Harvester open publications of NAS Ukraine
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Інвазійні комахи-шкідники інтродукованих рослин дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України. Повідомлення 3: щодо біології Pineus orientalis (Dreyfus, 1889) (Heteroptera: Adelgidae)
No full textThe article discusses problems associated with the introduction of plants and the accompanying invasion of new species of insect pests into park plantings. It emphasises the urgent need to study their biology. The paper describes some biological features of one of the invasive species of pests – the Eastern pine adelgid, Pineus orientalis. The data on phenology, feeding and reproductive features, number of generations, composition of life cycle morphs, and damage caused by P. orientalis to its forage plants are presented
An adaptive inference model in mobile systems
No full textThe paper proposes and investigates a new model of adaptive distribution of the inference process (application of an ML model to obtain a prediction) between local and server-side computations for mobile intelligent forecasting systems. The goal of the proposed model is to overcome the fundamental contradiction between the requirement for high prediction accuracy (achieved through powerful server-side ML models) and the need to ensure low response time, autonomous operation, and energy efficiency on resource-constrained devices. The proposed model formalizes a dynamic mechanism for selecting the inference execution path (local TFLite, server-side microservice, or hybrid mode) based on the analysis of the execution context, including network connection quality, battery charge level, computational complexity of the request, and urgency of the result. The model is implemented within an architecture that combines a Flutter client with containerized microservices and is validated on a short-term meteorological forecasting task. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model reduces average response time by 35% compared to a purely server-based approach and decreases network traffic consumption by 60% compared to constant server usage, while maintaining prediction accuracy at the level of R² = 0.80–0.95 depending on the selected mode. The work has practical significance for the development of resource-efficient mobile applications in the fields of meteorology, environmental monitoring, and predictive analytics.Problems in programming 2025; 4: 23-3
Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі Кіровоградської області
No full textKirovohrad Oblast, located at the junction of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones in central Ukraine, has undergone significant anthropogenic transformation. Based on field surveys conducted by us between 1994 and 2025, a critical reassessment of published data, and an analysis of herbarium collections, the taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast has been evaluated. In total, 151 spontaneous plant species with international, national, or regional conservation status were documented, representing ca. 12.6 % of the estimated local flora. Among them, five species have high-priority conservation categories in the IUCN Red List, nine species are included in the Revised Appendix I of the Bern Convention, 65 species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, and 79 species appear in the List of vascular plant species subjected to special protection in the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast. Rare plants are unevenly distributed across the region: 80 species occur in the western, 118 in the northern, and 100 in the southern (steppe) parts of the oblast, with 133 species restricted to the Forest-Steppe zone, indicating higher floristic diversity in this part of the region. Based on new data and earlier findings, several species have been included for the first time among the rare plants of Kirovohrad Oblast, including Cephalanthera damasonium, Eremogone cephalotes, Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. savranica, and Viola alba. A critical analysis of the List of vascular plant species subjected to special protection in the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast showed that not all species meet the criteria for regional-level protection. Some species listed as regionally rare in Kirovohrad Oblast are unconfirmed in the studied flora; two are alien, and three already have national or international conservation status. In total, 33 rare species have been erroneously or insufficiently justified as reported for Kirovohrad Oblast. Several proposals are offered to optimise the regional list of rare plants requiring protection in Kirovohrad Oblast, with special attention to the improved conservation of wetland and forest margin-range species, which are more vulnerable to present-day climate change. Examples of cultivating rare species are provided as an additional ex situ conservation measure
An approach to website vulnerability detection based on static and dynamic analysis
No full textThis paper proposes an approach to automated website vulnerability detection based on the combination of static and dynamic analysis within a modular scanner architecture. The motivation for this study arises from the growing number of parameterized URLs in modern web applications and, as a consequence, redundant crawling and the high cost of multi-variant testing under limited time and resource budgets in DevSecOps/CI/CD scenarios. The proposed approach is built on a two-stage pipeline: preliminary static analysis of a web resource, which includes sitemap construction by a crawler with depth control, extraction of endpoints, parameters, and input forms, as well as URL template normalization through the generalization of dynamic identifiers; and dynamic vulnerability testing for a normalized set of test points with parallel execution of isolated checks and aggregation of results into machine-readable formats. Quality and performance evaluation metrics are proposed, including precision/recall, the request reduction ratio, and throughput, which enable quantitative assessment of the impact of preliminary normalization and the efficiency of multithreaded processing. The implementation is realized as a Java-based CLI utility with a plugin-based testing model, facilitating extensibility for new vulnerability classes without modification of the core system. Experimental validation was conducted using benchmark vulnerable applications OWASP Juice Shop and OWASP WebGoat, as well as proprietary projects; the results demonstrate a significant reduction in crawler execution time and the achievement of acceptable throughput depending on deployment conditions. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of combining static structuring of the search space with targeted dynamic checks to improve the scalability and reproducibility of web security analysis.Problems in programming 2025; 4: 41-5
Структурно-функціональні ознаки пластичності листків Typha angustifolia в залежності від умов зростання
No full textThe results of the study of leaf anatomy and leaf epidermal ultrastructure of the heliophytic plant Typha angustifolia L. (Typhaceae), which grew in natural conditions: in the water on the bank of the Venetian Strait of the Dnipro River (Kyiv) and on land near the Strait, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are presented. The common and distinctive features of the anatomical signs and the ultrastructure of epidermal cells of T. angustifolia leaves in the phase of vegetative growth of plants were revealed. The anatomical and morphological characteristics of leaves of two ecotypes of T. angustifolia that grew in water and on the terrestrial soil did not differ; the type of mesophyll and the presence of two zones in the epidermis (the zone of cоnvex vault and stomata zone) is stable features for this species. Differences in the size of the leaf blade, the density of stomata, and the density of wax coating on the surface of epidermal cells of the cоnvex vault zone, and also the presence of amorphous silicon in the cell walls of the epidermis are adaptive, and plastic traits that vary depending on the conditions of cattail growth. Besides, scanning electron microscopy of the leaf epidermis of cattail grown in water and on terrestrial soil revealed that growth in water causes the formation of stomata that are deepened into the epidermis, as well as the presence of closed stomata on the lower epidermis, while in the leaves of terrestrial cattail, all stomata were open and located at the same level as the regular epidermal cells. It is assumed that the deepening of stomata into the epidermis contributes to the optimal water balance of leaves under wave action of Strait and high humidity around the leaves of air-water cattail. The obtained results are discussed as a manifestation of phenotypic plasticity and the possible use of epidermal wax as an adaptive marker of heliophytes for growth in different water supply conditions
Нові знахідки дубового мереживного клопа Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832), жовто-бурого мармурового клопа Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) і соснового насіннєвого клопа Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 в Україні
No full textThe paper reports the finding of three invasive species of bugs: Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832), Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), and Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 in the plantations of the dendrological park “Olexandria” and the adjacent territory. For the first time, a hotspot of C. arcuata mass reproduction in oak plantations in the Kyiv region was reported. The significance of these findings for park ecosystems is briefly discussed
Algorithm for constructing six-dimensional tensor for the problem finding hidden semantic relations into the case of natural language texts
No full textThe paper presents an algorithm for constructing six-dimensional tensor containing statistical information on the syntactic structure of sentences. Conducting preliminary analysis of natural language texts aids was described. An example of Non-negaitve Tensor Factorization algorithm highlighting common semantic relations of sentences was given.Prombles in programming 2014; 2-3: 273-27
The first report of the bow-legged fir aphid Cinara curvipes (Patch, 1912) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Ukraine
No full textFor the first time in Ukraine, the invasive aphid species Cinara curvipes is reported to have been detected in urban plantations in Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region (Ukraine) on the Abies alba tree
Старомерчицький парк (Харківська область): зміни у плануванні, таксономічному складі, ландшафтах та насадженнях за період 1997–2018 років
No full textThe paper is dedicated to establishing the trend of changes in planning, taxonomic composition, landscapes, and plantings in the Staromerychytskyi Park-Monument of landscape gardening of national importance for a short period (about 20 years). The park is located in the village of Staryi Merchyk, Bohodukhiv district, Kharkiv region (Ukraine). The history of the creation of this park ensemble is considered. The changes in the planning, and the composition of the dendroflora, which occurred during the entire period of the park’s existence, were investigated. An inventory of the park dendroflora and an analysis of the landscapes and plantings, with an interval of 20 years, were conducted. This provides an opportunity for further study and development of recommendations for preserving plantations in ancient parks. According to the Florence Charter, historic parks must be maintained and restored to the condition of their heyday. It was found that due to insufficient maintenance, taxonomic, landscape, and phytocenotic degradation is observed in Staromerychytskyi Park
NP-hardness of collective pursuiting optimization problems
No full textThe differential pursuitevasion games on a plane are considered. A group of pursuers is created for every evader in a game. The optimization problem of group composition has been formulated. The theorems about NP-completeness and NP-hardness of pursuit optimization problems are proved. Numerical methods for solving such optimization problems are constructed. Numerical experiments have demonstrated high efficiency of the methods.Prombles in programming 2014; 2-3: 44-5