Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Use of Yakult Probiotic Materials with Different Fermentation Durations in Bioflock Systems on Biological Performance of Vanname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
No full textLitopenaeus vannamei is one of the most economically important aquaculture species globally. However, intensified farming practices have raised concerns over feed efficiency and environmental sustainability. Biofloc technology, which utilizes microbial fermentation to enhance water quality and provide supplementary nutrition, has shown promising results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different fermentation durations using Yakult-based probiotics on the biological performance of L. vannamei cultured in a biofloc system. The experiment was conducted for 60 days using a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments (3-day fermentation, 7-day fermentation, and control) with three replicates each. Key performance indicators, including absolute growth, survival rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency, biofloc volume, and water quality parameters, were evaluated. Results revealed that the 7-day fermentation treatment produced significantly higher growth (1.64 g), a higher survival rate (82.9%), and greater feed efficiency, as well as a larger biofloc volume (35 ml/L), compared to the 3-day treatment and control. The control group without biofloc demonstrated the lowest performance. These findings suggest that a 7-day Yakult-based probiotic fermentation enhances the functionality of the biofloc system, thereby improving shrimp performance and reducing environmental waste. This approach offers a viable strategy for advancing sustainable aquaculture practices
Fatty Acid Profile of Some Feral and Cultured Catfish Species in Nigeria
No full textThe fatty acid profile of feral and cultured Heterobranchus longifilis, Clarias gariepinus and feral Chrystichthys nigrodigitatus were determined. Three adult fish each of Heterobranchus longifilis and Clarias gariepinus were procured from Oguta lake in Imo State and Azuberth Research Complex at Industrial Cluster Naze, in Owerri west Loca Government Area, Imo State, while Chrystichthys nigrodigitatus were obtained from Afikpo Ebonyi State. The fish samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the, fatty acid profile using recommended standard methods by AOAC. Data obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis and means separated for comparison. Thirteen fatty acids were obtained in all the treatments (H. longifilis, C. gariepinus and C. nigrodigitatus both culture and wild respectively. Myristic, lauric, stearic and palmitic acids were the saturated fatty acid found. While Linolenic acid, Tetracopentaenoic, Linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid, Cervonic acid, Oleic acid, Dihomo-linoleic, Linolenic acid and Eicosapentaenoic acid are the unsaturated fatty acid. However, Linoleic acids (C18:2) had the highest concentration (28.160%) in wild H. longifilis, followed by cultured C. gariepinus (15.668%). Generally, when pooled together for each fish species unsaturated fatty acid had far higher percentage concentration than saturated fatty acids. The presence of linoleic acid (Omega fatty acid) in high amount in all the treatments is an indication that fish oil is an excellent source of polyunsaturated fatty acid that the body cannot synthesized and must be required in their diet hence, making fish a must for human consumption. Though saturated fatty acids were present but the concentrations of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids far outweighs the presence of the low concentration of saturated fatty acids
Utilization of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Mucus to Combat Vibrio alginolyticus Infection in Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Fry
No full textWhiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a high-value export commodity whose production is threatened by disease outbreaks. This study evaluated the effectiveness of snakehead fish (Channa striata) mucus extract against Vibrio alginolyticus in whiteleg shrimp fry, both in vitro and in vivo. An experimental method with a completely randomized design was used, consisting of three treatment levels: A, 0% extract dose (control); B, 5% extract dose; and C, 10% extract dose. The results showed that the 10% extract dose significantly increased the survival rate (SR) to 70%, compared to 45.83% in the infected control, alongside the highest Total Hemocyte Count (12.91 × 10^6 cells/mL). The Differential Hemocyte Count (DHC) revealed hyaline cells at 12.34%, semi-granular cells at 47.76%, and granular cells at 39.88%. These results indicate that dietary supplementation with snakehead fish mucus extract can enhance the immune response and survival of shrimp fry, presenting a promising natural alternative for managing vibriosis in aquaculture
Length-Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor of Ichthyofaunal Species in Yashwant Sagar Dam, Indore City (M.P.), India
No full textThe aim of current investigation was to understand the Length - Weight relationship of some local fish in Yashwant Sagar dam during January to March, 2024 to know the fisheries status of the dam. The highest average length and weight were noticed as 57 cm and 4000 g during March for Catla catla however, the lowest average length and weight were recorded to be 16.50 cm and 115 g for Notopterus notopterus and Clarias batrachus respectively during January month. The Fulton’s condition factor (K) were ranges from 1.081 to 2.99 which indicating the about the good health condition of ichthyofaunal species moreover, the Relative Condition Factor (Kn) fluctuated in the ranges of 0.9057 to 1.1733, illustrates about a state of well-being of the fish species in Yashwant Sagar dam. Further, the exponent ‘b’ values in the LWRs (W=aLb) were varied from 1.48167 to 2.08767 which demonstrates the negative allometric growth (b<3). The coefficient of correlation (r) were found to be in the range of 0.818 to 0.910 which illustrates high degree of correlation in all the fish fauna. This study has great importance as it helps to manage the stock assessment as well as population dynamics of the fishes which are necessary for better productivity of ichthyofaunal species in Yashwant Sagar dam. It explores the length weight relationship of fish species which have great importance to get the knowledge about growth, species composition and population dynamics of ichthyofaunal species in water bodies, which are necessary for sustainable utilization of its resources
Length-Weight Relationship and Natural Diet of Hemichromis fasciatus, Coptodon zillii and Pelmatolapia mariae in Akomoje Water Reservoir, Abeokuta, Nigeria
No full textThis study examined the length-weight relationship and natural diets of Coptodon zillii, Pelmatolapia mariae, and Hemichromis fasciatus in Akomoje Reservoir with aim of evaluating the length weight relationship and condition factors of the species, determine the sex ratio of the species and assessment of the stomach content of the species. Specimens were collected monthly between February and July 2024, then transported to the laboratory in ice chest where measurement of Total Length, Standard Length and Body weight started immediately to avoid shrinkage. Frequency of occurrence and numerical method were used for gut content analysis. Length-weight was analyzed using regression analysis. The study showed that combined sexes of Coptodon zilli from the study location exhibited isometric growth (b= 3) while Pelmatolapia mariae and Hemichromis fasicatus exhibited negative allometric growth (b = 2.7 and 2.5). The coefficient of correlation (r) values were for Coptodon zilli were positively weak (male: 0.055 and female: 0.265). For Pelmatolapia mariae the values positively weak (male: 0.348 and female: 0.412). For Hemichromis fasicatus the values positively strong for male weak for female (male: 0.662 and female: 0.290). In Coptodon zilli, the total of 11 categories of natural diet were unidentified in Akomoje Resevoir. Frequency of occurrence and Numerical method showed that Cyanobacteria, Diatom, Plankton and Green Algae were present. In Pelmatolapia mariae, the total of 13 categories of natural diet were unidentified in Akomoje Resevoir. Frequency of occurrence and Numerical method showed that Plankton, Cyanobacteria, Diatom, and Green Algae were present. In Hemichromis fasicatus, the total of 3 categories of natural diet were unidentified in Akomoje Resevoir. Frequency of occurrence and Numerical method showed that Cyanobacteria and Flagellates were present. The study revealed that male have better condition factor than females (with higher percentage in Pelmatolapia mariae and Hemichromis fasciatus) in this study location. Pelmatolapia mariae exhibited a positive allometric growth pattern, while Hemichromis fasciatus had a negative allometric growth pattern and there was a mixture between the two in Coptodon zillii
A Study on Food and Feeding Habit of Atya Gabonensis and Macrobrachium Macrobrachion and the Physicochemical Parameters of Lower River Benue at Wadata, Makurdi, Nigeria
No full textThis study was done to investigate the food and feeding habits of Macrobrachium macrobrachion and Atya gabonensis from the Lower River Benue, Makurdi, as well as the influence of physicochemical parameters on their distribution. A total of 123 specimens of M. macrobrachion and 195 specimens of A. gabonensis were collected between August 2021 and January 2022 using basket traps and hand-picking techniques. Stomach contents were analyzed by numerical and frequency of occurrence methods, while water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity) were monitored monthly. The results of the analysis showed that M. macrobrachion had 14.5% empty stomachs, while A. gabonensis recorded 15.3%. Detritus formed the dominant food item for both species (30.6% in M. macrobrachion and 42.9% in A. gabonensis), followed by green algae, insect parts, and plant materials. Seasonal variation in water quality was significant (p < 0.05) across most parameters. Dissolved oxygen peaked in November (6.70±0.10 mg/L), pH was highest in January (7.22±0.01), temperature was highest in August (37.30±0.10 °C), transparency peaked in December (189.50±0.50 cm), TDS in August (62.00±1.00 mg/L), and electrical conductivity in January (148.00±2.00 µS/cm). The findings of this work indicates that both species are primarily detritivores with tendencies toward omnivory. The findings also showed that the feeding ecology of M. macrobrachion and A. gabonensis is closely tied to detritus availability, with environmental factors such as water quality fluctuations or stability which influence food resources and feeding intensity. The results provide essential data for the management and conservation of freshwater prawn populations in the River Benue ecosystem
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Histological Changes Caused by a Common Laundry Detergent in the Freshwater Fish, Channa punctatus
No full textLaundry detergents, with their pervasive domestic and industrial use, introduce chemically complex effluents into aquatic systems, where many components demonstrate significant toxicity to aquatic life. This study investigated the sublethal effects of a commercially prevalent detergent, Ariel, on the freshwater fish Channa punctatus, focusing on histopathological alterations and oxidative stress biomarkers in liver and gill tissues. The median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) for 96 hours was determined to be 32 ppm via probit analysis. To assess chronic toxicity, fish were exposed to a sublethal concentration (6.4 ppm, one-fifth of the LC₅₀) for 7 and 14 days. A significant (p<0.05) time-dependent decline was observed in the activities of key antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and in glutathione (GSH) levels in both tissues. Concurrently, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were markedly elevated. Histological examination revealed pronounced impairments, including disorganized and degenerated hepatocytes, sinusoidal dilation, and vacuolization in the liver. Gill tissues exhibited hyperemia, congestion in the secondary lamellae, and, after 14 days, curling and fusion of lamellae. The toxicological perturbations were more severe in the 14-day exposure group and consistently more pronounced in gill tissue compared to liver. These findings demonstrate that Ariel detergent induces significant oxidative stress, leading to time-dependent histopathological damage, likely due to the synergistic action of its chemical constituents, highlighting a substantial ecotoxicological risk to freshwater fish
Survey of Fish Feed Millers and Fish Farmers for Sustainable Aquaculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Nigeria
No full textThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the fish farmers and feed millers in the study areas to determine their coping strategies, the types of feeds they use, the ingredients in their formulations, the sources of the ingredients, and any other relevant information that could aid in the scaling of sustainable local ingredients and feeds. Questionnaires were administered in Local Government Areas (LGAs) in 22 States and the FCT cutting across the 6 geopolitical zones (North Central (NC), North-East (NE), North-West (NW), South-East (SE), South-South (SS) and South-West (SW)) of Nigeria from June to December 2023 to obtain information on activities of the feed millers and fish farmers in respect of the use of local ingredients from 2018 – 2022 to improve local feed production, reduce cost and support sustainable aquaculture development. A total of 459 structured questionnaires were administered to 130 feed millers and 329 fish farmers. Majority (65%) of the feed millers produced less than 5 tons per day in all the geopolitical zones across all business age categories (<5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years). Feed sizes of 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm and above were produced at different capacity in all geopolitical zones. The lowest selling price of ₦540 per kg of feed was recorded in the south- west zone while the highest value of ₦1,599.36 was recorded in the South-East zone. Fish farmers in the South-West region have the highest fish production capacity, with 21.28% producing over 1000kg/year, while those in the South-South region have the lowest, with only 0.91% producing between 100-1000kg/year. 78% of fish farmers operate full-time, while only 22% do it part time. Most farmers (47%) use earthen ponds, followed by 24% who use concrete ponds. Some utilize both types, and a few make use of all available facilities. Fish farming and feed milling business can thrive well in Nigeria if favourable factors are considered
An Analysis of Fish Production in India through ARIMA Model
No full textIndia has a vast and diverse fisheries sector that plays a vital role in the country’s economy. This study aimed to develop regression (curve estimation) and autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) models for India’s marine, inland, and total fish production data from 1970–71 to 2022–23. The models were then used to forecast fish production over 10 years, from 2020-21 to 2029-30. This paper analyzes the production of marine fish, inland fish, and their combined output in India to predict future production using linear regression and the ARIMA model. The ARIMA model provides better results for both inland and total production, whereas the regression model predicts a higher production level for marine fish. The projections for all types of fish production from 2023-24 to 2032-33 indicate a steady increase in India\u27s fish production. The carbon footprints associated with different fishing methods and various maritime states were also compared. Climate change clearly impacts the marine fisheries industry. The South-West region has the highest total fish catch and the highest total Carbon Dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions. The carbon footprints in Kerala (1.94), Andhra Pradesh (1.87), Odisha (1.87), Pondicherry (1.73), and West Bengal (1.73) are notably high for mechanized marine fishing. Conversely, the carbon footprints are relatively lower in highly productive states such as Gujarat (1.16) and Maharashtra (1.3)
Morphometric and Reproductive Trends Reveal Near-Equal Sex Ratio, Positive Allometric Growth, and Early Maturity of Euthynnus affinis in Southern Philippine Waters
No full textIchthyometric indices and gonadosomatic dynamics provide essential insights for fisheries management and policy development, emphasizing their role in sustainable resource utilization. Our study presents updated information on the sex ratio, length-weight relationship, and length at first maturity of Euthynnus affinis in Southern Philippine waters: Celebes Sea, Moro Gulf, Sarangani Bay, and Davao Gulf. A total of 1,314 Euthynnus affinis specimens ranging from 14.00 cm to 64.70 cm collected using handline, purse seine, and ring net, were analyzed from multiple fishing ports across these four study sites. We sampled the E. affinis population which exhibited a near-proportional distribution of sexes, with an overall ratio of 1:0.59. A higher prevalence of males was observed, with a calculated male-to-female ratio of 1:0.59 (p-value < 0.05, χ² = 4.36), indicating a significant deviation from an expected 1:1 ratio. The relationship between fork length (FL, cm) and weight (W, g) was expressed as W = 0.0104 FL3.1483 for males and W = 0.0137 FL3.0639 for females. The length-weight analysis revealed a positive allometric growth pattern, indicating that E. affinis becomes rotund deeper-bodied as it increases in length. The correlation coefficients (R²) were high, at 0.9760 for males and 0.9577 for females, confirming a strong relationship between length and weight. The b-values exceeding 3 further support a positive allometric growth pattern, suggesting that the species grows proportionally more in weight than in length. The length at 50% sexual maturity (Lm50) was estimated at 37.18 cm, while 95% of the population (Lm95) reached maturity at 45.36 cm. For females, Lm50 and Lm95 were 35.19 cm and 41.48 cm, respectively, whereas males reached maturity at 38.43 cm (Lm50) and 49.90 cm (Lm95). We present these findings that highlight early sexual maturation in E. affinis, underscoring the need for targeted management strategies to ensure the sustainability of its populations. Our paper reveals the near-equal sex ratio, positive allometric growth, and early maturity of Euthynnus affinis, highlighting the need for science-based fisheries management to sustain population stability. We propose establishing minimum catch size limits above 37.18 cm (Lm50) to allow individuals to reach reproductive maturity and above 45.36 cm (Lm95) to ensure that most individuals have spawned at least once before harvest. Additional measures, including protecting spawning stocks, implementing seasonal fishing closures, and continuously monitoring population trends, can help prevent overfishing and ensure long-term resource availability. Thus, localized management strategies and adaptive policies are essential to account for environmental changes and optimize economic benefits for fishers