Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry
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Assessment of the Economic Benefits of Conservation Activities at Kwano Chimpanzee Forest Habitat in Gashaka Gumti National Park (GGNP), Nigeria
No full textThe assessment of the economic benefits of the conservation of the Kwano chimpanzee forest habitat for sustainable conservation in GGNP, Nigeria was primarily aiming at assessing the economic benefits derived so far by the indigenes of the Gashaka village which is the closest settlement to the forest and the GGNP staff for the purpose of improving sustainable conservation within the park. Data was collected through Purposeful or Judgmental Sampling by standardized face-to-face interviews scheduled according to Ezebilo et al. [1] by the help of questionnaire. Most (67.5%) of the respondents were males, age classes for Gashaka residents had a mean of 44±1.89 and 39±1.57 for the Park Staff; 67.5% were primary school leavers, 14.71% had no formal education; 52.94% were farmers, 5.88% civil servants; 92.31% were married, 7.69% unmarried; household size in Gashaka had a mean of 4±0.14 and for Park staff was 4±0.18. Mean cash income for Gashaka community= ₦35,333±7,090.68; Park Staff= ₦22,083±5,545.18. All the respondents (79.41% for Gashaka residents and 100% for Park staff) claimed employment, physical cash and the provision of social amenities: health, education, road, borehole as benefits gained from conservation activities. More benefits are generated by the local communities during the dry months with the highest being in February (₦45,000), ₦43,000 in March and ₦41,000 in April while least in the wet months of August (₦23,000), ₦25,000 in July and ₦28,000 in September for Gashaka community whereas for Park Staff it was April (₦29,000), ₦28,000 in May and ₦27,000 in January and least in August (₦13,000), ₦14,000 in September and ₦14,000 in November. Collaborating with traditional rulers (100%), creation of more jobs (100%) were some of the suggested strategies for conservation
The Effectiveness and Performance of BT Cotton's Insecticidal Properties under Various Abiotic Stresses: A Review
No full textOver the past two decades, biotechnology has yielded Bt cotton, a huge success in the field of agriculture. In a number of countries, commercial Bt crop production has proven successful. The global food scarcity crisis has been alleviated by transgenic Bt crops, which have improved agricultural productivity. The Bt cotton crop displays variable levels of insect resistance to several environmental abiotic circumstances, including high temperatures, salt in the soil, water logging and scarcity, inadequate nitrogen supply, and humidity. It has been demonstrated that these components lessen the transgenic crop's endotoxin protein level, which in turn reduces the insecticidal efficacy of the crop. In unfavourable climatic conditions, plants have altered nitrogen metabolism and pain in their physiological systems. This article has discussed some of the primary stresses that Bt cotton encounters as well as the underlying mechanisms that explain its variable insecticidal efficacy under both single and combination pressures. While several important elements are covered in this study, such as gene silencing, post transcriptional changes, and protein breakdown, the most important aspect of this field that still need investigation is nitrogen metabolism. A thorough meta-analysis table provides an overview of the several significant research that have been carried out to examine the impacts of stress. A comprehensive study technique is needed to clarify the metabolic and physiological changes that transpire in transgenic cotton crops under high stress. In order to increase the production and performance of the cotton crop worldwide, more research is needed to address the unpredictable insect resistance of Bt crops
Investigating the Correlation and Principal Component of Quantitative Traits in Mixed Cropping of Okra and Cucumber
No full textAims: With the aim of Choosing the most appropriate treatment and investigating the relationships between the traits and investigating the correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) of the morphological and physiological traits, an experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in 3 replications on mixed cropping of okra and 3 varieties of cucumber in greenhouse.
Study Design: In order to conduct the experiment, a randomized complete block design was used (RCBD) in three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Damavand region of Iran in 2019-2020.
Methodology: This experiment was conducted in a metal frame greenhouse where the average temperature of the greenhouse was 25°C and the relative humidity was 40%. During the harvest season, 3 cucumber plants and one okra plant were randomly sampled and recorded, and the numerical value of each trait was recorded based on the average of 3 random plants.
Results: The results obtained from the correlation coefficients indicated that the trait of dry fruit yield has a positive and significant correlation with the traits of fruit weight and fresh fruit yield. Also, in examining the correlation graph between the traits, dry fruit yield and wet fruit yield traits had positive correlations with chlorophyll a, number of fruits, total chlorophyll and plant height traits. Based on the main components, 4 components accounted for more than 55% of the total variance of the data, respectively, 16% related to the first component, 14% related to the second component, 11% related to the third component, and 10% related to the fourth component. Graphical analysis was used on the data obtained from the experiment. Based on the ranking diagram of treatments in terms of traits, A1B2 (Baker x Mito) and A1B1 (Baker x NEGIN ) treatments were selected as suitable treatments.
Conclusion: Comparison of the treatments with the okra single cropping treatment showed that doing mixed cropping of okra: cucumber can have a great effect on increasing the level of desirability in various traits in the target crop
A Study on Syrup of Juniperus excelsa Cones Grown in Türkiye
No full textFor beverage products, some analytical tests are conducted prior to packaging and distribution. However, physicochemical properties may affect product quality adversely in a number of ways. Liquids with high dissolved solids may impact inferior palatability and may induce an unfavorable physiological reaction in the transient consumer. In this study, it was to evaluate some certain physicochemical properties of syrup which was made from Juniperus excelsa’s berries collected from four different geographical locations managed by the Regional Directorate of Forestry authorities in Turkiye. Considerable physicochemical variations were found among Juniperus excelsa’s berry-based syrup products. The lowest value of pH: 5.46 was found with syrup prepared from Yalvaç-Isparta, (sample C), followed by pH: 5.75 from Hisarcık-Kütahya, (sample D), pH: 5.80 Ağlasun-Burdur (sample B), and pH: 6.32 Gazipaşa-Antalya (sample A), respectively. However, syrup prepared from sample C showed the highest values of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sugar content (Brix), and also distinguished from the others by highest oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). It was found to be 3136.1 uS/cm for EC, 1568 ppm for TDS, 1.90 °Bx for Brix and 188.6 mV for ORP. However, the highest turbidity value of 67.6 NTU was found with sample D while the lowest with sample A (39 NTU). These values may be good criteria for the botanical origin of syrup and therefore, it may be used in syrups prepared from Juniperus excelsa’s berries
Revolutionalizing Forest Monitoring and Conservation Using Internet of Things (IoT): The Challenges and the Opportunities
No full textOver some decades, advancement has come to the way forest is being monitored. The process of monitoring the forest area have advanced beyond human-power into technology. Nigeria forests have experience degeneration from illegal logging to encroachment resulting from population growth and agricultural activities. The wildlife species are endangered due to human illegal activities in the forest area. Manual monitoring has achieved some results in keeping the forest safe but there is a need for more effective and real time forest monitoring. Therefore, digital technology should be analyzed for monitoring. Many forests departments in some countries have shifted to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices for real-time forest monitoring and conservation. IoT devices are devices that utilizes sensors to capture information about activities going on in the forest area and alert the monitoring personnel of any illegal activities through an electronic device connected to computer. IoT system collect data from the forest and send them to the cloud server for storage and analysis of activities that are going on in the forest area. This have helped forest officers in curbing many issues like illegal logging and forest fires. It has also helped in conserving wildlife within the forest. This paper discussed some IoT devices for real time forest monitoring and conservation. This manuscript also discussed the components of IoT devices and how they benefit forestry
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Yield Responses to Yara Fertilizer Formulations in Rain-fed Lowland Condition
No full textThis experiment evaluated the effects of Unik-15 (15N + 15P + 15K) and Actyva (23N + 10P + 5K+ 2MgO+ 3S + 0.3Zn), likewise Amidas(40N+5.6S) and urea (46N) on rice growth and yield under rain-fed lowland condition. The study was a single factor trial laid out in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replications at the University for Development Studies Experimental Field, located in Tamale, Ghana. The treatments were inorganic fertilizer combinations with a control (T1 = UNIK- 15 at 125 kg ha-1 + AMI at 125 kg ha-1, T2 = ACT at 125 kg ha-1 +AMI at 125 kg ha-1; T3 = UNIK-15 at 125 kg ha-1 + URE at 125 kg ha-1, and T4 = ACT at 125 kg ha-1 +URE at 125 kg ha-1). The Growth and yield traits measured were tiller number, plant height, number of grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield, and 1000-grain weight. The results showed that the fertilizer treatments significantly (P<.05) influenced growth and yield parameters. The application of UNIK-15 at 125 kg ha-1+URE at 125 kg ha-1 resulted in the tallest plant (115.26 cm), longest panicle (29.30 cm), highest grain yield (6,074 kg ha-1) and maximum 1000-grain weight (23.72 g). The number of tillers were increased by 53, 66, 74 and 81% for ACT+AMI < UNIK-15+AMI < ACT+URE < UNIK- 15+URE over the control, respectively. Similarly, ACT+AMI < ACT+URE < UNIK-15+AMI < UNIK-15+URE produced more grains panicle-1 than the control, increasing it by 46, 51, 78, and 91%, respectively. Likewise, the grain yield was increased by 99, 132, and 178%, respectively, compared to the control, by ACT+AMI < ACT+URE < UNIK-15+AMI. Grain yield positively correlated with effective tiller count (r=0.53*), number of grains per panicle (r=0.90***), and 1000- grain weight (r=0.80**). Therefore, the application of UNIK-15 at 125 kg ha-1 + URE at 125 kg ha- 1 is recommended for rice production under lowland condition
Effects of Tied Ridges and Drought Tolerant Maize and Legume Varieties on Maize Yields in Semi Arid Areas of Northern Tanzania
No full textThis paper is based on research findings and field experience of maize and legume crops using integrated technologies in Mwanga and Same Districts, Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. Field experiments were conducted over the period of two years (2013-2014) to investigate the effects of tied ridges, drought tolerant maize and legumes on maize grain yield. The experiment was arranged in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data collected included maize plant height, biomass yield and grain yields. The data were coded into different variables and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the STATISTICA computer package and the treatments mean separation test were done using Fischer Least Significance Difference (LSD).
Results obtained from both Same and Mwanga Districts showed that tied ridges and cropping systems had significant (P ≤ 0.001) effect on maize plant height, biomass and grain yield in both cropping seasons. Further, the results showed significant interactive (P ≤ 0.05) effect between tied ridges and cropping systems on maize plant height and biomass yield for Mwanga and Same Districts in both seasons although no significant interactive effects observed for maize grain yield. The results further showed that maize yields increased from 0.65 to 1.26 t ha-1 and 0.4 to 1.5 t ha-1 for Mwanga and Same Districts, respectively.
On average, the highest yield increment of more than 60% due to tied ridges and drought tolerant maize and legume varieties were obtained from the two districts in both seasons over the control. Therefore, use of tie ridges, drought tolerant maize varieties and legumes as a package has significant effect on maize grain yield in semi arid areas of northern Tanzania and can be extrapolated to other areas with similar climatic conditions
Root Segment Cuttings of Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet: Effects of Diameter and Alignment
No full textBombax costatum is a very important agroforestry species in the Guinean savannahs highland of Adamawa. The objective of this work is to contribute to the domestication of this species by cuttings of root segment. The cuttings of root segment of this species were carried out according to a split-plot design with three replications. The diameter range of cuttings used (0.5-1.1 cm; 1.2-2 cm and 2.1-3.8 cm) and the alignment of the cuttings (vertical, horizontal and oblique) in the substrate consisting of sand/sawdust represented the main treatment and the secondary treatment respectively. The experimental unit was 10 cuttings. The result showed that cuttings with large diameters between 2.1 and 3.8 cm (62.22±1.75%) are the best for budding. The diameter significantly influences the budding of the cuttings (0.0004 < 0.001). Regarding the alignment of the cuttings in the substrate, the maximum budding (52.22±2.01%) is obtained in those placed in an oblique alignment. However, this alignment did not significantly influence the budding of root segment cuttings (0.33 > 0.05). Regarding the rooting of cuttings, a high rate (28.88±1.36%) is observed in cuttings whose diameter class is between 2.1 and 3.8 cm. The diameter range significantly influences rooting (0.002 < 0.01). The alignment of the cuttings in the substrate did not significantly impact the rooting of the cuttings (0.90 > 0.05). These results show that vegetative propagation of Bombax costatum from root segment cuttings is possible. This is an important step for the domestication of this species
Unleashing the Power of Agronomy: Nurturing Sustainable Food System for a Flourishing Future
No full textThe world is facing with the critical challenge of nourishing a growing global population while ensuring the long-term sustainability of our food systems. In this context, agronomy emerges as a powerful discipline that holds the key to nurturing a sustainable food system for a flourishing future. Agronomy encompasses the scientific study of crop production, soil management, and sustainable agricultural practices. This article explores the importance of agronomy in addressing the pressing issues of resource optimization, optimizing resource use through precision farming techniques, such as remote sensing, soil and crop sensors, and data analytics
Determining the Growing Potential of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata under Various Water Regimes
No full textPakistan is the among the most populated countries of the world with predominantly arid climate facing different challenges like food insecurity, energy crises, poor health system, poverty, small forest area cover, and significant effects of global warming and climate change. However, there is still a large area with scanty vegetation. Research on devising cultivation techniques for growing more economically profitable plants in these areas will not only improve the ecological environment but also the people’s living standards. Jatropha curcas (JC) and Pongamia pinnata (PP) are two economically important species (bioenergy plants) with potential to grow on dry tropical arid land. Therefore, this study was carried out to check the hypothesis “JC and PP are the suitable species to grow in the dry tropical arid land of Pakistan due to their drought tolerance ability”. The experiment was carried out at the nursery of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. One year old seedlings of both plants were used in the experiment. The design involves two plants of the same species in each row, four treatments, and three replications. The levels of drought were T1 (100% water), T2 (75% water), T3 (50% water), and T4 (25% water). A generalized linear model was applied to check the variation among species and within the treatments of the same species. There is a significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in growth among species and within the treatments of the same species. JC showed better growth as compared to PP in water stress conditions but PP grow as well. The growth parameters of JC showed a positive response in T2 (75% water) and T3 (50% water) drought levels while the growth parameters of PP showed a positive response in treatments T1 (100% water) and T2 (75% water)as compared to other drought levels. In the case of the fresh and dry weight of JC and PP, significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) was also found among species and within the treatments. Both JC and PP are recommended to grow in the dry tropical regions of Pakistan but JC is declared as the prime specie as compared to PP