Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Evaluation of the Criteria for Assessing the Health Quality of Canned Sardinella Pâté Produced by CONDAK and Marketed in Supermarkets in DAKAR and Shops in KEUR MASSAR, Senegal
No full textThis study aims to assess the sanitary quality of canned Sardinella pâté (PINTON) produced by the company CONDAK and sold in Dakar\u27s supermarkets and in Keur Massar\u27s shops. It employs a multidimensional approach combining socioeconomic surveys, observations on storage conditions, as well as microbiological, chemical, and organoleptic analyses. The surveys were conducted in 23 shops and 4 supermarkets, involving a total of 111 respondents. The results indicate significant differences between the two distribution channels in terms of storage methods, the education level of sellers (with a higher university level more prominent in large retail stores (Auchan, Exclusive hypermarket, Supeco, and Carrefour Market with 62.5%, 45.5%, 47.4%, and 60% of their staff respectively, and a more notable Quranic study level in small shops (64% of the surveyed staff)), and awareness of hygiene standards.The supermarkets benefit from better storage conditions (air-conditioned shelves) and generally more qualified staff, while the shops, mostly owned by Guineans, have more rudimentary storage practices. Microbiological analyses revealed no presence of Clostridium botulinum or Bacillus cereus, attesting to the safety of the products. Stability tests, carried out at different temperatures (room temperature, in a steam room 32°C for 21 days, and in a steam room 32°C 55°C for 7 days), confirmed the integrity of the cans on the physical level (absence of bulging, leakage, or deformation), and chemical level (stable pH with deviations < 0.5). At the same time, the sensory evaluation showed total compliance (100%) with the perceived quality criteria, both in terms of color (typical brown), odor (specific odor of the species), and texture (mostly tender). CONDAK canned sardinella pâté exhibit satisfactory stability and microbiological safety, regardless of the distribution channel. However, the observed disparities in marketing and storage practices suggest the need to strengthen retailer training and promote uniform hygiene standards nationwide, particularly in the informal sector
Biological Characteristics and Feeding Dynamics of Indo Pacific Tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides Broussonet 1782) in Estuarine Waters of North Kalimantan, Indonesia
No full textThe Indo-Pacific Tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides) is a species that has important ecological and economic value in tropical estuarine and coastal ecosystems, but information on its biology in Indonesian waters is still very limited. This study aims to analyze the size distribution, growth patterns, condition factors, and feeding habits of M. cyprinoides from Tanjung Palas, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research was a quantitative survey and analyzed using descriptive narrative methods. It was conducted from July to September 2025, with samples obtained from fishermen\u27s catches at the Tanjung Palas fish landing site. The results showed that the total length of the fish ranged from 19.4-48.9 cm (35.12 ± 5.130 cm) with the highest frequency in the 36–38 cm size class (10.75%). The length-weight relationship showed a negative allometric growth pattern (b = 2.6827) with a strong correlation (r = 0.9780), which indicates that weight gain is slower than length gain. Condition factor values ranged from 0.6516- 1.5618 (1.0860 ± 0.1621), reflecting variations in physiological status and the influence of the habitat environment. Stomach content analysis showed that shrimp, decapods, and aquatic insects dominated the main diet, while fish were only a supplementary component. The results of this study provide important information as a scientific basis for analyzing the population dynamics of this species in estuarine waters, and can support sustainable management and conservation efforts
In vitro Study of Antibacterial Potential of Moringa oleifera Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Bacteria Isolated from Clarias gariepinus
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibacterial potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on bacteria organisms isolated from at 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml concentration. The antibacterial potential of ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera were determined against bacteria isolated from the body of Clarias gariepinus. The leaf of Moringa oleifera was extracted with 99.9% ethanol and distilled deionized water and reconstituted at 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml concentrations. The phytochemical analysis carried out on the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera reveals the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, oxalates and phytate. The micro-organisms isolated include; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Antibacterial testing was by agar well diffusion method. The highest zone of inhibition mm achieved with ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera at concentration of 200 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus while the lowest zone of inhibition was mm at 50mg/ml concentration. The highest and lowest zone of inhibition and mm at concentrations of 200 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml was achieved with ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera against Escherichia coli, the highest and lowest zone of inhibition was and mm at concentrations of 200 mg/ml and 100mg/ml, respectively. There was no susceptibility to the organisms at concentration 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml for Salmonella spp with Moringa oleifera leaf extract. The most susceptible organism was Staphylococcus aureus and the least susceptible was Salmonella spp. The presence of the phytochemicals in Moringa oleifera supports the use of this leaf extract as an antibacterial agent at higher concentration which might justify its ethno-medicinal use
Density of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) and Its Impact on Growth and Lead Accumulation in Polyculture Systems in Tropical Waters
No full textAims: Green mussels (Perna viridis) are filter-feeding organisms known for accumulating heavy metals, including lead (Pb), in their tissues, making them valuable bioindicators of water quality.
Study Design: This study aimed to assess the impact of different stocking densities on the growth and lead accumulation in Perna viridis.
Place and Duration of study: This study was conducted at a traditional pond in Ujungpangkah Subdistrict, Gresik, East Java, over a period of 21 days, from June 27 to July 18, 2024.
Methodology: A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with three treatment groups: Treatment A (10 mussels/m²), Treatment B (20 mussels/m²), and Treatment C (30 mussels/m²). The parameters measured included the absolute flesh width, daily growth rate, and lead content in the mussels.
Result: Statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences in the daily growth rate among the treatments (p > 0.05), suggesting that stocking density did not significantly influence growth. However, significant differences in the absolute flesh width were observed, with Treatment C showing the largest absolute flesh width at higher density. Additionally, lead accumulation increased with stocking density, with mussels in Treatment C accumulating the highest levels of lead (1.14 mg/L). This suggests that, while the growth rate was unaffected by density, the absolute flesh width are influenced by stocking density. The bioaccumulation of lead in mussels was also interpreted descriptively, considering the mussels\u27 need for a suitable environment to mitigate environmental stressors. The findings underline the importance of considering both the growth and environmental health of the mussels, especially in relation to density management to prevent heavy metal accumulation
Impact of Oceanographic Variability on Chlorophyll-a Concentration and Sea Surface Temperature in North Maluku Waters and its Influence on Fish Abundance
No full textThe waters of North Maluku are rich in fisheries resources, which are important for the local economy and marine biodiversity. The variability of oceanographic conditions, such as chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, plays a significant role in determining fish abundance in this region. This study analyzes the seasonal variations of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature during 2021, as well as their impact on the productivity of the waters. Satellite imagery data of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature were analyzed using spatial interpolation. The results show seasonal fluctuations in chlorophyll-a concentration and sea surface temperature, where higher chlorophyll-a concentrations support primary productivity and fish abundance during mid-year. The highest chlorophyll-a concentration occurred in June (0.212 mg/m³) and the lowest in February (0.103 mg/m³). The negative phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) reduces upwelling intensity, decreases nutrient availability, and impacts the decline in primary productivity. The highest sea surface temperature was recorded in November (30.99°C) and the lowest in August (29.87°C). These oceanographic variations affect the availability of phytoplankton, which is crucial in the marine food chain, and have implications for sustainable fisheries management in North Maluku. The results of this study can also serve as a reference for fish distribution or abundance modeling, such as with the maximum entropy method, to better understand the factors influencing fish distribution patterns in the region
Cost Benefits and Growth Promoting Ability of Dietary Bambara Nut (Vigna subterranean) Powder on the Rearing of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
No full textThe efficacy of dietary Bambara nut (Vigna subterranean) in the growth performance and cost benefit of Clarias gariepinus culture was evaluated. To this end 35% CP feed was formulated using locally available ingredients. Five different diets were prepared from the 35% CP feed, replacing Soybean with Bambara nuts at different percentage as follows: T1 (0% BN: 100 SB), T2 (25% BN: 75% SB) T3 (50% BN: 50% SB), T4 (75% BN: 25% SB) and T5 (100% BN: 0% SB), and organoleptic assessment was conducted on the diets to determine texture, aroma and color, while chemical assessment was conducted to determine the nutritional qualities of the diets. One hundred and fifty (150) sub-adult Clarias gariepinus were distributed into five (5) groups in triplicates of ten (10) using fifteen aquaria, and were fed T1 – T5 respectively for eight (8) weeks. Length and weight of fish were evaluated fortnightly to determine: weight gain, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, performance index and condition factor. And the cost of feed and fish were determined to evaluate the cost benefits of the various diets. At the end of the feeding trials, data were collected and analyzed using ANOVA followed by a Turkey multi-comparison test with SPSS 170 package software and the following results were obtained: (1) the experimental diets T1-T5 had no effects on the physico-chemical properties of the experimental waters (2) the aroma of the experimental diets were less fishy, their texture ranges from fibrous to less fibrous and the color from dark brown to light brown as the quantity of the Bambara nut in the diets increases (T1-T5). (3) The % lipid, % proteins and % fibre decreased as the quantity of Bambara nut increased in the experimental diets (T1-T5). (4) All the growth parameters and performance index increased significantly (P<0.05) as the quantity of Bambara nuts increased in the various diets (T1-T5):- Weight gain (WG): T1 (54.61+2.11), T2 (70.96+8.47), T3 (67.82+0.63), T4 (70.90+5.90) and T5 (77.35+3.81), Percentage weight gain (PWG): T1 (30.76+0.77), T2 (40.66+1.46), T3 (35.64+1.64), T4 (37.46+1.13) and T5 (44.84+10.30); Condition factor (CF): T1 (0.55+0.13), T2 (0.62+1.02), T3 (0.70+0.41), T4 (0.64+11.4) and T5 (0.64+4.30); Specific growth rate (SGR): T1 (0.34+0.02), T2 (0.43+0.05), T3 (0.42+0.01), T4 (0.43+0.02) and T5 (0.49+0.02); Performance index (PI): T1 (158.99+2.76), T2 (208.99+25.84), T3 (210.98+2.28), T4 (203.85+11.87) and T5 (213.13+4.30). The fish fed the Bambara nut diets (T2-T5) had enhanced net profit, profit index and benefit cost ratio, but lower economic weight gain. Bambara nut is unarguably a better feed ingredient than Soybean in the culture of Clarias gariepinus
Effect of Substitution of Fish Meal by Cricket Meal (Acheta domesticus) on the Growth of Fry of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
No full textAims: This study evaluates cricket meal (Acheta domesticus) as an alternative to fishmeal in feeding tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus) to valorize of alternative protein sources in aquaculture feeding in Benin.
Study Design: A randomized block experimental design.
Place and Duration of Study: Agro-fish farm "ASSIKY", Department of Ouémé, commune of Akpro-Missérété, district of Vakon, village Ahohouèssa, between June 2018 and August 2018.
Methodology: A control diet (R0) based on fishmeal and a diet (R100) containing 100% cricket meal. Four fine mesh happa (2 m x 1 m) were installed in a 500 m² pond. Each tank was stocked with 20 tilapia fry with an initial average weight of 10.41 +/- 0.5 g. The test was repeated thrice, and the two treatments were randomly assigned to the tanks. The fry were fed twice daily at 10 A.M. and 5 P.M., with a feeding rate of 6% of the total biomass. Parameters measured included survival rate, average daily gain, Consumption Index, and specific growth rate.
Results: The results showed that fry-fed R100 achieved significantly better performance (P < 0.05) than those fed R0. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) of fry varied from 0.09 +/- 0.01 g/d to 0.17 +/- 0.03 g/d. The specific growth rate (TCS) was 1.30 +/- 0.15 in R100 and 0.75 +/- 0.08 in R0. Consumption Index was lower for R100 (3.85 +/- 0.99) compared to R0 (6.91 +/- 0.86). Survival rate was 100% in both groups.
Conclusion: These results highlight the potential use of insects as an alternative protein source to fishmeal in aquaculture diets, and it is recommended that these results be validated under a variety of rearing conditions and over extended periods to ensure their robustness
Water Quality Assessment of Hashidu Reservoir Along River Gongola, Gombe State Nigeria
No full textAims: This study aim to assess the water quality in relation to fisheries of Hashidu reservoir.
Study Design: Water samples for the physicochemical analysis were collected from Hashidu reservoir monthly over a period of six months cutting across both dry and rainy seasons.
Methodology: Water samples were collected from three locations using 250 ml sampling bottles and was taken to the laboratory for analysis. physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standard water sampling protocols. The water pH and temperature were determined using WTW pH and temperature electrodes. He turbidity meter was calibrated using potassium chloride solution. the turbidity was determined using turbidity meter by pressing the mode button until the arrow appeared as c0n in the displayer. Electrical conductivity was measured using the same Hanna measuring instrument (combo /EC model h198129). Dissolved oxygen was measured with Jenway model 1970 waterproof D.O meter at all the sites. Biochemical oxygen demand (bod) was determined as the difference in dissolved oxygen (do) before and after incubation of the water sample at 20 oc for 5 days.
Results: The mean values for physicochemical parameters recorded during dry and rainy seasons are pH (7.42, 6.77), electrical conductivity (353.50 µS/CM, 545.30 µS/CM), DISSOLVED oxygen (6.77 MG/L, 6.00 MG/L), turbidity (3.94 CM, 3.48 CM), temperature (32OC 29.3OC), BOD (3.69 MG/L, 6.00 MG/L) and COD (6.22 MG/L, 6.00 MG/L) respectively. While the mean values the major anions are nitrate (44.00 MG/L, 50 MG/L), phosphate (11.38 MG/L, 17.70 MG/L), sulphate (15.00 MG/L, 25.50 MG/L), chloride (37.23 MG/L, 240.69 MG/L), fluoride (0.028 MG/L, 0.059 MG/L).
Conclusion: Most of the parameters were within the limits set by who except pH, temperature and phosphate. there is need for continuous monitoring of water quality parameters for sustainable management of natural resources
On the Population Dynamics of Labeo senegalensis (Valenciennes, 1842) in Upper Atbara and Settit Dam Complex, Eastern Sudan
No full textIn the present study, 500 specimens of Labeo senegalensis were collected from artisanal fishing boats during the period from September 2019 to January 2020. The total length of the collected specimens ranged from 21.2 to 47.5 cm with a mean of 27.7 ± 10.91 cm. The maximum length was 45.0 cm, while the maximum predicted length at the 95% confidence limit was 46.18 cm. The length-weight relationship was highly correlated (r = 0.947), with a b-value of 2.847, indicating negative allometric growth. Growth parameters estimated from the von Bertalanffy growth model were: L∞ = 47. 5 cm, K = 0.86 yr⁻¹, and theoretical age at zero length “t0” was -0.786 yr⁻¹. The relative longevity (Tmax), was 2.7 years; and the growth performance index at 3.28. The total, natural, and fishing mortality rates were estimated as 2.29 yr⁻¹, 1.38 yr⁻¹, and 0.91 yr⁻¹, respectively, which gives an annual exploitation rate of 0.4 yr⁻¹. The exploitation levels at 10%, 50%, and maximum sustainable exploitation (Emax) were calculated as 0.355, 0.278, and 0.421, respectively. The capture lengths at 25%, 50%, and 75% were estimated as 16.56 cm, 20.39 cm, and 24.14 cm, respectively. Maximum, limit, and optimum fishing levels of fishing (Fmax, Flimit, and Fopt) were found to be 0.81, 0.92, and 0.55, respectively. The asymptotic length of L. senegalensis population “L∞ “in this study was calculated at 30 cm, while the growth coefficient “K” was found to be 1.5 yr⁻¹. The length of catch at 50% and 75% was estimated at 9.5 and 12 cm, respectively. This investigation was important for monitoring and managing fisheries resources to enhance sustainability and conservation efforts of the stocks of L senegalensis, one of the most important commercial fish species in the Upper Atbara and Settit Dam Complex
Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermatiaillucen L.) Larvae Meal with Citrus Peels on Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of African Catfish
No full textThe effects of completely substituting Black Soldier Fly (Hermatiaillucen L.) for fishmeal and adding orange, tangerine, or tangelo peel as phyto-additives on the development, nutrient consumption, and hematology of African Catfish juvenile (Clariasgariepinus) were investigated in 70-days experiment. Seven diets containing 40% crude protein using fishmeal (25% contributed protein) in the control diet fishmeal was replaced equi-protein in the six other diets from Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. Three of the six diets were supplemented with either 1 or 2% of either sweet orange, tangerine, or tangelo peel (ORG1, TGR1 TGL1, ORG2, TGR2, and TGL2, respectively). 315 juveniles were distributed into 21 plastic bowls each containing 15 (8.48 to 8.57g/fish) of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish-fed TGR2 produced the lowest values but the highest FCR, while fish-fed the control diet responded best in the following growth indices: FMW, MWG, PWG, SGR, FCR, FER, PER, and Survival (97.77%). The FMW, MWG, PWG, and SGR values of fish fed the control and the other diets differed significantly (p < 0.05). The physicochemical parameters for Clarias gariepinus were all within the optimal range. Although rich in protein, BSF may not be an ideal independent protein source. However, citrus peels, especially orange peels, when incorporated into the diet, could serve as an effective additive for promoting sustainable aquaculture feeds, provided it is paired with a more complete protein source to ensure adequate nutritional intake