SVĀSTHYA: Trends in General Medicine and Public Health
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Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of dengue hemorrhagic fever severity in Indonesian pediatric patients: A Single-center retrospective study
Get PDFDengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a significant health burden in Indonesia, necessitating reliable prognostic markers for early clinical intervention. The neutrophil‒lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a potential biomarker for disease severity assessment, although its utility in pediatric populations requires further validation. This study aimed to to determine the relationship between the neutrophil‒lymphocyte ratio and DHF severity grade in pediatric patients and evaluate its potential as a prognostic indicator for clinical decision-making. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 111 pediatric patients aged 5-14 years who were diagnosed with DHF at RSPAL Dr. Ramelan, Surabaya, between January 2022 and December 2024. Patients were classified according to the WHO severity grades (I-IV), with the NLR calculated from complete blood counts obtained during days 3-6 of illness. Statistical analysis with Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine the relationship between the NLR and disease severity. The study population predominantly demonstrated Grade I DHF (56.8%), followed by Grade II DHF (20.7%), Grade III DHF (18.0%), and Grade IV DHF (4.5%). Patients with lower severity grades (I-II) predominantly presented low NLR values (<1) in 46.0% and 47.8% of cases, respectively, whereas those with higher severity grades (III-IV) primarily presented normal NLR values (1-3) in 65.0% and 60.0% of cases, respectively. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between the NLR and DHF severity (ρ = 0.120, p = 0.208). The neutrophil‒lymphocyte ratio has limited utility as a standalone predictor of DHF severity in pediatric patients. These findings suggest the need for alternative biomarkers or composite indices for accurate prediction of pediatric DHF severity
Neuromuscular adaptations to plyometric exercises in late-phase ACL reconstruction rehabilitation: A case report
Get PDFPostanterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction rehabilitation poses significant challenges in restoring optimal neuromuscular function and athletic performance.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a structured plyometric exercise protocol on muscle strength, dynamic balance, and functional outcomes in young athletes who underwent ACL reconstruction. A single-case study of a 16-year-old male soccer athlete who underwent right anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was conducted. The intervention comprised three sessions of progressive plyometric exercises over a seven-day period. Outcomes were assessed via a modified sphygmomanometer test for muscle strength, the Y balance test for dynamic balance, and the Tegner Lysholm knee scoring scale for functional ability. Knee flexor strength improved from 50 to 100 mmHg (100% increase), and extensor strength increased from 110 to 130 mmHg (18.2% increase). The dynamic balance composite score increased from 88% to 108%. The functional performance on the Tegner-Lysholm scale improved from 90 to 95 points, primarily because of reduced pain scores. This case demonstrates that a structured plyometric exercise protocol may effectively improve muscle strength, dynamic balance, and functional performance during late-stage ACL rehabilitation. These findings suggest the potential utility of return-to-sport protocols, although large-scale investigations are warranted
The combination of Ambon banana juice and dates increases maternal weight and estimated fetal weight for the prevention of stunting
Get PDFStunting is a form of chronic malnutrition that begins during the prenatal period. Nutritional interventions during pregnancy play a role in preventing fetal growth retardation. Ambon bananas (Musa acuminata) and dates (Phoenix dactylifera) contain iron, folate, and micronutrients that support maternal health and promote fetal growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of Ambon banana and date juice in increasing maternal weight and estimated fetal weight in third-trimester pregnant women as a stunting prevention measure. A quasiexperimental study with a pretest‒posttest control group design was conducted with 20 pregnant women in their third trimester at the Imas Masriyah Midwife Practice, Bogor Regency, Indonesia, from October to December 2023. The respondents were divided into an experimental group (n=10) that received Ambon banana and date juice and a control group (n=10) without any special intervention. Maternal weight and estimated fetal weight were measured before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed via paired t-tests. In the experimental group, the mean maternal weight increased from 54.90±3.071 kg to 56.40±2.989 kg (p=0.003), and the estimated fetal weight increased from 2.43±0.155 kg to 2.58±0.152 kg (p=0.005). The control group showed no significant changes in maternal weight (p=0.022) or estimated fetal weight (p=0.036). The combination of Ambon banana juice and dates effectively increased maternal weight and estimated fetal weight in pregnant women in the third trimester and has the potential to be used as a nutritional intervention for stunting prevention
Online game addiction and its impact on social-emotional development: A study of elementary school children in Sidoarjo
Get PDFThe increasing popularity and accessibility of online games among schoolchildren, particularly through smartphones, has raised concerns about potential addiction, which may adversely affect their social-emotional development. The factors contributing to this issue include insufficient parental supervision and a lack of awareness. This study aimed to examine the relationship between online game addiction and social-emotional development in children. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 171 respondents selected through a proportionate stratified random sampling method. The study utilized the Gaming Addiction Scale (GAS) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess the levels of online game addiction and social-emotional development, respectively. Spearman's rho correlation test was applied for data analysis. Most respondents (52.6%) were categorized as having moderate online game addiction, whereas 91.2% exhibited abnormal social-emotional development. A statistically significant relationship was found between online game addiction and social-emotional development in school-age children, with a p-value of 0.001 and a moderate correlation coefficient of 0.310. Online game addiction significantly affects the social-emotional development of children. It is crucial to monitor children's game usage and its potential impacts. Prevention efforts should focus on educational interventions, support parents and schools
Spatial risk assessment of canine rabies transmission via GIS buffer analysis in Bobonaro municipality, Timor-Leste
Get PDFRabies is a fatal zoonotic disease caused by Lyssavirus of the Rhabdoviridae family. Timor-Leste experienced a rabies outbreak in March 2024, with a 100% fatality rate, primarily affecting dogs as the main reservoir. Bobonaro Municipality has reported an increasing number of confirmed cases, necessitating spatial approaches for effective control strategies. This study aimed to identify confirmed rabies case distribution patterns and predict transmission risk zones via GIS buffer analysis within the Bobonaro Municipality. This study utilized secondary data from 39 confirmed rabies cases from the Bobonaro Municipal Agriculture Service between January and June 2025. The analysis was conducted via the Buffer and Multiple Buffer tools in ArcGIS 10.8 software. The geographic coordinates of confirmed cases were mapped to generate distribution maps with transmission movement predictions on the basis of locations in each administrative post, village, and hamlet. Mapping revealed that the majority of confirmed rabies cases were concentrated in the northeastern Bobonaro Municipality, comprising the Cailaco administrative post with the hamlets of the Meligo village, such as Bereleu, Daulelo, Liabote, and Mude, plus the Maliana administrative post. Buffer analysis with a 2 km radius identified tendencies for animal movement at risk of local rabies transmission that could spread to humans and other animals, including neighboring municipalities sharing land borders with Bobonaro. GIS-based buffer analysis successfully identified high-risk zones for rabies transmission within a 2 km radius of the average confirmed case locations. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for policymakers to implement effective and specific rabies control strategies tailored to Timor-Leste's resource-limited environment
Dual impact analysis of GSTT1 polymorphisms on the metformin response and cardiovascular risk: A novel integrated approach in type 2 diabetes mellitus management
Get PDFAlthough genetic variations in glutathione S-transferase (GST) have been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the relationships among GSTT1 polymorphisms, metformin effectiveness, and cardiovascular risk remain unclear. This study investigated the association between the GSTT1 null genotype and the metformin monotherapy response while simultaneously assessing its impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. This case-control study examined 84 T2DM patients aged 30-70 years, categorized into metformin therapy responders and nonresponders. This study employed multiplex PCR for GSTT1 genotyping and utilized the pooled cohort equation for cardiovascular risk assessment, offering a comprehensive analysis of both genetic and clinical parameters. GSTT1 genetic variations were not significantly associated with metformin response (odds ratio [OR] 1.773, p=0.306) or cardiovascular risk (OR 1.086, 95% CI: 0.46-2.56, p=1.000). The analysis revealed distinct patterns in clinical parameters between the GSTT1 null and wild-type genotypes, particularly in terms of glycemic control indicators and lipid profiles, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. This study presents a novel approach by simultaneously examining both the therapeutic response and cardiovascular risk in relation to GSTT1 polymorphisms, distinguishing it from previous studies that typically focused on either aspect in isolation. These findings suggest that while genetic variations in GSTT1 may influence metabolic parameters, their direct impact on metformin effectiveness and cardiovascular risk may be more complex than previously thought
Front and Back Matter for Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2025
No full textVolume 2, Issue 1, January 2025
This issue consists of 5 articles contributed by 23 authors affiliated with 7 affiliations from two countries, including Indonesia (Universitas Maarif Hasyim Latif, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Universitas Mega Buana Palopo, Universitas Hindu Indonesia, Universitas Udayana), and Ethiopia (Jimma University, Jigjiga University, College of Veterinary Medicine)
Chandipura viral encephalitis: A re-emerging threat to public health and regional security in South Asia
Get PDFChandipura viral encephalitis (CHPV) has emerged as a significant public health challenge in South Asia, particularly in pediatric populations, with alarming mortality rates. This review synthesizes the current knowledge about the impact of CHPV on human health and healthcare systems. A comprehensive analysis of the published literature, outbreak reports, and clinical studies was conducted to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies of CHPV. CHPV has a distinct predilection for children under 15 years of age, with case fatality rates ranging from 55–70% in severe pediatric cases. Disease progression is characterized by the rapid onset of symptoms, typically evolving from initial influenza-like manifestations to severe neurological complications within 48 h. The clinical presentations include high-grade fever, altered consciousness, seizures, and various neurological deficits. Diagnostic challenges persist, particularly in resource-limited settings, despite advances in molecular detection methods. Treatment remains primarily supportive, with a focus on managing severe complications and maintaining vital organ function. Socioeconomic impacts are substantial, with catastrophic healthcare costs affecting vulnerable populations and straining healthcare systems in endemic regions. The reemergence of CHPV poses serious challenges to public health systems, particularly in resource-limited settings. Rapid progression of the virus, high mortality rates, and significant socioeconomic burden necessitate enhanced surveillance systems, improved diagnostic capabilities, and strengthened healthcare infrastructure. The priority areas for intervention include developing point-of-care diagnostics, establishing standardized treatment protocols, and implementing sustainable vector control programs
Body mass index as a determinant in the development of osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage, the formation of new bone (osteophytes), and changes in synovial and subchondral tissues. These pathological changes contribute to pain, joint stiffness, and functional impairment in OA. The primary risk factors for OA include advanced age and increased body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to determine the association between BMI and the incidence of osteoarthritis. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 70 participants aged >40 years from Banjar Cepaka, Badung, Indonesia, using simple random sampling method. Osteoarthritis severity was assessed using the WOMAC questionnaire, while BMI was calculated from measured height and weight. Chi-square analysis was performed to determine the associations between variables. Osteoarthritis severity assessment using the WOMAC questionnaire demonstrated that 58.6% of the participants experienced severe symptoms, while 27.1% reported moderate symptoms. Chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant association between BMI and osteoarthritis incidence (p = 0.000). The cross-tabulation showed that individuals with obesity class I had 81.2% severe osteoarthritis cases, while those with obesity class II had 83.3% severe cases and 16.7% very severe cases of osteoarthritis. In conclusion, a strong association between elevated BMI and osteoarthritis severity among adults over 40 years in rural Indonesia. The progressive relationship between increasing body weight and joint degeneration severity underscores the modifiable nature of this risk factor through weight management interventions
The impact of the SPEOS method on boosting exclusive breastfeeding rates among postpartum women
Get PDFUNICEF reports that every year, 2.6 million infants worldwide die within their first month of life. One of the determining factors is exclusive breastfeeding. WHO emphasizes the importance of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age without additional food and drink. In Indonesia, the coverage of infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding reached 67.74%, but exclusive breastfeeding is only given to one in two infants under 6 months. Lack of exclusive breastfeeding means infants are not getting adequate nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the SPEOS (Stimulation of Endorphin, Oxytocin and Suggestive Massage) method in increasing exclusive breast milk production in postpartum mothers. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a sample of 30 postpartum mothers who were divided into two groups: (1) experimental group that received SPEOS massage method for 10 minutes, and (2) control group that did not receive the intervention. The dependent variable was breast milk production, while the independent variable was massage using the SPEOS method. Data were collected by measuring breast milk volume (ml) and analyzed using t-test. The results showed that the SPEOS method was effective in increasing exclusive breast milk production (p<0.001). The SPEOS method proved to be an effective way to increase exclusive breast milk production in postpartum mothers. The SPEOS method can increase breast milk production, so it needs to be socialized to postpartum mothers by health workers to increase the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in infants