Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Evaluation of composted coir p ith with chemical and biofertilizers on nutrient availability, yield and quality of b lack pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFComposted coir pith was evaluated at Madikeri (Karnataka) under integrated plant nutrient management system to substitute chemical input of fertilizers for improving the yield and quality of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Application of composted coir pith (CC) @ 2.5 t ha" with full recommended dose of NPK (100:40:140 kg ha" of N, P,O, and K, O) yielded the highest (4.18 kg vine" ) which was on par with 1.25 t ha·1 CC + full NPK, 2.5 t ha·1 CC + y, NPK + Azospirillum sp., 1.25 t ha" CC + y, NPK + Azospirillum sp. and 2.5 t ha" CC alone. The levels of composted coir pith application were on par with regard to quality (piperine and oleoresin contents). of black pepper. The highest benefit-cost ratio of 1.94 was recorded in the ,treatment with composted coir pith @ 1.25 t ha" + Azospirillum sp.
 
Two new high yielding, high 'curcumin, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) varieties- 'IISR Kedaram' and 'IISR Alleppey Supreme'
Get PDFTwo turmeric (Curcuma longa) varieties, 'llSR Kedaram' (Acc. 126) and 'IISR Alleppey Supreme' (Acc. 585) were developed at the Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut, through selection and recommended for release for their high yield and curcumin content. 'llSR Kedaram', matures in 215 days and has an average yield of 5.28 t ha'] (dry rhizome) and 301.10 kg ha" curcumin whereas, 'IISR Alleppey Supreme', an Alleppey finger turmeric selection, matures in 220 days and yields 5.58 t ha'] (dry rhizome) and 309.69 kg ha" curcumin.
 
Effect of source and method of application of zinc on yield and quality of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFExperiments were conducted in the green house at Peruvannamuzhi (Kerala) and also in the field at Madikeri (Karnataka) to compare the effect of zinc sources, zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate (Zn-EDTA) and methods of application (soil and foliar) to black pepper (Piper nigrum) in a zinc deficient soil. The results showed that with regard to soil availability of zinc, application of zinc as Zn-EDTA chelate @ 2.5 mg kg-1 soil in green house and 2.5 kg ha-1 in field conditions recorded maximum values. Leaf and berry zinc and pepper yield were maximum due to 0.5% ZnSo4 foliar spray. Irrespective of sources and methods, Zinc application significantly increased oleoresin and piperine contents. With regard to benefit : cost ratio, 0.5% foliar spray of ZnSo4 resulted in maximum value in green house, whereas soil application of 2.5 kg Zn ha-1 as ZnSo4 resulted in maximum value in field condition.
 
Compatibility of aromatic crops as intercrops in maize (Zea mays L.) in semi-arid region of Karnataka, India
Get PDFAn experiment was carried out at Bangalore (Karnataka) to investigate the effect of methods of planting (solid row and paired row) and three cropping systems [maize + palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii), maize + South American marigold (Tagetes minuta) and maize + basil (Ocimum basilicum)] on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays). Grain yield of maize, harvest index and biomass were not affected by intercrop treatments. Land use efficiency in terms of Land Equivalent Ratio ranged between 1.11 to 1.20, the maximum being with maize paired row + palmarosa and maize paired row + South American marigold (20%). There was no effect of method of planting on yield of maize. Palmarosa, South American marigold and basil did not affect the yield of maize. Maximum net returns (Rs. 20,870 ha-1) and benefit : cost ratio (2.26) was obtained with maize paired row + South American marigold.
 
Genetic divergence in germplasm collections of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Get PDFFifty four turmeric (Curcuma longa) cultivars were evaluated at Jagtial (Andhra Pradesh) by subjecting to D2 statistic to assess the genetic diversity available in the cultivars. The D2 analysis showed wide diversity among the cultivars and they were grouped into six clusters. Inter-cluster distance values also showed wide genetic divergence among the cultivars. Based on cluster-mean values, the cultivars PTS-38 and Duggirala in cluster I (high cured yield), PCT-5 and PCT-8 in cluster III (high curcumin, essential oil and oleoresin contents) and PCT-13, PCT-14 and PCT-10 in cluster IV (short duration, medium yield with good curcumin content) were identified as potential parents for future breeding programmes.
 
Callus culture and regeneration from root tip of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Get PDFCallus induction and subsequent plant regeneration was studied in acommercial Indian cultivar of garlic, cV. G-41 (short-day type). 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid at lower concentration (0.25 mg 1-1) and picloram at higher concentration 1.0 mg 1") were suitable for efficient callus formation from the root tips. Callus was obtained only from the apical portions of root-tips treated with 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid whereas picloram led to callus fo rmation throughout the root segment except the non apical (subjacent) portion. Callus obtained from induction medium containing both auxins and cytokinins responded well toregeneration. The average shoot regeneration frequency ranged from 16.7% to 50.0%. The best combination for callus culture and regeneration was callus formation in root tip medium 2 (CRT 2) (2,4-d icholorophenoxyacetic acid 0.25 mg 1" + 6-benzylaminopurine 1.0 mg I'') induction medium followed by garlic regeneration medium 3 (GR 3) (ki netin 1.0 mg 1") as the regeneration medium. In other regeneration media, profuse root formation and appearance of dark green callus was also observed
Studies on rapid multiplication of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) on soil mound
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to study rapid multiplication of black pepper (Piper nigrum) on soil mound at Dapoli (Maharashtra). The black pepper plants were planted at the base of soil mound (2.5 m width, 0.60 m height at centre, 18 m length, 45' angle slope) at various spacings (15.0,22.5, 30.0 and 37.5 cm) and compared with cuttings raised by bamboo and traditional methods. The vines in soil mound method exhibited superior performance with respect to length and root production node". The availability of cuttings from soil mound method was also the highest. The rooting percentage of cuttings obtained from soil mound and bamboo methods were significantly superior over traditional method of propagation. The B : C ratio for marketable black pepper cuttings by soil mound method was the best (2.1:1.0). Planting base material at 15 cm spacing on soil mound was the best and produced more runners per unit area as compared to other spacing treatments and traditional method.
 
Factor analysis in cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Get PDFA pooled factor analysis of 17 variables representing morphological, yield contributing and qualitative characters of 90 genotypes of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) was carried out at Myladumpara (Kerala), for identifying marker characters which accommodate the inheritance of associated characters. Among the 17 characters subjected to the analysis, 6 factors were identified as having maximum influence on growth, yield and quality of cardamom. Among the six factors identified, three factors controlled yield and yield contributing characters, two factors controlled qualitative characters and one factor controlled growth characters. The characters identified with maximum factor loadings in each group include bearing tillers clump-I, seeds capsule-I, internodal length, racemes panicle-I, leaf breadth and capsules (dry) kg-I. The six principal components or factors accounted for 78.09% of the total variance.
 
Purification, production of antiserum and development of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay-based diagnosis for Cucumber mosaic virus infecting black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Get PDFCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infecting black pepper (Piper nigrum) in India was propagated on Nicotiana benthamiana and N. glutinosa, and purified by differential and sucrose densitygradient centrifugation. The purified virus preparations showed the presence of typical isometric particles of about 28 nm diameter. Polyclonal antiserum against the virus was produced in New Zealand white rabbits. Immunoglobulin G was purified from the crude antiserum and coupled with the enzyme, alkaline phosphatase. 'Double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method was standardized for detection of CMV in diseased black pepper samples collected from different regions of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The virus infection was also detected on other Piper species such as P. chaba, P. colubrinum and P. longum and a few of the common weeds such as Ageratum conyzoides, Colacasia esculanta, Synedrella nodiflora, Cynodon dactylon and Sonchus oleraceus found in and around black pepper gardens. The utility of the method developed in diagnosis, epidemiology and management of the disease is discussed.
 
Influence of varieties, sheep manure and nitrogen on yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Get PDFThe performance of three varieties (Local, RZ-19 and RZ-209) of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and the effect of sheep manure (0 and 5 t ha-1) and nitrogen levels (20 and 40 kg N ha-1) on the yield of the crop was evaluated at Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Growth and yield attributes, seed yield and net returns were significantly higher in improved varieties compared to local variety. Maximum seed yield (580 kg ha-1) and net returns (Rs 32,400 ha-1) were obtained with RZ-19. Application of sheep manure increased seed yield by 5.2% over no manure; however, net returns were not increased. Nitrogen @ 40 kg ha-1 significantly increased seed yield by 26 kg ha-1 and net returns by Rs 1850 ha-I with benefit-cost ratio of 2.19 over 15 kg N ha-1.