Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research
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Influence of Pre-Harvest Bagging on Fruit Quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra
No full textFruits are susceptible to insect pest infestations, bird attack, various pathogens, and mechanical damages, all of which can reduce their commercial value and thereby cause significant yield and economic losses. The objective of this study was to control mango pests and diseases as well as to improve the fruit quality of mango through bagging technology. An investigation was performed during the year 2016 from March to July for safe mango production by applying minimum use of pesticide entitled studies on influence of bagging on physico-chemical properties and shelf life of mango cv. Langra. The mango fruits were bagged at marble stage (40 days from fruit set) with different types of bags which constituted the various treatments viz: T1: Brown paper bag; T2: White paper bag; T3: Polythene bag T4: Muslin cloth bag; T5: No bagging (control). Bagging with brown paper bag and white paper bag improved fruit retention, weight of fruit, diameter of fruit, pulp weight, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, percent of citric acid, reducing sugars and β-carotene at harvest and ripe stage over control. Brown paper bag changed fruit color. In all cases good quality, cleaner, disease and insect free fruits were harvested. The sensory qualities in fruits of brown, white and muslin cloth bags were improved over control. Pre-harvest bagging also reduced occurrence of spongy tissue and the incidence of mealy bugs. These results indicate that fruit bagging can improve fruit quality through reduction in disease and insect-pest attack and shelf life of mango cv. Langra
Phytotoxicity of Cypermethrin Pesticide on Seed Germination, Growth and Yield Parameters of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
No full textThe experiment was carried out at Federal College of Forestry Jos, in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State to determine the phytotoxicity of cypermethrin pesticide on seed germination, growth and yield parameters of cowpea. Cypermethrin is popularly used by farmers as a means of treating seeds before planting to prevent insect, pest and birds attack. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving 5 treatments T0 as control (No cypermethrin used), T1 with 0.25% cypermethrin (0.25ml of cypermethrin in 99.75ml of water), T2 with 0.50% cypermethrin (0.50ml of cypermethrin in 99.50ml of water), T3 with 0.75% cypermethrin (0.75ml of cypermethrin in 99.25ml of water) and T4 contained 1.00% cypermethrin (1.0ml of cypermethrin in 99.00ml water). Data was collected on radicle length, plumule length, number of leaves, number of branches, stem girth, number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, pod length and dry matter. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance using SPSS 23 and where significance was declared, Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means. The result of the research indicates that significance difference occurs in the radicle length (P<0.05) in which T1 has the highest mean value. The stem girth shows a significance difference with T0 having the highest mean value (7.32) at P<0.05. The result for the number of branches and the number of leaves shows significance difference with T0 having the highest mean values 39.15 and 101.65 respectively at P<0.05 level of significance. The yield parameters shows a significance difference for number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, pod length, as well as the total dry matter. The highest mean values for the yield parameters are observed in T0 with mean values 18.52, 18.53, 16.35 and 68.35 for number of seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, pod length and total dry mass respectively. Alpha amylase enzyme activity was observed to be higher at lower concentration of the cypermethrin (T1) on day 2 (2.75) but the increase in the enzyme activity tilted towards the highest concentration (T4) on day 3 and day 4 with mean value 2.70 and 3.10 at 5% level of significance
Possible Planting Areas for Golden Camellia - Camellia impressinervis in Vietnam
No full textCamellia impressinervis is known as a golden camellia, naturally distributing in China and Vietnam. Leaves and flowers of golden camellias contain active ingredients such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, saponins, and flavonoids. It was found to be able to inhibit the transplanted cancer, lower blood lipid, lower cholesterol, and prevent atherosclerosis. Market price of dry flowers of golden camellias in Vietnam is high, up to 700 US$/kg. This work was to identify suitable planting areas for C. impressinervis in Vietnam. Natural conditions, where C. impressinervis naturally distributes, were used for mapping, including elevation above sea level, annual precipitation, and annual air temperature. Each condition was classified to four levels as “very suitable”, “suitable”, “less suitable”, and “not suitable” for planting. Three corresponding digital maps were used for mapping. The results indicated that 72,781 ha accounting for 32.3% total land area of the study site was classified as “very suitable” for planting C. impressinervis. The “suitable” areas accounted for 34.2% and the not suitable areas accounted for 33.5% total land area. There was no area belonging to “less suitable”. It is recommended that C. impressinervis should be planted in “very suitable” areas and may be extended some to “suitable” areas. However, it should be widely planted only after carefully studying on cultivar selection, seedling production, and planting and tending techniques with consultation by local authorities
Evaluation of Some Morphological and Flowering Traits in New Six Olive Genotypes Grown under Egypt Conditions
No full textThe present investigation was conducted during two growing seasons (2016 and 2017) to evaluate six genotypes of olive trees. The experimental olive trees were propagated by leafy cutting under mist propagation system. The leafy cuttings were already taken from seedy propagated olive trees which have already been planted since 1994 at the farm of Horticulture Research Institute, Giza Governorate, Egypt and were produced from breeding program of Horticulture Research Institute. i.e., Genotype 25 derived from Aggizi cv. open, Genotype 61 derived from ♀ Hamed cv. x Picual cv. ♂, Genotype 97, 91 derived from Manzanillo cv. open, Genotype 66 derived from ♀ Toffahi cv. x Arbiquna cv. ♂ and Genotype 138 derived from ♀ Arbiquna cv. x Hamed cv. ♂. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate some morphological and flowering of the six olive genotypes grown in olive collection farm located at Cairo-Alexandria desert Road (about 64- kilometer distance from Cairo). To determine the most promising genotypes for local conditions. Herein, the greatest values of morphological traits were significantly coupled with genotype (91) during both seasons of study. Moreover, genotype (97) ranked statistically second. Moreover, the start of flowering in six olive genotypes occurred during the period from March 13th to April 3rd in the first season and from April 1st to April 10th in the second season. Referring to blooming dates and blooming periods results obtained that dates of full bloom were earliest in the first season than that at the second season. Furthermore, olive genotype (138) was statistically the superior and resulted significantly the highest perfect flowers % during both seasons of study
Comparative Effect of Biological Fixation of Nitrogen and Chemical Fertilizer on Yield Optimization of Two Sorghum Varieties in the Western Highlands
No full textSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is a staple food in Africa, South Asia and Central America. In Cameroon, it is the main food of the population of the Sudano-Sahelian zone. Its production could decline by up to 20% by the middle of the century, due to climatic disturbances. This climatic disturbance in Cameroon has led to several consequences among which, low crop yields. The comparative effect of the biological fixation of nitrogen and chemical fertilizer on the optimization of yield of two varieties of Sorghum, was conducted from July to October at IRAD (Institute of Agricultural Research for Development) station of Foumbot. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with two factors: varieties of sorghum (V1: S35 and V2: BIOGLOR) and treatments (T0: Control, T1: 20-10-10 and T2: Sorghum / NITU beans). The collar diameter, the number of leaves and plant height were evaluated each week and yield in the end of the cropping season. As a result, treatment T1 induced very significantly (P ˂ .01) growth (shoot length, leaf and collar diameter). T1 (V1: 1.30 ± 0.11 t.ha-1, V2: 2.01 ± 0.07 t.ha-1) and T2 (V1: 1.12 ± 0.02 t.ha-1, V2: 2.15 ± 0.03 t.ha-1) showed statistically equal yields, and significantly different from T0 (V1: 0.50 ± 0.06 t.ha-1, V2: 0.55 ± 0.05 t.ha-1). The BIOGLOR variety had the highest yield (1.57 ± 0.57 t.ha-1) compared to the S35 variety (0.97 ± 0.19 t.ha-1). The treatment T2 is the recommended fertilizer system because of the higher grain yield of sorghum and its ability to protect the environment
Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Filter Mud on Tomato Vegetative Growth Yield and Yield Components
No full textAim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen and filter mud cake applications on vegetative growth and yield on tomato cultivar "Castle Rock".
Place and Duration of Study: Field experiments were conducted during two successive winter seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at the experimental farm, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Bakht Alruda, Ed Duiem, Sudan.
Methodology: Treatments included three Nitrogen levels (0, 43 and 86 kg N/ ha) and three filter mud levels (0, 2 and 4 ton/ ha). Urea (46%N) was used as source of nitrogen and applied after fifteen days from sowing. Filter mud cake was applied one month before sowing. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Results: Results showed significant differences among N treatments in tomato vegetative growth, yield and yield components in the two seasons. The 86 kg N/ ha showed the highest vegetative growth yield and yield components compared to control. The filter mud application at both rates showed significant increase in the most vegetative growth parameters, yield and yield components compared to the control in the two seasons. The combination of N and filter mud resulted in significant increase in vegetative growth and yield components, the highest values were obtained by application of 86 kg/ha combined with 4 ton filter mud /ha.
Conclusion: Considering the present study it can be concluded that the application of 86 kg/ha combined with 4 ton filter mud /ha is the best level in terms of maximum vegetative growth, yield and yield components of Castle Rock tomato cultivar
Morphology and Yield Potentials of Lablab Bean Genotypes Grown in Early Kharif Season
No full textAn experiment was conducted during March 2014 to August 2014 at the experimental field of Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU), Sylhet to study the morphological variability, yield and yield contributing characteristics among the four lablab bean genotypes viz., SB003, SB010-1, SB011 and BP003. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The genotypes SB003 and SB010-1 had reddish brown seed coat color while it was black in SB011 and reddish color in the genotype BP003. Among the genotypes 100 dry seed weight was ranged from 34.00 g (SB010-1) to 42.00 g (SB011). Variation in yield and yield contributing characteristics were found among four lablab bean genotypes. The genotype SB003 produced the maximum number of pods plant-1 (206.3) followed by SB010-1 (134.3) while it was minimum for the genotype SB011 (92.67). Similar trend was also noticed in case of pod yield plant-1 among the genotypes. The highest pod yield was recorded in the genotype SB010 (7.73 ton ha-1) while it was the lowest in SB011 (2.87 ton ha-1). However, pod yield ha-1 indicating bright scope to popularize lablab bean production during early kharif in Sylhet region
Metabolic Profiling of Healthy and Pest Infested Solanum melongena L. Using a Gas Chromatography-mass Spectroscopy Technique
No full textA comparative metabolic profiling of healthy and pest infested Solanum melongena (egg plant) have been carried out. The egg plant was infested by Helicoverpa armigera. Total thirty non polar metabolites were detected from the leaf and stems extract, by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique, which includes large variety of compounds like phytosterols, diterpene, alkane hydrocabon, n-alkanoic acid and terpene etc. Significant variation on metabolites has been detected in both leaf and stem extract. Metabolites such as benzoic acid (9.13±0.71%), pentadecane (2.83±0.13%), hexadecane (1.68±0.09%), squalene (1.28±0.08%), triterpene (3.97±0.14%), linoleic acid (1.32±0.06%), linolenic acid (2.46±0.14%), stearic acid (4.69±0.38%), dodecanoic acid (0.83±0.10%), myristic acid (1.25±0.05%), palmitic acid (1.32±0.06%), linoleic acid (3.33± 0.13%), linolenic acid (2.06±0.14%), stearic acid (4.83±0.14%), lactic acid (0.50±0.09%), tetradecene (0.93±0.07%), hexadecane (1.30±0.06%), octadecane (1.19±0.05%), cholesterol (0.48 ±0.05%), stigmasterol (0.57±0.06%), (octadecene 6.90±1.58%) and tetradecane (0.84±0.10%) were detected. Alteration in amount of above major metabolites was observed under biotic stress condition. It concludes that, these metabolites might have played an important role in pest infested stress tolerance. This study will be helpful for the better understanding of overall biotic stress tolerance mechanism
Resource-use Efficiency in Watermelon Production in the Patuakhali District, Bangladesh
No full textThis study was conducted in the Patuakhali District of Bangladesh during the production period 2015-2016 to determine the efficiency of resource use in watermelon production. A total of 180 farmers were selected from the study area through multistage stratified random sampling technique and face to face interview was conducted to collect primary data. To estimate the coefficients of the various variables the Cobb-Douglass production function was used and, MVP index was also used to evaluate the efficiency of resource use in the study area. From the regression results, land, seed, labour and pesticide were observed to affect watermelon output significantly (1%) and hence are the determinants of watermelon production. Resource use efficiency analysis revealed that farmers are not efficient in using resources in watermelon production and indicated that land (33.62), seed (10.17), labour (19.32) and fertiliser (1.92), were being underutilised and pesticide was being highly over-utilized in the study area. Therefore, by increasing the use of these resources can maximise profit in watermelon production in Bangladesh
Impact of Nitrogen Application Timing and Boron-Zinc Spray on "Fuerte" Avocado
No full textThis study was carried out throughout two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Horticulture Research Station at El-Kanater El-Khayria, Qalyubeia Governorate on 20-year-old avocado trees (Persea americanaMill.) "Fuerte" cultivar grafted on Dayouk rootstock and irrigated through farrow (surface) irrigation system. In this sequence (N1) as the control or untreated trees and other trees were treated with four treatments of different addition times of nitrogen soil fertilization (N2, N3, N4, and N5) all only once and once with boron and zinc as foliar spraying in concentrations (1, 2 and 3 g/L) beside combination between them. Nitrogen fertilization rated 1200 g /tree in 3 times as (NH4No3) 33. 5%. Boron was used as sulaphate boron (17, 5%) and zinc was used as sulphate zinc (34%) where each treatment was sprayed independently or in combination three times during (October, January, April). Pollen germination, fruit set as well as yield, fruit weight, flesh weight, oil content percentage and vitamin C were determined to assess the effect of the treatments. The obtained results showed that nitrogen soil application time and boron and zinc foliar spraying were significantly affected on improving all the tested parameters compared with control trees. The study also showed that, nitrogen soil application time N2 with boron and zinc combination at 1g/L/tree was more effective than the other treatments and gave significantly the highest values in comparison of other tested treatments in both seasons of study