Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Water Quality Assessment and its Impact on Shrimp in the Rupnarayan River: A Comparative Study from February to May of 2022-2024
No full textThe Rupnarayan River is the heart of the Purba Medinipur district of West Bengal, as it is the habitat of a large number of aquatic species and the main drinking, agricultural, irrigation, and cultivation resource. We collected river water samples from the Kolaghat, Alinan, Siuri and Deemari villages near Tamluk in the Purba Medinipur district. Then, we assessed different water quality parameters, such as temperature, turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, salinity, alkalinity, and hardness. We studied the premonsoon phase (Feb-May) and assessed the impact of these parameters on the production of shrimp species. We identified M. rosenbergi, M. brevicornis, M. monoceros, and Penaeus vannamei as shrimp species. We also compared the data from 2022 to 2024 (Feb-May) and observed yields of 40%, 60%, and 30% in 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively
Ascorbic Acid Mediated Amelioration of Bridelia micrantha Induced Alterations in Haematological, Histological and Proximate Composition of the Carcass of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
No full textAcute and sub-acute exposure of piscicidal plant Bridelia micrantha (BM) during fishing of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus juvenile causes alterations in haematological, histological and the carcass analysis. The result of water quality shows the normal value for fish culture in the tropics, the DO2 level of the water varies slightly such that the T1 , T2 , T3, T5and T0 were in the normal range, conductivity followed by T2 whereas T1 had the least value for conductivity, which the mean differences were statistically not significant (p>0.05) among the individual treatments. There was severe alterations in haematology, of Clarias gariepinus exposed to Brandelia micrantha, at 0.00, 0.042, 0.084, 0.126, 0.168 and 0.21mg/l during 60days of exposure periods, blood analysis show a reduction in white blood cell (mg/l)), Haemoglobin, Red blood cell (mg/l) Haemoglobin (g/dl), Lymphocytes (mg/l), Mean cell volume (fl), Mean cell concentration, tissue analysis indicated an alterations in the gill, liver and kidney while tissue analysis reveals severe degeneration of the renal tissue with severe intra renal necrosis (TN) and inflammatory cell aggregate (IC) with tubular atrophy (TA) in some areas and carcass analysis show severe reduction in Moisture (M), Crude Protein (CP) (Mg/l), Crude Lipid (CL), Ash, Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE), and Energy (kcal/100g). The recovery of C. gariepinus from Bridelia micrantha (BM) was evaluated by exposing C. gariepinus to a 60-days depuration, on ascorbic acid (AA) supplemented diet at concentrations of 0.00, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125ml/l. After 60-days depuration some of the lesions in histological, haematological and proximate composition of the carcass attained different stages of recovery as compared to the control
The Growth Performance of Abalone Shells (Haliotis squamata) with Different Types of Macroalgae Feeding in Polycultural Cultivation with Snubnose Pompano (Trachinotus blochii)
No full textPolyculture system is one of the cultivation efforts by using two different types of biota in the same environment at the same time. Abalone (Haliotis squamata) and Snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) are two species that show complementary potential in polyculture systems. In polyculture systems, Abalone feed is generally macroalgae. Different types of macroalgae can have different impacts on the growth and survival of Abalone and snubnose pompano in polyculture systems. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the growth performance of Abalone mussels by feeding different macroalgae. This study used an experimental method with a complete randomized design (CRD). The results showed that different types of macroalgae feed in the maintenance of Abalone mussels with snubnose pompano had a significant effect on growth (absolute length and absolute weight) and the best survival of Abalone (Haliotis squamata) was in maintenance with Gracilaria s
Extraction and Utilization of Chitin and Chitosan from Waste Yields of Economically Important Crustaceans and Molluscs for Improved Fish Production
No full textBackground: Every year, about eight million tons of different species of crustacean shells are produced, with several million tons of various mollusc shells world-wide. These shell wastes are usually disposed into the water body or mainland, littered everywhere, with significant impact on the environment.
Aim: To provide a profitable way of reducing and possibly removing shell wastes, and harness them for a better purpose through an eco-friendly and sustainable technological approach.
Main Body of the Abstract: This review underscores a broad list of economically important crustaceans and molluscs, harvestable in Nigeria coastal waters whose shells usually ended up as wastes. Chitin, being the primary component of these wastes can be extracted and deacetylated into chitosan, or synthesized into nanoparticles for better applications in various aspects of aquaculture. Both chemical and biological methods of chitin extraction were discussed, however, bioextraction method was recommended due to its eco-friendliness, biocompatibility, and non-hazardousness. Various ways by which these shell wastes can be processed and utilized for improve aquaculture practices were also discussed. These include fish growth enhancement, pond water treatment, as antioxidant, as immuno-stimulant, as antimicrobial, as drug carrier, and several other purposes.
Conclusion: There are much hidden wealth in these fisheries by-products (Crustacean and Mollusc shells) if properly valorized. It has a great potential to transform aquaculture industry, and bring significant, and sustainable economic development in Nigeria
Population Dynamics of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758) in Lake Nubia, Sudan
No full textThis study aims to investigate the population dynamics of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) in Lake Nubia, Sudan. Monthly samples were collected from fishermen from January to December 2021, and recorded total lengths (TL) of 996 specimens nearest to 1.0 mm using a standardized measuring board; the lengths (TL) exhibited a range from 5.2 to 41.3 cm. Population parameters were assessed using the ELEFAN I routine within FiSAT II software, which produced von Bertalanffy growth parameters as follows: an asymptotic length (L∞) of 43.05 cm, a growth curvature (K) of 0.230 yr⁻¹, and a theoretical length at age zero (t0) of -0.1816. The growth performance index (Φ\u27) was calculated to be 2.639. The instantaneous mortality rates were evaluated, revealing total mortality (Z) at 0.65 yr⁻¹, natural mortality (M) at 0.63 yr⁻¹, and fishing mortality (F) at 0.02 year⁻¹; While the exploitation rate (E) was determined to be 0.04 yr⁻¹. The size at first capture (Lc) was obtained as 5.2 cm, while L50 was estimated at 10.07 cm, both being below the size at first maturity (Lₘ) of 13.5 cm, and the longevity (Tmax) was noted to be 12.86 years. The results indicated poor utilization of the Nile tilapia population in Lake Nubia, and its size at first capture and L50 was below the size at first maturity. This situation is an indication of the need for a continuous process of monitoring and managing to reduce the harvesting of smaller individuals and to improve productivity toward achieving levels that optimize sustainable yield
Phytochemical Screening of Seaweed Flour (Eucheuma cottonii) Using Various Organic Solvents and Its Application in Tilapia Feed (Oreochromis niloticus)
No full textThis study aims to qualitatively analyze the bioactive compounds in Eucheuma cottonii seaweed flour extract and its application in commercial feed for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The methodology employed is experimental and consists of two phases. Phase 1 involves the extraction of E. cottonii flour using three different organic solvents with varying polarity (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and a combination of ethanol + ethyl acetate). The testing parameters include qualitative phytochemical tests for alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. Phase 2 consists of the application of the extract to tilapia over a 30-day rearing period with four treatments: control/commercial feed (P0), commercial feed + ethanol extract (P1), commercial feed + ethyl acetate extract (P2), and commercial feed + combined ethanol and ethyl acetate extract (P3). The parameters tested include absolute weight, specific growth rate, survival rate, and water quality. Phytochemical and water quality data are presented in table format. Meanwhile, growth and survival data are analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s test for significant differences. The results of the researches carried out, it can be concluded that the phytochemical analysis of E. cottonii extract in ethanol and the ethanol + ethyl acetate combination yielded similar compounds: alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, and flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract contained triterpenoids and flavonoids. Both saponins and tannins returned negative results across all organic solvent treatments. All treatments with the addition of E. cottonii seaweed extract in various organic solvents demonstrated better growth in tilapia compared to the control treatment
Culturing of Duckweed (Lemna minor) under Different Chicken Manure Concentration in the Lab
No full textThe research on the Culturing of Duckweed (Lemna minor) plants under different chicken manure concentrations in the laboratory was conducted to determine relative growth rate of duckweed and to determine the physicochemical parameters of the experimental water. The experimental design was based on an assumption that duckweed spores are contained in the bottom of flood plain stagnant pools. The sprouting of duckweed (Lemna minor) was monitored under media chicken manure concentrations of 5g per 10 litre for treatment one. Treatment two was 7.5g per 10 litre of water. Treatment three, 10g per 10 litre of water, treatment four, 12.5g per 10lit of water, and for treatment five 15g per 10 litre of water was used. 75 litre plastic bowls were used for this experiment. Each bowl were inoculated with 100 pods of duckweed. Water quality in tanks treated with chicken manure and inoculated with duckweed shows that there was no significant difference in water quality across the treatments (p>0.05). However, the pH varied over the weeks of experimentation with increase in pH being observed from an initial value of 7.92 to a final value of 10.25 in week 4. There was a high percentage increase of 45% in DO for T2 while all other treatments recorded declines in DO. Each treatment was replicated, giving a total of 12 experimental containers including the control treatment. To every plastic container 100g of wet soil that was collected was introduced along with 10 liters of domestic water supply. The various chicken manure levels were weighed and randomly assigned to the experimental containers in replicate. Under favorable climatic conditions and nutrient balance in growth media, Lemna minor can double its biomass within seven days. The plot of numerical abundance of duckweed stems in the culture media revealed that duckweed mean levels in T2 (M=213.8000) was more than other treatments with significant difference at P<0.05. T5 (M= 83.6000) was least, and Control (M= 95.0000), during the experiment
Phyto-prophylactic Potentials of Dietary Ipomoea-batatas Leaves on Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Psedomonas aeruginosa: Biochemical Analysis and Liver Histopathology
No full textIpomoea batatas aqueous extracts was examined for it\u27s phyto-prohylatic effects on the enzymes, bilirubin, metabolites, electrolytes and liver histopathology of Clarias gariepinus challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One hundred and fifty (150) C. gariepinus were distributed into five groups in triplicates and fed accordingly with 0ml/kg (DO), 50ml/kg (D1), 100ml/kg (D2) and 150ml/kg (D3) I. batatas supplemented diets. Two groups were fed with 0ml/kg (D0+v and D0-ve). At the end of feeding period, the fish fed D0-ve (negative control) and D1-D3 were infected with 1.5ml of 1.5 × 10¹⁰cfu/ml overnight grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa while the fish fed D0+ve was unfected. After seven (7) days post infection period, blood samples were collected from all groups to determine enzyme activities [Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and (ALP), Bilirubin activities [Total Bilirubin (TB) and Conjugated Bilirubin (CB)], Metabolites activities [Total Protein (TP), Albumine (ALB), Globulin (GLB), Urea (UR) and creatinine (CR)] and Electrolytes activities [Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (CL-) and bicarbonate (HCO-3)]. The fish livers were also harvested for histopathological analysis. The results revealed that the highest values of all enzymes and bilirubin activities were recorded in the fish fed D-ve (negative control) when compared to the fish fed D1 to D3 (treated groups) and D+ve (positive control). TB and GLB were lower while UR and CR were higher in the fish fed D-ve when compared to the fish fed D1-D3 and D+ve. ALB values were similar in the fish fed D+ve and D3. Na+ and CL- were significantly lower in the fish fed D-ve and the highest values of Ca2+ and K+ were also recorded in the fish fed D-ve. However, the values of HCO-3 had no significant difference. The histopathological analysis shows that the liver of the fish fed D+ve, D2 and D3 had exact same features suggestive of a cultured fish. However, the liver of the fish fed D-ve and D1 had no vacuoles and there was a mild infiltration by lymphocytes. Sequel to these results, it is evidential that I. batatas possess the potentials of maintaining normal biochemical activities, and safeguard fish liver against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is therefore recommended that aquaculturist should embrace and apply this great discovery to maintain fish health especially in harsh environment
Effectiveness of Spirulina Meal in Enhancing Platy Fish (Xiphophorus maculatus)
No full textThis study was to determine the effectiveness of adding spirulina meal in increasing the color of platy fish and to determine the right dose of spirulina in feed on the intensity of the color of platy fish. The study was conducted in the maintenance activities at the Production and Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Mataram University and used the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, experiments, with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. In P1 (100% control feed), P2 (99% feed + 1% spirulina meal), P3 (97% feed + 3% spirulina meal) and P4 (95% feed + 5% spirulina meal). The commercial feed used was in the form of powder mixed with spirulina meal according to the treatment. The fish used were platy fish seeds with a length of 1-2 cm. Observations of carotenoids on feed were carried out before feeding the test fish. The brightness level of the platy fish skin was measured on days 0, 15, 30 and 45, as many as 3 fish in each treatment using a colourimeter. The level of color brightness, lightness, redness, yellowness, hue and chroma based on the day and dose of ANOVA results showed that feeding with the addition of different spirulina meal had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the level of color brightness, the growth rate of platy fish, while the survival rate of platy fish had no significant effect. Conclusion this experimentadding 3% spirulina meal with a maintenance period of 30 days can improve the color of platy fishwith a Lightness (L*) value of 47.26, Redness (a*) of 24.63, Yellowness (b*) of 24.90, Hue of 61.77 and Chroma value of 44.77 with a carotenoid content of 15.56 µmol/l. The use of spirulina meal in feed for platy fish produces a survival rate of over 90%
Growth Performance of Oreochromis Niloticus Fry Fed with Two Different Starter Diets
No full textThis study was conducted at Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Benue State, Nigeria to assess the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry fed Coppens and Skretting starter diets. A total of 200 fry were stocked at a density of 50 fry per 50 litre tanks. The experimental diets, Coppens and Skretting starter feeds were administered 4 times daily to satiation for a period 8 weeks (56 days) in two replicates per diet, utilizing four aerated plastic tanks. Weekly sampling was conducted to evaluate specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate across the treatments. Statistical analysis revealed to significant differences (p>0.05) between the two diets treatment in terms of weight gain and length increment, although slight variations were observed. The average water temperature and pH during the experiment were 27.45°C ±0.77 and 7.35±0.15, respectively. The results indicates that both feed types performed comparably in promoting growth and survival rates of the fry. However, considering the higher costs of Coppens feed, Skretting starter feed is recommended as a more cost-effective alternative for aquaculture operations