Asian Journal of Research in Biosciences
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Assessment of Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils at Gournadi Upazila under Barisal District
Get PDFThe soil samples were collected from Gournadi Upazila of the Barishal district of Bangladesh. The soils were analyzed for texture, pH, EC, N, P, K, S, and Na to determine the qualitative analysis of some essential plant nutrients in agricultural soil to examine the nutrient status of soils for assessing crop suitability. The texture classes were silt loam in Gournadi Upazila. Sand fractions varied from 13.25-26.25%. Silt fractions varied from 44.5-77.5% and clay fractions varied from 10.25-29.25%. The soil pH of Gournadi ranged from 7.16-8.72. The soil of this zone is practically alkaline. Measurement of electrical conductivity helps to identify the level of salinity. The EC values ranged from 0.09-0.24 dS/m which indicated the soils were none saline. Total N content at Gournadi ranged from 0.028-0.74%. The average total N content observed at this Upazilla was 0.11%. The amount of total N in maximum locations was Optimum. This might be due to the addition of high organic matter, remaining of crop residue in the field. The amount of available P in Gournadi ranged from 9.25-24.11 ppm. The average of available P in here was 16.72ppm. The Exchangeable K of Gournadi ranged from 0.13-0.36 me/100 g soils. The available S content of Gournadi ranged from 14.16-24.18 ppm. The average concentration of available S was 18.65 ppm. The Na+ concentration ranged from 0.19-1.07%. The average sodium concentration was found at 0.45%. It can be stated that most of the soil nutrients status of the study areas were lies at the optimum level which is good for crop production
Vegetable Tanning of Sole Fish Skin by Using Tannins Extracted from Plants
Get PDFTanning of skins and hides using natural tannins from plant sources is termed as vegetable tanning or green tanning due to its biodegradability and environment friendly features. Fish skin is the new alternative raw material for leather industry. In the present study, bark tannin powder of four plants i.e., Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Cassia fistula and Pinus roxburghii were used for the tanning of Sole fish skin and the physical properties of leather produced were evaluated and compared with standard. A. nilotica and P. roxburghii tannin powder had best tanning results on fish skin. Highest tensile strength was observed for the A. nilotica tanned leather (21.32 N/mm2) with 33% elongation followed by P. roxburghii tanned leather with a tensile strength of 19.75 N/mm2and elongation of 36%. Tear strength was highest in samples tanned with P. roxburghii tannin powder (74 N/mm) followed by leather tanned with A. indica tannins (70 N/mm). Tara tanned leather had a tensile strength of 15.66 N/mm2, elongation of 32% and tear strength of 55 N/mm. Shrinkage temperature of tanned fish leathers were determined and were compared with standard tara tannin powder (89°C) and showed best results; A. nilotica, A. indica, P. roxburghii, C. fistula had shrinkage temperatures 88°C,83°C,87°C,89°C respectively. Results indicated that fish skin can be used as a new source for leather industry and tannins from barks of A. nilotica and P. roxburghii can be used as a good vegetable tanning material
Effects of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill) Plantation on Plant Biodiversity in the High Plains of Saïda (Algeria)
Get PDFThe effect of the monoculture of Aleppo Pine in the high plains of Saïda on biodiversity, richness and rate of endemic flora is the subject of our study. For this purpose, 30 floristic surveys were carried out to evaluate the biodiversity indices inside and outside the wooded sites. Vegetation analysis using the TWINSPAN method resulted in two groups of ecological species; the similarity study showed a clear separation between the groups, the overall value of ANOSIM-R was 0.99 (P <.001). The average species richness and the Shanoon index are 2.063, 2.23 higher in non-wooded sites than in wooded sites respectively. The results of the survey indicated the presence of 98 plant species. Among them, 14 species are classified as threatened, endemic or rare. A total of 27 species has been eliminated by reforestation, of which 11 are classified as threatened, endemic or rare. It is therefore recommended that biodiversity should be taken into account in afforestation operations in order to maintain natural habitats and minimize the loss of native species
Genetic Analysis of Eight Parents and their 28 Hybrids under Salinity Tolerance in Bread Wheat
Get PDFThis investigation was carried out to study the gene action under salinity soil and water on plant height, number of tillers/plants, stem diameter, 100-grain weight, and grain yield/plant, at experimental farm faculty of Agriculture, south valley university, Qena, Egypt during the two winter seasons (2018-2019). The results showed that the mean squares of 36 genotypes were highly significant for all studied traits, reflecting a great wide genetic variability among them. The mean sum of squares due to the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for all studied traits. The additive genetic variance (σ2A), which were higher than those of non-additive (σ2D) ones for plant height, stem diameter and 100-grain weight. The values of heritability in broad senses (h2b. s %) and narrow senses (h2n. s%) were estimated for all studied. The results exhibited that genotypic correlation for plant height was highly significant with number of tillers/plants, stem diameter, and grain yield/plant with the values of (0.40, 0.33 and 0.33) respectively, under salinity condition. However, genotypic correlation for stem diameter was positive and highly significant with 100-grain weight with the value of (0.48) under salinity condition. Additionally, the genotypic and phenotypic correlations were positive and highly significant between number of tillers/plants with grain yield/plant with the values of (0.37) and (0.43). Finally, it could be concluded that the additive gene action played a major role in controlling of most traits studied
Screening the Responsible Impact of Fourteen Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes against Osmatic Water Stress Mediated through PEG6000 in Terms of Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth Stage in Search of Promising Drought Tolerant Genotypes under in vitro Condition
Get PDFSeed germination is considered one of the first and critical fundamental life stage of a plant. So, the success in growth and yield production is depending on this stage. A way to overcome the negative effects of deficit water stress on plant production is development of drought tolerant genotypes. With this view an in vitro experiment was attempted to measure and quantify the negative effects of osmatic PEG6000 stress on seed germination and early seedling growth stage of fourteen wheat genotypes to determine the relevant response of studied genotypes with identifying resistant genotypes toward high stress of PEG6000. To achieve this purpose, the experiment was assigned in a split plot arrangement in two factorial CRD fashion projection with three replications under five levels of PEG6000 factors (Ψs) {0% (0 Mpa), 5% (-0.3 Mpa), 10% (-0.6 Mpa), 15% (-0.9 Mpa) and 20% (-1.2 Mpa) w/v} to establish artificial drought stress to assess the progressive effect. The observations are converted into its effects in terms of fifteen biological attributes included (germination percentage, germination index, seedling length, relative percentage of seedling length, reduction percentage of seedling length, seedling fresh weight, relative percentage of seedling fresh weight, reduction percentage of seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, relative percentage of seedling dry weight, reduction percentage of seedling dry weight, tissue water content, vigor index, tolerance index and coefficient of relative inhibition). The experiment was repeated for confirmation and the results were similar. The results appeared that the germination percentage was not found as effective indicator of genotypic variation for PEG6000 stress at early seedling stage. Moreover, degree of PEG6000 stress tolerance at early seedling growth stage did not maintain in all studied wheat genotypes. Therefore, the authors were done PCA plots and Euclidean distance analysis to distinguish and clear superiority PEG6000 stress-tolerant genotypes. Overall, genotypes Gimeza-12, Sakha-94, Katela, and Sids-12 are relatively drought tolerant genotypes as they showed a better performance degree of survival on high levels of induced PEG6000 and the remaining genotypes had an intermediate response toward the induced PEG6000. This method can be recommended as a tool for determining the mechanisms to the plant breeder for suitable rapid detection criteria of screening drought tolerant genotypes in a large population incorporate with the reduced cost and labor to initiate breeding programs to develop better drought tolerant genotypes as a best parents for genetic characterization through QTL analysis of mapping population derived from them
Associations between ISSR Markers and Quantitative Traits in Bread Wheat Genotypes
Get PDFMorphological traits and molecular markers analyses are very important tools for estimation of genetic variability among genotypes. In this study, we combined the phenotypic characterization with the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technique for the assessment of genetic diversity among 26 bread wheat genotypes. Out of 87 amplified bands 43 were polymorphic. The %P ranged from 25 to 76.92 with an average of 46.97%. The average number of polymorphic bands was 4.30 per primer. UBC-849 and UBC-833 primers which belonged to (GT) and (GA) repeats primer groups produced 62.50 and 76.92% level of polymorphism, respectively. It is clear that the highest polymorphism level was obtained in the case of di-nucleotide repeat primers. In this work the polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied from 0.04 (UBC-819) to 0.19 (UBC-834) with an average of 0.13. The Marker index (MI) values were from 0.12 (UBC-819) to 1.50 (UBC-833) with an average of 0.62. Two markers (UBC-811930bp and UBC-833600bp) were identified which may be linked to stem diameter and grain yield per plant traits, respectively
Effect of Aridity Gradient on Physico-chemical and Microbial Characteristics of Pine Forest Soils
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to see the effect of the bioclimatic stage on certain characteristics of the soils of the forests of western Algeria.
For realized this work have selected three forest areas populated at 90% by Aleppo Pine and located in the bioclimatic stages humid, semi arid and arid. For each station, some physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out that could have an impact on the vegetation and the biological processes of the soil.
The results showed that there is a great heterogeneity between the different stations and that the water and nitrogen content depends on the aridity gradient. On the other hand the amount of carbon is more important in the humid and arid zone and lower between the two stations. Regarding microbial biomass have noted that it does not depend on the aridity gradient. The enzymatic activities studied are more pronounced in the humid zone and almost the same in the semi arid and arid
Evaluation Capability of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Salinity (NaCl) Stress as a Systematic Tolerance Assessment at Seed Germination and Early Growth Stage under Laboratory Conditions
Get PDFHealthy seed germination is critical for the growth cycle of plants, and determines the establishment of seedlings and subsequent crop production. High salinity conditions can result in difficulty for seed germination and delays the germination period. Development of salinity tolerant genotypes through screening and selection is one important strategy to overcome this case. In the present study, the effects of salinity (0 mM NaCl (control= distilled water)), (50 mM NaCl (slight salt stress)) and (100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl (high salt stress)) had gradual and negative effects on seed water uptake and germination attributes. The results verified a remarkable variation for genetic materials ability under salinity conditions. Overall, among 14 wheat genotypes (Sids-12, Nielien and Weiber) genotypes were seemed to be relatively salt tolerance and (Gimeza-12, Diebera, Misr-1, Katela) genotypes were seemed to be moderately tolerant genotypes to salt stress, which were attributed to higher germination percentage, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight, tissue water content, vigor index and tolerance index. On the other hand, the genotypes (Shandaweil-1, Giza-168, Misr-2, Sids-1, Sanora, Gimez-7 and Sakha-94) were found to be moderately to strongly sensitive toward salt stress conditions. This systematic method is able to identify genetic variation in salinity tolerance in studies breeding material or in a large number of genotypes of wheat, and help to make account of differences with respect to salinity conditions
Assessment of Fish Biodiversity in Basuakhali Beel under Terokhada Upazilla, Khulna, Bangladesh
Get PDFThe present study was carried out for a period of five months from July 2017 to November 2017 to assess the fish biodiversity applying diversity indices for existing fish species in Basuakhali beel under Terokhada upazilla, Khulna, Bangladesh. During the study, a total of 38 fish species including 34 native and 4 exotic fish species were recorded under 21 families belonging to 10 orders. Cypriniformes (31.58%) was found as the most dominant order followed by Perciformes (18.42%), Siluriformes and Channiformes (10.53%), Synbranchiformes and Decapoda (7.89%), Tetraodontiformes (5.27%), Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes and Osteoglossiformes (2.63%) respectively. Almost 57.89% of species were found least concern, 13.16% near threatened, 10.53% vulnerable, 2.63% endangered and 15.79% were found not threatened in the biodiversity of Basuakhali beel. During the study period average Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') value was highest in Rumer beel (2.38 ±0.10) and lowest in Gojalmari (1.40 ±0.15). Margalef richness index (d) value was highest in Rumer beel (3.69±0.58) and lowest in Abadh (1.55 ±0.31). Pielou’s evenness index (J’) value was highest in Abadh (0.49 ±0.13) and lowest in Kumromari (0.43 ±0.06). Pielou’s index (J´) showed the equal distribution pattern of fish species throughout the sampling area indicating a stable condition. Simpson dominance index (C) value was highest in Rumer beel (0.85 ±0.03) and lowest in Gojalmari (0.64 ±0.06). Eighteen different kinds of fishing gears were identified under 4 major groups including 5 nets (current jal, ber jal, thela jal, veshal jal and punti jal), 6 traps (guni, chari, charo, duor, tubo and polo), 4 hooks and line (koia borsi, dhun borsi, chip borshi and borshi), 3 wounding gears (koach, anta and jupi) in the beel. Besides, an inclusive management and conservation scheme is crying needed for the beel fishery to enrich the fish species diversity of the Basuakhali beel as well as the country
Investigation of Cadmium Biodegradation by Bacteria and Comparison with Other Biodegradable Materials
Get PDFWith the development of release of heavy metals into the environment is increasing. The abundant use and increase the level of concern is serious. Biotechnology, bioremoval heavy metals from industrial wastewater by using microorganisms' ability to be an efficient, environmentally friendly and developing effective. Identify bacteria resistant to toxic metals that have the potential in this area are technically complex and useful. The use of hallophilic bacteria due to having special features, high power stability important in biological cleaning of metal compounds in natural environments play. Biological removal of toxic metal cadmium with high, environmental movement as an important field of biotechnology. Optimization of environmental conditions whose removal increases the efficiency should be considered further. The aim of this study reviews the removal of cadmium by bio-dispersion. And the impact of environmental factors on biological uptake of heavy and compare them with other bioabsorbents