Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research
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Productive and Economic Potential Assessment of Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties under Fertilizers Influence in the Coastal Zone of Togo
No full textThe sustainable improvement of maize productivity and smallholders’ incomes to contribute to food security is the objective of this study carried out over two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) at the University of Lomé Agronomic Experiment Station. The experiment was set up in a split-plot design, composed of sixteen (16) treatments in three (03) replicates each. Four varieties: Ikenné (V1) Tzee (V2), Sotubaka (V3) and Sammaz 52 (V4) and four fertilization schemes: 0 kgha-1 (F0); 200 kgha-1 of NPK: 15-15-15+100 kgha-1 of urea 46%N (F1); 6 000 kgha-1 of chicken dungs (F2) and 6 000 kgha-1 of small ruminant dungs (F3) were the studied factors. Maize grain yields were determined, and an economic analysis was done. The results analysis showed that varieties and fertilization schemes significantly affected maize grain yields. Sotubaka (V3) was the most productive variety during the two years of experiment. The average yield obtained under V3 (3.56±0.65 t ha-1) was higher than those of Ikenné, Tzee and Sammaz 52 varieties respectively by 20, 57 and 5%. The average yield recorded under F2 was higher than those of F0, F1 and F3 by 54, 3 and 17% respectively. On a 2-year average basis, the application of 200 kgha-1 of NPK: 15-15-15+100 kgha-1 of urea 46%N (F1) gave the highest maize grain yields under V1 (3.43±0.13 t ha-1) and V2 (2.60±0.15 t ha-1); while the highest maize grain yields under V3 (4.29±0.12 t ha-1) and V4 (3.95±0.11 t ha-1) were obtained with the supply of 6 000 kgha-1 of chicken dungs (F2). On the same 2-year average basis, the highest profits were obtained under Ikenné (343 000 FCFA ha-1=US 264.45) with the application of F1. For Sotubaka (480 000 FCFA ha-1=US 620.03), the highest profit was obtained with the application of F2. For successful maize cultivation, it was advisable to use F1 for Ikenne and Tzee varieties and F2 for Sotubaka and Sammaz 52 varieties
Possible Effect on the Recovery of Grafted Mango Seedlings Using Naphthalene Acetic Acid
No full textThe application of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) of different concentrations (25, 50, and 75 ppm) was applied to grafted mango seedlings to identify its effect on callus formation, callus diameter, shoot emergence, and plant survival. NAA effectively reduced the number of days to callus formation, mainly using 75 ppm. Lower than this concentration exhibited a comparable callus formation, the same as the untreated seedlings. The callus diameter, shoot emergence, and plant survival showed no significant effect by applying NAA, even with how high or low the concentration was. Low and higher than the concentrations used, young scions may be used for further investigation. Likewise, other plant growth regulators should be used to hasten the callus development and higher plant recovery rate in grafted mango seedlings. 
The Role of Marginal Farmers' Farming Enterprises in Ensuring Household Food Security
No full textThe goal of this study was to ascertain how marginal farmers' farming operations impacted household food security. Additionally, efforts were undertaken to identify the challenges marginal farmers faced in attaining household food safety. Due to this, the study was carried out in three randomly chosen villages in the Rajbari district's Baliakandhi upazila. In these three communities, out of 500 marginal farmers, 26% of the populace was randomly selected. Data was acquired through direct interviews with marginal farmers between January 5 and February 20, 2009. The majority of marginal farmers (51%) fell into the medium group in terms of the contribution of farming enterprises to domestic food safety, while 37% fell into the low category. More over half of the family's food requirements were still unmet by the farming operations, which only met 40% of them annually. The biggest percentage of age (42%) of the four farming enterprise categories came from crops alone. Among the ten traits of the marginal peasants, the size of the farm and the yearly family income were positively connected, whereas the size of the family, the annual nutritional demands of the family, and cropping intensity practiced were negatively correlated. The remaining traits were not significantly correlated with how much farming operations contributed to household food security. Lack of suitable land for farming, poor training facilities, and ignorance of various facets of better farming enterprises were the main challenges marginal farmers faced in achieving household food security
Seed Germination, Vegetative Growth and Flowering Performance of Cockscomb (Celosia cristata L.) in Response to Different Potting Media
No full textThe experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Garden, Department of Horticulture, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan, during the cropping season March 2017 to May 2017. To estimate germination percentage, vegetative growth and flowering performance of Cockscomb (Celosia cristata L.) in response to different potting media. Aim of the research was to evaluate the best potting media and select the best segregating genotype of Cockscomb for superior performance on flowering traits. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment consisted with two genotypes G1 (Amigo Red) and G2 (Prestige scarlet) were planted in different potting media T1 (100% Canal sediment), T2 (75% Canal sediment + 25% FYM), T3 (50% Canal sediment + 50% Coco peat), T4 (25% Canal sediment + 50% bagasse + 25% Coco peat) and T5 (25% Canal sediment + 70% bagasse + 5% Coco peat) in the earthen pots. Our present findings of genotype (G2) in potting media (T4) indicated highest seed germination percentage (87.50%), germination index (1.77), plant height (36.55 cm), seedling vigor index (3394.2), fresh weight of shoot (56.40 g), fresh weight of root (13.35 g), fresh weight of a single flower (16.97 g), days taken to initiate flowering (74.88 days), number of flowers per plant (5.05) and chlorophyll content of leaf (36.08%). To compare mean of the G2 obtained better results in comparison to genotype (G1). The interaction of the genotypes and potting media was highly significant in G2 from the plants grown in (T4) potting media. This study showed that based on the potting media performance of the Cockscomb genotypes found maximum performance in (T4) potting media at Tandojam location. Others potting media along with genotypes and geographical locations might be explored for future research activities
Assessment of Maize (Zea mays) Genotypes for Seed Metrics, Agronomic Performance, Yield and Nutritional Content in the Southern Savanna Agro-ecological Zone of Nigeria (Wukari as Case Study)
No full textMaize is ranked as one of the cereal crops with high yield potential globally and may be considered very important for countries like Nigeria, where there is an increasing demand for food to meet the demand of its teeming population. Five varieties of maize (Sammaz 52, M1217, M1155, Oba 98 and Oba super II) obtained seed companies and mostly grown in Wukari were evaluated during the 2020/2021 cropping seasons for yield, agronomic performance, seed metrics and nutritional quality at the Research and Teaching Farm of the Federal University Wukari, Taraba State. Having four replications, the experiment was set up using Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD). Obtained data on agronomic characters, yield and nutrient qualities revealed significant differences among the varieties for days to tasseling, silking, grain yield, nutritional content, number of nodes, ear height (cm), hundred seed weight (g), number of seed rows, seed length at P>0.05. Height at matirity showed significant difference, with Oba98 having the highest (195.25 cm) value. M1217 recorded superiority (24.95g) over the other varieties for 100 seed weight. Laboratory Analysis was conducted to determine the essential amino acid and nutritional content of the five maize varieties. There was a significant variation in the crude protein content of the five varieties with the SAMMAZ52 having the highest value (13.14%). Oba 98 recorded highest essential amino acid such as Methionine (2.39), Lysine (2.33) and Tryptophan (1.43) over the other varieties assessed
Relationship between Photosynthetic Capacity and Carbohydrate Content of Mangifera indica cv. Harumanis in Response to Girdling and Paclobutrazol
No full textGirdling and paclobutrazol have been related with the effects on the photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrate content of plants. The physiological changes caused by these methods distress the growth and development of plants in general. A field experiment was carried out from August 2021 to June 2022 on 5 years of open-field Mangifera indica cv. Harumanis trees grown at Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor. The objective of this experiment was to understand the relationship between girdling, paclobutrazol application, combined methods and untreated trees on plant photosynthetic performances and carbohydrate content in the leaves. The treatments were performed on 1st December 2021, and the measurements of leaf gas exchanges and carbohydrate content were performed 4th weeks later on fully expanded leaves shoot, experiencing similar light exposure. In the study, the combination of girdling and paclobutrazol application resulted in a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) but significantly increase in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and carbohydrate content
The Effect of Increasing Temperature on Welfare of Plantation Farmers
No full textAgricultural productivity is a determining factor in achieving food security in Indonesia. Increase in agricultural productivity yields is strongly influenced by climate change. Extreme climate change has resulted in crop failure due to land drought and flooding. The existence of this incident provides an opportunity to decrease the welfare of farmers, especially plantation farmers in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the welfare of plantation farmers in Indonesia. The data used in this study was sourced from the 2018 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) data, with a total of 66,754 households in Indonesia. The analytical method used is Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of this study indicate that an increase in temperature causes drought, and has an impact on decreasing agricultural productivity. The decrease in the production of agricultural products certainly reduces the income of farmers, which results in a decrease in the level of welfare of farmers. Government policies in terms of climate engineering are needed, as well as assistance programs for farmers to maintain the welfare of farmers
Diversity of Insects Associated with Banana in Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Epidemic Areas of Western Kenya
No full textBanana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) caused by "Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum″ (Xcm) is a disease that devastates bananas production. The Xcm kills banana plants quickly, spreads rapidly and causes loss of upto 100%. The BXW disease spread on banana occurs mainly through insect vectors which use banana male flower for nectar. A study on banana insect diversity and abundance in epidemic areas of BXW was done in western Kenya. The objective was to determining the diversity of insects associated with banana in BXW epidermic areas in western Kenya including Busia, Kakamega and Siaya counties. A collection of all types of insects visiting inflorecence parts of banana and on the same inflorescence DNA samples were captured by 2 minutes dipstick to confirm the presence of Xcm using PCR procedures and eclectroforesis gel picture. Insects were positively identified by entomologist with aid of a dicotomous key and pictures. Significantly a diversified insects were found to be associated with banana in BXW in epidemic areas. The Drosophilidae, Apinae and Tephritidae families were most frequently recorded in banana farms. Bees, grass flies, banana fruit flies, flies, wasps, butterflies, beetles, spiders and black ants formed the diversity. Significantly more bees were recorded followed by flies. Isolates from inflorecence samples, positvely confimed the presence of Xcm through eclectroforesis gel picture in the study area in western Kenya
Effect of Different Manures on Growth, Yield and Profitability of Small Scale Brinjal (Egg-Plant) Cultivation in Gunny Bag
No full textBrinjal, being a long duration vegetable crop, requires appropriate supply of proper nutrition for sustainable and quality yield. Besides, adverse climatic and inadequate cultivable land add a problem for commercial or even subsistence farming with eggplant especially in the ecologically vulnerable southern region of Bangladesh. Therefore, an experiment on small scale brinjal cultivation in gunny bags (60 cm × 50 cm) was undertaken. The study on variation in growth and yield parameters in brinjal (cv. Muktokeshi) under different organic manures, fertilizers and their combinations was carried out during October 2017 to June 2018 at the Germplasm Center of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna. The experiment consisted of seven treatments and was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with seven replications. The treatments were T0 (Control), T1 (100% Cowdung), T2 (100% FYM), T3 (50% Soil+50% Recommended Fertilizers), T4 (50% Soil+ 50% WH), T5 (50% Soil+50% CD), T6 (50% Soil+50% FYM), T7 (50% WH+50% CD), T8 (50% WH+50% FYM), T9 (50% FYM+50% CD). Healthy and disease free 30 days old seedlings were transplanted at 15 days after bag preparation. Statistically significant differences among the treatments were noted in respect of all the growth parameters including yield and yield attributing characters. Maximum plant height (60.04 cm) was recorded in treatment T6 (50% Soil+50% FYM) followed by (50.04 cm) in T5 (50% Soil + 50% CD) at 90 days after transplanting (DAT). Superiority was also showed by the treatment T6 (50% Soil+50% FYM) in terms of producing the highest number of branches (15.21 branches/plant) and leaves (40.21 leaves/plant) at 90 DAT. Manures had marked influence on flowering behavior on brinjal. The earliest flowering was occurred in T6 (50% Soil+50% FYM) treatment (23.49 days) followed by T5 (50% Soil + 50% CD) treatment (31.07 days). While control plants and plants treated with 50% Soil+50% RD required longer period for flowering (44.0 days and 45.07 days, respectively). Again, significantly maximum number of fruits per plant, the heaviest fruit and the highest fruit yield per bag were registered in plants under T6 (50% Soil+50% FYM) treatment (42.0, 104.6 g and 4.39 kg, respectively) which was statistically followed by T5 (50% Soil + 50% CD) treatment. In addition an increase in yield of 164.68 % and 169.02 % over control was also noticed in treatment T5 and T6, respectively. Though maximum net return per bag (BDT 89.68 Tk.) was incurred in the treatment T6, statistically similar but with the highest BCR value was observed in T5 due to the higher purchase cost of FYM than others (a BCR of 3.18, 3.57 and 3.13 in T4, T5 and T6, respectively). So, Cowdung, Farm yard manure and Water hyacinth can be mixed with soil for small scale and profitable brinjal cultivation in bag
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
No full textThe application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on agricultural farming as a management practice has tremendously brought about a great boost to crop yield due to improvement in soil fertility. The thrust of this experiment was to compare the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth, yield and nutritional qualities of cucumber (cucumis sativus). The research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti in 2019 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of sole application of NPK fertilizer, sole application of goat manure, sole application of poultry, NPK + goat manure, NPK fertilizer + poultry manure and control. Parameters assessed include vine length (cm), stem girth (cm), number of leaves, fruit weight (g), length of fruit (cm), fruit diameter (cm) and number of fruit plant-1. The results revealed that poultry manure (PM) significantly influenced all the agronomic parameters and yield of cucumber than other treatments. There were significant differences among the agronomic parameters measured including yield in all the treatments except the number of fruits plant-1. Poultry manure had the highest fruit yield followed by goat manure, NPK fertilizer and poultry manure respectively. For the proximate test, it was observed in the results that there were slight differences in the composition of the proximate of cucumber based on the treatments, suggesting that fertilization can influence the proximate of fruit and vegetables. The overall assessment of the research suggested that poultry manure is the best fertilizer for cucumber growth and yield performance