Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research
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Improving the Leaf Nutrient and Mineral Elements of Constituents (Moringa oleifera L.) by Application of Certain Biostimulants and Biofertilizer
No full textIncreasing the need for food as a result of global population growth negatively impacted the ecology and soil. As a result of an increase in the demand for industrial chemical fertilizers and inefficient crop management. In this research, the effect of some biofertilizers, amino acids, and seaweed extracts on the chemical composition of the leaves of moringa plant was evaluated. The results showed that bio-fertilization with Phosphorein biofertilizer associated with amino acids and seaweed extracts at 700 mg/L (T25) was the most effective treatment for improving and maximizing the leaf nitrogen content. Also, Herein, T26 (soil bio-fertilized with cerealine plus bio-fertilizer with amino acid and seaweed extracts as foliar spray each at 700 mg/L) was the most effective treatment in improving the leaf contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, vitamin C, total carbohydrates which produced a better response than using each treatment separately
Assessing the Production Potentials of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using Two Seed Systems (Formal and Informal) in the Buea Municipality, Cameroon
No full textTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most extensively cultivated fruity vegetable in Cameroon, as its production has the potential to improve food security, as well as income stability for small-scale subsistence farming communities. Most studies on Tomato seed have focused on its response to environmental variations but there exist inadequate information on a comparative study of the use of formal and informal seed systems. This study was thus aimed at assessing the production potentials of two tomato seed systems (T1: Informal seeds, T2: Formal non-hybrid seeds and T3: formal hybrid seeds). Randomized Complete Block Design was used, with three treatments replicated thrice. A sample size of 20 plants were randomly selected from each experimental unit for data collection. T3 had the highest % germination (93%), while T2 had the least (72%). 4WAP, T3 had the tallest plants (69.53 ± 3.07 cm) and T2 had the shortest (50.03 ± 4.31cm), while T1 had the highest girth (8.40±0.75cm) and produced the most leaves (35.93± 6.14). T1 produced the most flowers (73.83 flowers) while T2 and T3 produced 19.83 and 62.93 flowers respectively with T1 producing the most fruits 27.6 as opposed to 4.23 fruits for T3 and 24.43 fruits for T2. T2 had a fruit weight 0.09 ± 0.14 Kg when compared to T1 (6.35 ± 5.67 Kg) and T2 (6.04 ± 4.29) with T1 having the highest fruit diameter (34.97 ± 3.54mm) and highest yield per ha (18.16 ± 16.20 ton/ha). In this studies we conclude that the informal seed system performed better germination percentage, growth and yield component than the formal seed system of tomato
Molecular Genetic Diversity of Manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Using Simple Sequence Repeated Markers (SSR) in the Kara Region of Togo
No full textCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a plant of the future, is one of the main crops with high genetic potential. Therefore, the knowledge of its genetic variability would be of great importance for its effective use in genetic improvement programs. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity of cassava cultivars present in the Kara region of Togo. Thus, a total of 91 cassava leaf samples collected in the 7 prefectures of the Kara region were analyzed using 7 pairs of SSR microsatellite primers. Fifty-three alleles were detected with an average of 7.57 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.63 to 0.83 with an average of 0.74, indicating a high level of marker polymorphism. Molecular analysis of variance revealed that the majority of variability occurred within individuals and accounted for 99 % of the total variation between individuals. Weak genetic differentiation (Fst=0.011) was also observed between populations. The genetic structuring model based on the Neighbour-Joining algorithm method divided the individuals into 6 groups independently of local names. These results indicate the presence of high genetic resource variability in the studied populations. Therefore, it would be important to implement management strategies to better conserve cassava genetic resources and to facilitate the identification of successful cultivars
In vivo Studies on the Effect of Warburgia ugandensis Crude Extracts Against Bacterial wilt in Tomato
No full textTomato plants are susceptible to Ralstonia solanacearum, a pathogen responsible for bacterial wilt, a severe soil-borne disease with no available cure. Warburgia ugandensis crude extract has shown biocontrol capabilities against pathogenic fungi and bacteria in animals, but data on its effectiveness in plants is limited. The current study was done to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of W. ugandensis crude extracts against R. solanacearum in tomato plants. W. ugandensis leaf and stem bark crude extracts were obtained using ethanol, methanol, hexane, and dichloromethane. The obtained crude extracts were tested against R. solanacearum in tomato at the greenhouse in triplicate. The data collected on bacterial wilt incidence, severity, stem diameter, height, and the number of branches and fruits set were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level. Tukey’s test was employed to determine significant differences between means at the same significance level. Tomato plants established in soil inoculated with R. solanacearum and treated with dichloromethane crude extract of W. ugandensis stem bark showed no sign of bacterial wilt disease and were comparable to the positive control. Tomato plants established in soil inoculated with R. solanacearum but treated with W. ugandensis leaf ethanol crude extract had the highest average height of 62.50 cm which was similar to positive control. Tomato plants grown in R. solanacearum-inoculated soils and treated with methanol crude extracts from W. ugandensis stem bark produced a significantly higher average number of fruits, 22.00, compared to those treated with crude extracts from other solvents. The study proposed that W. ugandensis crude extract has the ability to be used as antibacterial biocontrol against R. solanacearum. Further research is important to determine the bioactive compounds against R. solanacearum
Isolation and Inoculation Effect of Trichoderma reesei on Growth and Yield of Barley
No full textIn today’s world, usage of chemical fertilizers has become necessity for betterment of crop yield; however they have negative impact on the environment, quality of soil and human health. Therefore, involvement of substitute for chemical fertilizers is an essential requirement of present time. Plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) serves as a best alternative in place of chemicals to enhance plant growth, crop productivity and improve nutrients availability for plants. They also show an involvement in ceasing growth of plant pathogens, hence acting as a bio control agent. The aim of our study is to screen and examine plant growth promoting fungi effect on barley crop. A total seven fungal strains were isolated from wheat rhizosphere. The isolated fungal strains were screened for their In vitro plant growth promotional traits. Among total, one isolate 14F found positive for five different plant growth promoting traits. This isolate was further identified at molecular level by amplification and sequencing of ITS gene region and was identified as Trichoderma reesei. Trichoderma reesei was inoculated with barley seeds and its effects were analyzed. Significant increase was observed in terms of plant height (root length and shoot length), plant weight (Dry and wet weight) as compared to un-inoculated plants. This Trichoderma strain could become a fantastic bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture
Turmeric Cultivation and Medicinal Benefits: Special Reference to Kandhamal District of Odisha, India
No full textThis study delves into the production methods and therapeutic properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a perennial herbaceous plant widely known for its culinary and medical uses. It covers various aspects including cultivation techniques, bioactive substances responsible for its healing properties and health benefits associated with its consumption. The cultivation section emphasizes optimal agro-climatic conditions, soil preparation, planting techniques, and post-harvest procedures essential for successful turmeric farming. The study also explores the medicinal properties of turmeric, focusing on bioactive compounds like curcumin, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Additionally, it highlights turmeric's potential in treating inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular illnesses, and neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The study also delves into organic and sustainable farming practices to address challenges faced by turmeric producers, emphasizing fair-trade practices and biodiversity preservation for long-term sustainability
Effects of Land Preparation Method and Organic Soil Amendment on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays)
No full textMaize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop popular in Kenya and its production has a direct influence to nutrition and economic security. The high demand for this food crop has resulted to innovation of new farming practices to increase its production. Therefore, this experiment was set up at Meru University Demonstration Farm in randomized complete block (RCBD) split plot design during June - October 2022 (S1) and November - March 2023 (S2). Two land preparation methods were used conservational and conventional (CA and CT). The organic amendments were 2.5 t ha-1 BSF, 5.5 t ha-1 BSF, 8.5 t ha-1 BSF, 2.5 t ha-1 BSF + Biochar, 5.5 t ha-1 BSF + Biochar, 2.5 t ha-1 BSF + Trichoderma 125 g ha-1, 5.5 t ha-1 BSF + Trichoderma 125 g ha-1, 5 t ha-1 FYM, 100 kg N ha-1 DAP and control. Data collected was on soil bulk density, soil moisture, vegetative growth and yields. There was significance (p<0.05) difference between the two land preparation method on soil moisture retention. Organic amendments influenced the soil moisture retention and soil bulk density reduction significantly (p<0.05). Plots with 8.5 t ha-1 BSF and 100 kg N ha-1 DAP increased the vegetative growth by 37%, application of Trichoderma increased the vegetative growth by 7%. CA increased the vegetative growth by 6% and 4% as compared to CT. 8.5 t ha-1 BSF increased the vegetative growth by 21% and 19%. CA increased the yields by 6% in S1 and 14% in S2 compared to CT. Trichoderma increased the yields of maize by 12% and 11%. Increase in maize yield and vegetative growth is due to increased soil moisture condition in CA. Addition of BSF manure and biochar improved the soil moisture retention, reduced soil bulk density and improvement in soil nutrient content which led to an increase in growth and yield
Comparative Evaluation of Growth and Yield Parameters of Different Okra Varieties in Lamjung, Nepal
No full textAims: This research aimed to evaluate the performance of different okra varieties in Lamjung district, Nepal, to identify high-yielding cultivars suitable for local cultivation.
Study Design: The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven okra varieties (treatments) and three replications per treatment, totaling 21 plots.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Beshishar, Lamjung District, Nepal. Data collection and experimentation were carried out over the growing season of okra.
Methodology: Growth and yield parameters including plant height, number of leaves and primary branches per plant, days to first flowering, number of nodes at first flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod weight, yield per plant, and yield per hectare were measured and recorded from selected plants within each plot. Statistical analysis was done to compare the performance of different varieties.
Results: Significant variations were observed across the varieties, with F1 Glory and Arka Anamika outperforming others. F1 Glory showed the highest plant height at 106.4 cm and the maximum yield at 9.02 t/ha, followed closely by Arka Anamika with a plant height of 88 cm and a yield of 8.45 t/ha. In contrast, Parvati recorded the lowest plant height at 63.33 cm and yield at 6.08 t/ha. Additionally, F1 Glory had the highest number of leaves (26.60 per plant), primary branches (3.15 per plant), and the longest pod length (14.94 cm), further contributing to its superior yield. The variety also achieved the highest pod weight, averaging 15.85 g per pod, which was significantly higher than S-51's 11.19 g per pod. Arka Anamika, while slightly behind F1 Glory, still showed robust performance with a pod length of 13.94 cm, an average pod weight of 14.49 g, and a similar number of leaves (22.80 per plant). Parvati, on the other hand, consistently underperformed in all agronomic traits, with a pod length of 10.45 cm, a lower number of primary branches (1.74 per plant), and the smallest number of leaves (13.60 per plant).
Conclusion: The findings indicate that varieties viz., F1 Glory and Arka Anamika excelled in yield and growth parameters in Lamjung district. These varieties could enhance local productivity by addressing current challenges in okra cultivation. This study gives valuable insights for selecting suitable okra varieties and enhancing agricultural sustainability and economic outcomes
Opportunities and Constraints of Promoting Coffee Plantation in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia
No full textIn Ethiopia, coffee is a significant crop, but in the Tigray region, particularly southern Tigray, it receives less emphasis despite its national importance. This study investigates the status of coffee production in southern Tigray, Ethiopia, using a multistage sampling technique to gather data from 113 respondents during 2015. The goal is to identify opportunities and constraints in coffee production in the region. Data were collected using individual interviews and Focus Group Discussions, and analyzed using SPSS software and a ranking index. The study found that favorable agro ecology, fertile soils, accessibility to water, and existence of tolerant coffee varieties are the opportunities in southern Tigray, Ethiopia. However, constraints include irrigation competition, lack of training, limited input use, and shifting to khat (Catha edulis) cultivation. Additionally, most farmers do not practice pruning and rejuvenation due to lack of technical knowledge. This result in the coffee plants stand; more erect, less branched and unmanageably tall which rendering difficult to harvest berries. Hence, the study suggested that an integrated coffee production intervention is important to boost coffee production and local policy instrument is prerequisite that restrict the shifting of coffee to khat production in the study districts
Analysis of Farmers' Household Food Security in the PT Jembayan Muara Bara Tenggarong Seberang District, Indonesia
No full textIndonesia is an archipelagic and agricultural country, where there are many islands and the majority of the population makes their living as farmers. The food security condition of farming households is currently still fragile, at least the number of food-insecure people is relatively high. The research aims to determine the food security conditions of farming households around PT Jembayan Muara Bara, Tenggarong Seberang District. The research was carried out in 5 villages (Separi Mahakam, Mulawarman, Buana Jaya, Suka Maju, and Bukit Pariaman) which are close to the PT Jembayan Muarabara coal mine location from July 2023 to March 2024. The stages of research activities are as follows: research preparation, observation, sampling, data collection and analysis, and reporting. Sampling (respondents) used Non Proportional Random Sampling and the number of samples taken was 100 respondents based on the Slovin formula method. The data collected consisted of primary data obtained through direct interviews with respondents using questionnaires; and secondary data obtained from documents, reports, official records from the Village office, and relevant journals. The results of the research show that the level of food security conditions of farming households around PT Jembayan Muara Bara is 32% food secure. 50% lack food, 7% are food insecure and 11% are food insecure; There is no relationship between income diversification and food security of farming households around PT Jembayan Muara Bara, Tenggarong Seberang District with an Asymp-sig (2-Sided) value of 0.090