Academy of Education and Social Sciences Review
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Fear of Negative Evaluation and Self-Criticism as Determinants of Self-Esteem in College Students: A Mediational Analysis
Full text linkThe present study aimed to find the role of fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and Self-Criticism (SC) in determining the Self-Esteem (SE) of college-going individuals in District Multan. This study was correlational research conducted through the survey method. Data was collected from college boys and girls, approached through convenient sampling. The data was analysed using Pearson correlation, Regression, and Mediation analysis through Hayes’s PROCESS macro. The findings reveal that FNE has a significant negative relationship with the SE. Regression analysis shows a significant impact of FNE on the SE of college students. The direct effect of FNE on SE was significant and negative. The indirect effect indicated a significant mediating effect of SC. The findings highlight the significance of the statistical model and explain that FNE and SC are strong predictors of SE in college students. This study can help develop intervention and support systems for college individuals struggling with these issues that affect their SE, which leads to further issues
Development and Validation of a Digital Competence Scale for Teachers at Higher Education level
Full text linkDigital competence integrates knowledge, skills, and attitudes essential for effective utilisation of digital technologies. This study aimed to develop and validate a Digital Competence Scale for in-service higher education teachers to measure six key digital competencies: technical competence, information processing competence, content creation competence, cybersecurity competence, cloud computing competence, and artificial intelligence competence. Grounded in extensive literature of digital competence, ICT and digital education, an initial pool of 25 items was developed using the prominently identified international digital competence frameworks. After initial scrutiny through content and expert validity, the scale was piloted on the data of 200 teachers. This data was used for exploratory factor analysis. For further scale validation, two models of the same scale were made. The first model was based on the six-dimensional conceptual framework, and the other model was based on exploratory factor analysis results. Both models were compared using confirmatory factor analysis. Overall, the 6-dimensional scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties supporting the scale’s use in educational and professional contexts
Smoking Behavior as Risk for Sleep Disturbance, Self-Control, Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Full text linkThe present study aims to assess risk for mental health problems (i.e., sleep disturbance, low self-control, depression, anxiety, and stress) among smokers and non-smokers from different academic institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. To assess variables, the Pittsburgh Sleep Symptoms Questionnaire (PSSQ-I), Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used. Logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals with smoking behaviour are at greater risk for sleep disturbance, heightened vulnerability for loss of self-control and mental health disturbances (i.e. depression, anxiety, and stress) as compared to their counterparts (non-smokers). It shows that individuals who smoke could suffer from health issues. These findings suggest that smoking behaviour is closely associated with an increased risk of both mental and physical health problems. Further, the present study provides valuable insights into the detrimental psychological consequences of cigarette smoking and underscores the need for early detection and identification of individuals at risk for smoking behaviours, and designing and implementing evidence-based interventions and preventive strategies to address this public health issue. Future research may further explore the causal mechanisms underlying the relationship between smoking and mental health issues, as well as potential moderating factors such as age, duration of smoking, and social influences
Voices in Exile: Postcolonial Identity and Muslim Immigrant Experience in Abdulrazak Gurnah\u27s Admiring Silence
Full text linkThis study examines the themes of postcolonial identity, exile, cultural hybridity and the experience of the Muslim immigrant in Abdulrazak Gurnah\u27s novel Admiring Silence (1996). The study is concerned with racial and cultural issues of the diaspora Muslim immigrants. Using a postcolonial approach, the research explores the character\u27s struggle to find their identity and belonging, both domestically and abroad in the countries of their origin and the societies in which they live. The study sheds light on the complex identities of characters shaped by the dynamics of postcolonial experiences, including immigration, cultural hybridity, and racial and religious identity. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical approach in the postcolonial context. The findings show the protagonist\u27s experience of a cultural displacement and fragmented sense of selfhood as he struggles to balance the racial, national, and religious identities that he is forced to adopt by both his homeland and his life in exile. The research aims to introduce new knowledge into the multidimensional human experience of Muslim immigrants living in exile and to reveal their sufferings of alienation, identity loss, and a sense of belonging
Mediating Effect of Anxiety on the Relationship Between Depression and Indecisiveness Through Graphological Emotional Indicators
Full text linkDepression, anxiety, and indecisiveness are the intercorrelated psychological aspects. They strongly affect the overall well-being of a person (physically and psychologically). This quantitative study aimed to examine the mediating role of anxiety on the relationship between depression and indecisiveness through graphological indicators by giving the importance of graphology in the field of mental health. It was hypothesized that anxiety would mediate the relationship between depression and indecisiveness via graphological indicators. Eighty-nine participants, with ages ranging from 19 to 38 years old, were recruited as a sample of the study through convenient sampling. A list of graphological indicators from the graphological manuals and books has been prepared to measure Depression, Anxiety, and Indecisiveness. The analysed data revealed a significant positive relationship between anxiety, depression, and indecisiveness. Further, it has been revealed that anxiety and depression positively predicted indecisiveness. Hence, it proved the mediating role of anxiety on the relationship between depression and indecisiveness via graphological indicators. Handwriting analysis, being a promising field in mental health, faces challenges that need to be targeted to develop more clear and objective tools of graphological indicators
Impact of Positive and Negative Perfectionism on Self-Efficacy of Students
Full text linkThis study examined the correlation between positive and negative perfectionism and self-efficacy among students. A sample of students was used to collect data using questionnaires that measured positive and negative perfectionism as well as self-efficacy. This was based on a correlational cross-sectional research design. A convenient sampling technique was implied. All the ethical considerations were strictly followed throughout the study. A statistical package was used to analyse the data statistically. The research findings demonstrate a positive and significant association between positive perfectionism and self-efficacy. This suggests that students who exhibit higher levels of positive perfectionism also have enhanced self-assurance and faith in their academic capabilities. In contrast, there was a negative but highly significant association between negative perfectionism and self-efficacy. Female students exhibit a greater degree of perfectionism and self-efficacy as compared to their male counterparts. These findings highlight the significance of fostering constructive perfectionism within an educational setting to enhance students\u27 self-confidence and academic achievements. This research emphasises the importance of implementing specific treatments in Pakistani educational institutions to address the negative impacts of perfectionism and enhance students\u27 emotional well-being and academic achievements
Exploring The Perceptions and Practices of Secondary School Teachers Toward STEM Education
Full text linkThis study explored the perception of science teachers regarding STEM education and the challenges, specifically those faced by secondary school science teachers, in integrating STEM into their pedagogical approaches. It adopted an exploratory qualitative design for data collection from science teachers. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather the data, along with four supplementary classroom observations to validate the interview data. The collected data were analysed using a qualitative thematic analysis process. Science teachers showed a positive perception of expertise and were found to be eager to incorporate STEM education into the classroom; however, they encountered several obstacles. Teachers felt that STEM subjects took a lot of time, and they lacked the confidence to carry them out. Moreover, the study also found that, in crowded classrooms, there were challenges regarding student involvement. Professional development is required to successfully integrate STEM education. Educators should receive a variety of continuing education courses and training to ensure that they are always updated on the latest findings on STEM education
AI-Driven Personalized Learning in Entrepreneurship Education
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of AI-driven personalized learning on entrepreneurship education outcomes, highlighting the mediating role of experience and engagement and the moderating influence of contextual factors. The study used a quantitative research design and a cross-sectional survey of 100 students in entrepreneurship programs. The study confirms that AI-driven learning significantly enhances entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. It also demonstrates that engagement mediates the relationship between personalized learning and educational outcomes, emphasizing the importance of tailored interactive content. Moderation analysis reveals that contextual factors, such as technological access and institutional support, affect engagement levels but do not significantly alter the direct relationship between personalized learning and outcomes. This research underscores the transformative potential of AI in education while addressing challenges related to equity and access. The study concludes with practical insights for educators and policymakers and calls for future research to explore longitudinal impacts and diverse educational contexts
Effectiveness of Apologizing Effectively Intervention among Married Couples: Enhancing Communication Patterns, Tolerance for Disagreement and Marital Quality
Full text linkThis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of apologising effectively which was a positive psychology intervention for enhancing the Tolerance for Disagreement (TfD), Positive Communication Patterns (PCP) and marital quality, along with reducing Negative Communication Patterns (NCP) in married couples. For this purpose, married couples who had been married for a minimum of three years and had at least one child were selected by using purposive and snowball sampling. A pre-test/post-test experimental design was employed. Random assignment of married couples to a control group (husbands and wives) and an experimental group (husbands and wives) was done. Fourteen sessions of the apologising effectively technique were conducted with married couples. The Couple Communication Patterns Questionnaire, the Comprehensive Marital Satisfaction Scale and Tolerance for Disagreement Scale were administered at pre-test and post-test. The findings of the study suggest that post-test levels of TfD, PCP and marital quality were higher, while post-test levels of NCP were lower in married couples in the experimental group. These results highlight the feasibility of the Apologising Effectively intervention in married couples, which fosters a healthy marital relationship and emphasises an intervention-based study that would be of great value to couples therapists and marriage counsellors
Digital Edge: Does Digital Literacy Enhance Academic Performance in Online Education?
Full text linkDigital literacy not only plays a crucial role in students\u27 academic performance but also their future job prospects. This study investigates students\u27 digital literacy level and its relationship with their academic performance. Furthermore, it compares the digital literacy level between male and female students. Using the Digital Literacy Scale (DLS), data were collected from 663 students enrolled in an online university in Pakistan, while their CGPA was used to measure their academic performance. The results showed that overall, students exhibited a high level of digital literacy. In one dimension (Creativity), they reported a low perception degree; while in others, their perception degrees were moderate (Copyright, Critical Thinking, Character, Connectedness, and Collaboration), high (Communication and Curation), and very high (Citizenship). Female students reported a lower level of digital literacy than males. A positive week, but a significant correlation was observed between their digital literacy and academic performance, thus suggesting that digital literacy plays a significant role in students\u27 academic performance. The results would be useful for the academicians and education authorities to develop relevant courses for positive student outcomes