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Role Conflict as Mediator Between Transformational Leadership and Change-Related Outcomes
No full textThe purpose of the paper is to contribute to the inner workings of transformational leadership in the context of organizational change. According to the organizational role theory, role conflict is proposed as a mediator between transformational leadership and affective commitment to change and irritation. Cross-sectional data were collected in a German company in the textiles sector, undergoing a pervasive IT-related change. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was performed for validity and hypothesis testing. The findings suggest that role conflict acts as a full mediator in the relationship between transformational leadership and affective commitment to change, as well as irritation. Transformational leadership is often discussed in terms of change-oriented leadership. Surprisingly, only a few studies have examined the specific impact of transformational leadership on attitudinal outcomes during change processes, yet. Consequently, research on the underlying psychological mechanisms of the relationship is scarce, too
Exploring Micro-Foundations of Dynamic Capabilities: Insights from a Case Study in the Engineering Sector
No full textThis paper makes a contribution to the discussion on microfoundations of dynamic capabilities – actions and interactions in organizations that enable continuous organizational renewal. More specifically, we propose the idea that dynamic capabilities of an organization
are a positive function of corresponding dynamic capabilities of individual and collective actors in the organization. Further, we develop the assumption that not only individual acts of managers but also of individuals and teams without managerial responsibility relate to dynamic capabilities of the organization. Following a holistic view, we also take into consideration empowering working conditions as enhancing factor of this function. To
examine these roots of dynamic capabilities, we use a multi level model of competence provided by Wilkens, Keller and Schmette (2006) that operationalizes the concept of dynamic
capabilities provided by Teece (2007) on a concisely behavioural base. We investigated our hypotheses with a standardized questionnaire in a case study of a German plant engineering company with 112 participants and found first support for our assumptions. Our results show an impact of individual dynamic capabilities on dynamic capabilities of the organization which is mediated by team dynamic capabilities. Psychological and social-structural empowerment moderated this relationship. A case-specific interpretation and implications for future research and practice are discussed
Ohne Vertrauen geht es nicht : Kriterien für das Vertrauen von Anwenderunternehmen in Hersteller und deren IT-Sicherheitslösungen
No full textDie Beschaffung von IT-Sicherheitslösungen ist für Unternehmen oft eine Herausforderung. So führt die Komplexität der Systeme dazu, dass die für eine Kaufentscheidung erforderlichen Kompetenzen und Informationen nicht immer vorhanden sind. Grundvoraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Geschäftsbeziehung ist deswegen ein valides Vertrauensverhältnis zwischen Anwender- und Herstellerunternehmen. Das setzt jedoch voraus, dass die Herstellerunternehmen vertrauenswürdig auftreten und im Interesse ihrer Kunden handeln. Eine Studie der Westfälischen Hochschule Gelsenkirchen hat untersucht, welche Vertrauenskriterien Kunden bei Herstellern und deren Produkten wichtig sind. So ist zum Beispiel ein Hersteller bei den Kunden unten durch, wenn er zu viele Buzzwords nutzt
Advancements in hand-drawn chemical structure recognition through an enhanced DECIMER architecture
No full textAccurate recognition of hand-drawn chemical structures is crucial for digitising hand-written chemical information in traditional laboratory notebooks or facilitating stylus-based structure entry on tablets or smartphones. However, the inherent variability in hand-drawn structures poses challenges for existing Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR) software. To address this, we present an enhanced Deep lEarning for Chemical ImagE Recognition (DECIMER) architecture that leverages a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers to improve the recognition of hand-drawn chemical structures. The model incorporates an EfficientNetV2 CNN encoder that extracts features from hand-drawn images, followed by a Transformer decoder that converts the extracted features into Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) strings. Our models were trained using synthetic hand-drawn images generated by RanDepict, a tool for depicting chemical structures with different style elements. A benchmark was performed using a real-world dataset of hand-drawn chemical structures to evaluate the model's performance. The results indicate that our improved DECIMER architecture exhibits a significantly enhanced recognition accuracy compared to other approaches
MFsim [Softwarecode, Version 2.6.4.0]
No full textFrom https://github.com/zielesny/MFsim:
MFsim - An open Java all-in-one rich-client simulation environment for mesoscopic simulation
MFsim is an open Java all-in-one rich-client computing environment for mesoscopic simulation with Jdpd as its default simulation kernel for Molecular Fragment Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD). The environment integrates and supports the complete preparation-simulation-evaluation triad of a mesoscopic simulation task. Productive highlights are a SPICES molecular structure editor, a PDB-to-SPICES parser for particle-based peptide/protein representations, a support of polymer definitions, a compartment editor for complex simulation box start configurations, interactive and flexible simulation box views including analytics, simulation movie generation or animated diagrams. As an open project, MFsim enables customized extensions for different fields of research.
MFsim uses several open libraries (see MFSimVersionHistory.txt for details and references below) and is published as open source under the GNU General Public License version 3 (see LICENSE).
MFsim has been described in the scientific literature and used for DPD studies (see references below)
Laser-assisted surface grinding of innovative superhard SiC-bonded diamond (DSiC) materials
No full textSilicon carbide (SiC)-bonded diamond materials, comprising approximately 50% diamond by volume, represent innovative composites with exceptional mechanical and thermal properties, including high hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, and elevated thermal conductivity. Despite these advantageous properties, the machining of these composites presents formidable challenges due to their extremely high hardness. Grinding with diamond tools is commonly employed among the limited viable machining methods. However, the efficiency of this process is hindered by high grinding forces, elevated temperatures, and significantly high tool wear. Additionally, the surface integrity, form, and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece are compromised by the effects of tool wear and high cutting forces. To address these technological constraints in the grinding of SiC-bonded diamond materials, a laser-assisted grinding process has been developed. Ultra-short pulsed laser radiations were effectively utilized to induce material ablation with controlled structural damages, enhancing the productivity and efficiency of the grinding process through reduced grinding forces, temperatures, and tool wear. Furthermore, this study investigated the influence of grinding tools’ specifications, design variations, and parameters on key aspects such as grinding forces, surface quality, and tool wear. Substantial reductions of up to 70% in tangential grinding forces, 83% in normal grinding forces, and a modest improvement in surface roughness achieved. The surface integrity analysis revealed a damage-free ground surface when utilizing laser assistance. Furthermore, there was a substantial enhancement in the grinding ratio (G-ratio), achieving an increase of up to 247%, concurrently with a noteworthy improvement in the actual removal depth, reaching up to 99%, when compared to conventional grinding processes. Compared to the utilized segmented metal bonded diamond grinding wheel, the vitrified bonded diamond grinding wheel induced lower grinding forces and higher actual removal rates
Wirksamkeit von Achtsamkeitstrainings und Erfolgsfaktoren für deren Implementierung im beruflichen Kontext von Ersthelfenden
No full textAbrasive Wear Behavior of Batch Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings
No full textIn recent decades, batch hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel has proven itself in practical applications due to the good corrosion resistance of its components. Despite the importance of the mechanical-load-bearing capacity of these coatings, the wear behavior has, so far, only been investigated very sporadically and not systematically, so a quantification of the wear behavior and statements on the mechanisms are vague. Therefore, two body wear tests with bonded abrasive grain were carried out. Varying the friction rolls, load, and total number of cycles, the wear behavior was investigated. The mass loss and the layer thickness reduction were measured at different intervals. After the test, the microstructure in the cross- section and the hardness according to Vickers (0.01 HV) were evaluated. The results showed that the wear behavior of HDG coatings against abrasive loads can be characterized with the selected test conditions. Initially, the applied load removed the soft η-phase. As the total number of cycles increases, the η- and ζ-phases deform plastically, resulting in a lower mass reduction compared to that expected from the measured layer thickness. The characteristic structure of a batch HDG coating with hard intermetallic Zn-Fe phases and an outer pure zinc phase has demonstrated effective resistance to abrasion
Energiewende und Versorgungssicherheit 2045
Full text linkDeutschlands Stromversorgung soll im Jahr 2045 gemäß aktueller Planung (z.B. EEG 2023) aus-schließlich mit Hilfe sog. erneuerbarer Energien geschehen. Hierzu gehören Wind- und Solar-kraft und in erheblichst geringerem Maße Biomasse- und Laufwasserkraft.
Bekannt ist, dass die Energiezufuhr aus diesen Energiequellen überwiegend volatil und daher inkompatibel mit dem Strombedarf der Verbraucher ist. Ohne weitere Maßnahmen käme es ständig zu Über- oder Unterversorgungssituationen mit der Folge dauerhafter Blackouts.
Während eine Überversorgung im einfachsten Fall mit dem rechtzeitigen, wenn auch unwirtschaftlichen Abschalten der entsprechenden Energieversorger sehr gut beherrschbar ist – andere Maßnahmen sind die Speicherung der überschüssigen Energie oder deren Export, sofern es das Ausland zulässt –, ist die Darstellung der Versorgungssicherheit im Falle einer Unterversorgung, also die Vermeidung ewiger Blackouts, nur mit Hilfe zusätzlicher aktiv steuerbarer Energiequellen darstellbar. In Frage kommen hierfür nach heutiger Diskussionslage Gas- bzw. H2-Kraftwerke, virtuelle und reale Batterie-Kraftwerke, sowie Pumpspeicher-Kraftwerke und Stromimporte. Für den Import muss das Ausland für Deutschland regelbare Kraftwerke vorhalten, die stets dann mit erster Priorität bereitstehen müssen, wenn Deutschland in eine Unterversorgungslage gerät. Diese Möglichkeit erscheint dem Berichter eher spekulativ als gesichert. Die Verwendung deutscher Kernkraftwerke wird heutzutage aus politischen Gründen negiert, während gleichzeitig und widersinnigerweise der Import ausländischen Kernkraftstroms billigend in Kauf genommen wird
