswürdig
Effect of Network Architecture on Physics-Informed Deep Learning of the Reynolds-Averaged Turbulent Flow Field around Cylinders without Training Data
No full textUnsupervised physics-informed deep learning can be used to solve computational physics problems by training neural networks to satisfy the underlying equations and boundary conditions without labeled data. Parameters such as network architecture and training method determine the training success. However, the best choice is unknown a priori as it is case specific. Here, we investigated network shapes, sizes, and types for unsupervised physics-informed deep learning of the two-dimensional Reynolds averaged flow around cylinders. We trained mixed-variable networks and compared them to traditional models. Several network architectures with different shape factors and sizes were evaluated. The models were trained to solve the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations incorporating Prandtl’s mixing length turbulence model. No training data were deployed to train the models. The superiority of the mixed-variable approach was confirmed for the investigated high Reynolds number flow. The mixed-variable models were sensitive to the network shape. For the two cylinders, differently deep networks showed superior performance. The best fitting models were able to capture important flow phenomena such as stagnation regions, boundary layers, flow separation, and recirculation. We also encountered difficulties when predicting high Reynolds number flows without training data