Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry
Not a member yet
375 research outputs found
Sort by
Adaptation and Growth Performance of Different Introduced Bamboo Species in Central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
No full textBamboo is a giant bushy grass and typically a faster growing perennial than any other tree species and it starts to give utility within three or four years of planting time, except bearing seeds. The study was conducted on four bamboo species (Bambussa bambos, Phyllostachus edulis, Yushania alpina, and Bambussa vulgaris) to evaluate their adaptability potential and growth performance at Laelay Maichew district, central zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. The design of the experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The distance between the experimental plots and blocks was 2 m and 3 m, respectively, and the spacing between bamboo seedlings in the plot was 2 m x 2 m, with 4 bamboo seedlings per plot. A total of 48 bamboo seedlings were planted in the experimental site. The growth parameters; including survival rate, new emerging shoot, internode length, number of nodes, culm height, culm diameter, and root culm diameter were measured and recorded. The collected data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) between treatments following the post hock test of Tukey at P<0.05 using SPSS for Windows version 20. The results revealed that Bambussa bambos has a better survival percentage (100%), followed by Bambussa vulgaris (58.3%), Yushania alpina (41.67%), and Phyllostachus edulis (0 %). The growth parameters: new emerging shoot (culm), collar diameter, diameter at stump height, and diameter at breast height of Bambussa bambos were significantly higher than those of Yushania alpina and Bambussa vulgaris (P=.001). However, for similar parameters, Yushania alpina showed non-significant variation with Bambussa vulgaris (at P>0.05). The mean heights between treatments (Bambussa bambos (5.1 m), Yushania alpine (4.5 m), and Bambussa vulgaris (4.2 m)) were observed statistically non-significantly different (at P=.26).The other growth parameters were: the mean value of total internode length(TIL) and middle internode length (MIL) of Bambussa bambos was significantly higher than that of Bambussa vulgaris (at P<0.05). The study revealed that, among the four bamboo species, Bambussa bambos showed higher growth performance and adaptability potential, followed by Yushania alpina and Bambussa vulgaris. As a result, the best-performing introduced bamboo species (Bambussa bambos) could be promoted to end users in related agro-ecological areas for various benefits. Further studies should be recommended on the adaptability of the introduced bamboo species in other agro-ecologies
Efficacy of Botanical Insecticides for Controlling Cochineal Scale (Dactylopius opuntiae) Insect on Cactus (Dactylcompound sopius opuntiae) Plant at Southern Tigray, Ethiopia
No full textCochineal scale insects, scientifically known as D. opuntiae, are small insects that feed on the sap of cacti plants. These insects are notorious for their ability to rapidly reproduce and spread, causing significant damage to cactus populations. Tigray region, located in northern Ethiopia, has been particularly affected by the relentless attack of cochineal scale insects on its cacti. The aim of this study was to evaluate botanical insecticide to control cochineal scale insect of cacti plant in southern Tigray, Ethiopia. Field experiment was conducted during 2024 in off-season at Raya-azobo district. A total of five treatments; leave extract (Neem, Lantana camara and Pepper tree and liquid soap), salt+liquid soup, liquid soup, water and control (no sprayed)) were used in the field experiment. The experiment was laid out randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The mortality rate of cochineal scale insect had a significant difference at (p<0.001) among the treatments. The highest rate of mortality (free of cochineal scale insect) was calculated from the leave extract (100%) extracted from leaves. However, the increasing number of cochineal scale insect was observed from untreated (control) (+9.9%) followed by cladodes treated with water (45.29%). The current research findings provide strong evidence that botanical insecticide derived from plant leaves could be an effective solution for controlling cochineal scale insect infestations on cacti. These eco-friendly alternatives offer several advantages over synthetic pesticides in terms of reduced toxicity to non-target organisms. Beside; it should be promoted to further demonstration and popularization at farmer level in the coming off-season
Soil Loss Estimation and Community Awareness Assessment on Integrated Watershed Management: The Case of Lake Hashenge Watershed, Tigray, Ethiopia
No full textEthiopia is recognized as one of the most severely affected regions by soil erosion globally, posing significant threats to its national economy. This study investigates soil loss estimation and community awareness within the framework of integrated watershed management in the Lake Hashenge watershed, Tigray, Ethiopia. The mean annual rainfall and total drainage area of Lake Hashenge watershed is 988.7 mm and 129km2 respectively. Utilizing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, we quantified soil erosion rates and identified critical areas prone to severe soil loss. Our findings indicate significant soil degradation, exacerbated by both natural and anthropogenic factors. The estimated soil loss yield entering Lake Hashenge in the form of sheet and rill erosion was 61.94 tons/ha/year. According to the universal soil loss factsheet, the soil loss estimated in the watershed was categorized as severe, indicating that the lake is in danger. Concurrently, we assessed community awareness and participation in soil conservation practices through surveys and interviews with a multidisciplinary team of researchers. The results reveal a moderate level of awareness and engagement, highlighting the need for enhanced educational and participatory approaches to foster sustainable watershed management. This research underscores the importance of integrating scientific soil loss assessments with community-based integrated watershed management strategies to mitigate soil erosion, protect the lake from sedimentation, and promote environmental sustainability in the region
Farmers’ Perception of Bench Terrace Performance and Effectiveness in Southern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
No full textThe southern Tigray region in Northern Ethiopia faces significant agricultural challenges, including soil erosion and water scarcity. To address these issues, bench terraces (BTs) have been introduced as a soil and water conservation measure. These terraces aim to enhance agricultural productivity and create land opportunities for landless youths. This study investigates farmers’ perceptions of the performance of constructed BTs in southern Tigray. It aims to understand the effectiveness and challenges associated with BTs and identify socio-economic, environmental, and technical factors from the farmers’ perspectives. The research was conducted in the Zatta, Embahasti, and Wegelen watersheds, located in the districts of Ofla, Endamekoni, and Alaje, respectively, where BTs are predominantly practiced. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data. The research highlights the importance of involving farmers in the design and implementation of conservation measures to ensure their sustainability and effectiveness. Despite the benefits, farmers reported several challenges, including inadequate maintenance, water scarcity, lack of access to infrastructure, and the labor-intensive nature of constructing and maintaining the terraces. While bench terraces are generally perceived positively for their role in soil conservation and productivity enhancement, addressing challenges related to maintenance, water access, and technical support is crucial for their sustained success. Enhanced community engagement and government support are recommended to improve the overall performance and sustainability of bench terraces in the region
Floristic Checklist and Conservation Status of Woody Species in Relation to Gradient in Osomba Hills of Cross River National Park, Nigeria
No full textExtant floristic data checklist and conservation status of woody species were determined in relationship with elevation gradient in Osomba hills of the Cross River National Park, Oban division. A total of 78 species of woody plants in 31 families were identified. The family Fabaceae recorded the highest number of species (13) followed by Malvaceae with 8 species, Annonaceae and Euphorbiaceae had 6 species each, Apocynaceae had 5 species, Irvingiaceae, Ochnaceae, and Olacaceae had 3 species each, Buseraceae, Clusiaceae, Combretaceae, Ebenaceae, Moraceae, Myristicaceae, Rubiaceae and Sapotaceae had 2 species each, Anacardiaceae, Anisophylleaceae, Asteraceae, Bombacaceae, Cecropioaceae, Gentianaceae, Hyperiaceae, Lecythiddaceae, Meliaceae, Passifloraceae, Polygalaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae and Violaceae had 1 species each. The investigation of the conservation status of the species using the IUCN redlist data revealed that 1 species (Berlinia korupensis Mackinder& Burgt) is critically endangered (CR), 6 species are near threatened (NT), 7 species are vulnerable (VU), 7 species are not evaluated (NE) and 54 species are of least concerned (LC). Life forms identified included 14 shrubs and 64 tree species in the study area. In the dry season, a total of 29 species including 5 shrubs and 24 trees were identified, while in the rainy season, a total of 57 species including 10 shrubs and 47 trees were identified. Plant diversity along elevation gradient was generally heterogeneous and could be influenced by many factors such as climate, spatial heterogeneity, biotic processes, and evolutionary history. Overall species richness of both shrubs and trees decreased along the elevation gradient whereas the tree species increased with the elevation. Anthropogenic factors and accessibility to the mountainous terrain could also contribute to the patterns of the plant diversity and tree community structure in the study area. Common anthropogenic activities observed were timber harvesting, firewood collections, and harvesting of plants for food and medicinal uses
Investigation of Moisture Collection Structures and Introduction of Resistant Tree Species in the Semi-Arid Slopes of Tigray, Ethiopia
No full textVegetation cover degradation is a serious problem in low-rainfall areas of Ethiopia. A field experiment was carried out for three years on two degraded hillsides in Kilte Awlaelo district, Tigray, Ethiopia. The objective was to evaluate the effect of moisture harvesting structures on the survival and growth of tree seedlings. The treatments were micro basin, micro trench, eyebrow basin, and conventional pit as moisture harvesting structures combined with three multi-purpose tree seedlings, namely, Schinus molle, Grevillea robusta, and Olea europaea. The set-up was a split-plot design with three replications. Seedling survival, plant height, and collar diameter data were collected. The collected data were analyzed using GenStat 16 edition software by general liner model. Statistically significant differences between and among treatment means were assessed using the least significant difference (LSD) at the 5% level of significance. The results in the main effect showed eyebrow basin > micro basin > micro trench > conventional pit in the upper site, and micro basin > eyebrow basin > micro trench > conventional pit in the lower site in their order of level of significance in enhancing the seedlings survival and growth performance. The interaction effects also showed Schinus molle backed with an eyebrow and micro-basin in the above structure pit position had the highest survival rate and growth performance. Hence, the eyebrow basin and micro basin as moisture harvesting structures planted with Schinus molle tree species at the above pit position should be demonstrated and scaled up in moisture-stressed areas of Kilte Awlaelo district
Evolution Analysis of the Land use in the Municipality of Korsimoro, North-Central Burkina Faso: Predictive Modelling for 2050
No full textIn the context of the commune of Korsimoro in Burkina Faso, this study looked at the evolution of land use between 1991 and 2021, with projections to 2050. Using satellite data and geospatial processing methods, an analysis of past and projected trends in future land-use scenarios was conducted. The results revealed a significant increase in anthropogenic activities in recent decades, with a 25.69 per cent increase in land dedicated to agriculture and the expansion of urban areas. However, an optimistic outlook for 2050 suggests a regression in anthropogenic activities and an increase in natural areas, with 5.67 per cent increase for wooded savannahs and 78.37 per cent increase for shrub and grassy savannahs, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of rethinking land management policies in order to promote more sustainable development. Sustainable agricultural practices, integrated urban planning and the protection of natural ecosystems appear to be promising avenues for reconciling human needs with environmental preservation
A Comprehensive Review on Transitioning into Organic Farming
No full textThe transition from conventional to organic agricultural systems represents a significant shift in farming practices, profoundly impacting environmental sustainability and food quality. This paper reviews existing literature, focusing on the drivers behind farmers' adoption of organic practices, encapsulated by the "four Rs": the agricultural methods employed during conversion, financial implications, regulatory frameworks, and environmental outcomes. Drawing on a synthesis of research and case studies, this review paper outlines key considerations and outcomes associated with the shift to organic farming. It explores factors influencing this decision, along with the opportunities and challenges encountered in adopting sustainable production methods. Additionally, the review discusses the role of technological advancements, knowledge dissemination, and support networks in facilitating farmers' transition to organic farming. Finally, the paper proposes strategies to mitigate potential drawbacks and enhance opportunities, offering insights for future research and policy development aimed at promoting environmentally responsible farming practices
The Coastal Environmental Profiling (CEP) of Barangay Mana, Malita, Davao Occidental, Philippines: Insights and Implications for Sustainable Management
No full textThe study focused on ascertaining comprehensive coastal environmental profile of Barangay Mana, Malita, Davao Occidental. Coastal environmental profiling can help policy-makers design appropriate management strategies in the locality. A self-structured survey questionnaire and key informant interview were articulated to know the stratum of the coastal area in terms of socio- political setting, present natural resources, economic sector, existing people’s organization and management issues and opportunities. Purposive sampling technique was employed for data gathering following one-shoot sampling technique. Mean, percentage and catch per unit effort (CPUE) formula were used in analyzing the findings of the data. Results revealed that the overall population were 5,679 people, their average age is 31.92 and the productive gender is male. The average of their monthly income is Php7, 550.00 and business and fishing activities were common sources of income. An approximate 6 hectares wetland ecosystem were occupied by mangroves and shrubs grown and 1,500m coastline and 0. 4 hectares of estuaries were abundant with seaweeds, seagrasses, mollusks and crustaceans and by which has contributed to building marine species habitat and livelihood. Economic sector was uplifted by 16.32% of fishermen with their volume caught fishes that goes through fermented processing and fish selling. There were four (4) people’s organizations that are engaging with product development and innovation. These People’s Organization aims to generate alternative livelihood income, thereby reduce poverty dense in the barangay. They were likewise supplemented with opportunities designed to fish food security and resiliency and Sustainable Livelihood Programs (SLP) from Local Government Unit (LGU) and National Government Agencies (NGA’s). With the result of the study, it is recommended that Barangay Mana is still in need of various supports from local and national offices in adopting and addressing management issues in both economic and coastal environments
Effect of Different Zn Concentrations on Crop Growth and Root Nodulation in Yard-Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata L.)
No full textAn experiment was conducted to study the effect of Zinc (Zn) as a micronutrient on growth and nodulation in Vigna unguiculata L. The experiment was carried out as a pot experiment in the Crop Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Palachcholai, Eastern University, Sri Lanka from August to November 2023. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments are T1 (Control), T2 (50 mg ZnSO4/kg soil), T3 (100 mg ZnSO4/kg soil), T4 (150 mg ZnSO4/kg soil), T5 (200 mg ZnSO4/kg soil) & T6 (250 mg ZnSO4/kg soil). The experiment used source of Zinc in the form of Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4,5H2O) which yard-long bean plants can grow. The experiment results showed that, T2 treatment, the soil treated with 50 mg ZnSO4/kg soil significantly increase the Plant height, Chlorophyll content, Leaf area, Fresh weight of shoot & root, Dry weight of shoot & root, Number of nodules, Effective nodule percentage, as well as Soil respiration compared to the other treatments. However, beyond the level of 200 mg ZnSO4/kg soil, reduces the growth & nodulation of Vigna unguiculata L. and this shows that the level 200 mg ZnSO4/kg soil and beyond that level were the toxic level to the Vigna unguiculata L. Accordingly, the treatment T2 (50 mg ZnSO4/kg soil) was at the micronutrient level of Zn concentration which involved in many key cellular functions and show the best positive effect on growth and nodulation in Vigna unguiculata L. The results clearly indicate that, Zn can be use as a micronutrient up to a trace level in inducing plant growth and nodulation. However, at higher levels of Zn may act as heavy metal and cause phyto-toxicity in plants