Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Effect of post flowering foliar sprays of nutrients on fruit growth of kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy)
Get PDFA study was undertaken at Dapoli (Maharashtra) to find out the effect of application of postflowering foliar nutrients on growth of kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) fruits. Various concentrations and combinations of urea 1.0%, potassium nitrate 3.0%, monopotassium phosphate 0.5% and 19 N:19 P:19 K (1.0%) were applied at fruit set and repeated 20 days after fruit (DAF) set. The results indicated that weight of fruit increased consistently up to 90 days of fruit set and decreased slightly at harvest irrespective of treatments. The increase in fruit length and fruit circumference was linear till harvest. All foliar nutrient treatments improved the growth rate over control with respect to fruit weight, fruit length and fruit circumference at all stages of fruit growth. T4 [potassium nitrate 3.0% twice], T5 [potassium nitrate 3.0% + monopotassium phosphate 0.5%] and T6 [19 N: 19 P:19 K (1.0%) twice] were at par with each other and recorded significantly higher yield over control. Among the treatments T2 [Urea 1.0% + potassium nitrate 3.0%] was the best for improvement in fruit weight and fruit circumference of kokum fruit. All foliar nutrient sprays improved the quality of kokum fruit with respect to total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid and sugar content. Among the treatments, T4 and T5 were at par with each other and significantly improved acidity and sugar content.
 
Variability in stigma length and apocarotenoid content in Crocus sativus L. selections of Kashmir
Get PDFIdentification of high yielding selections using the existing gene pool of saffron shows promise and potential for improving the productivity of this crop. The present study was conducted at Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) with 31 saffron selections. Variations in respect to stigma length was observed. Apocarotenoid content was correlated with stigma length of saffron. Stigma size vis-a-vis quality evaluation confirmed that saffron of Kashmir is of intrinsically high quality with respect to colouring, aroma and taste. Variability in stigma characteristics observed in saffron selections can be utilized for saffron crop improvement.
 
Stability of chilli genotypes for different seasons at terai zone of West Bengal
Get PDFThe stability of 15 chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes, was studied during rabi (winter) and kharif (rainy) seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Pundibari, Cooch Behar (West Bengal). Pooled analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant genetic variability among the genotypes. With respect to different growth, yield and quality characters, significant differences were also found in all the characters except ascorbic acid, indicating the effect of environment on the performance of the genotypes. Ulka-686 showed supremacy in yield in both rabi and kharif seasons but its magnitude of yield for kharif season was about half of that of rabi season. CA-29 exhibited better performance under rabi season and Jwalan, Tejaswini and Pusa Sadabahar were adapted for kharif season.
 
Diversity analysis of sesame germplasm using DIVA-GIS
Get PDFSesame (Sesamum indicum L.) was studied for its distribution and diversity in India using DIVAGIS. Grid maps were generated for diversity analysis of the eight quantitative traits viz., plant height, inter-node length, leaves per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed weight and seed yield. The results indicated that diverse accessions for all these traits can be sourced from Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh (partly covering Chattisgarh) states and these states are diversity rich pockets for sesame germplasm in India.
 
Organogenesis in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)
Get PDFHigh frequency organogenesis was achieved in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) using hypocotyl explants from in vitro germinated seedlings. Both cytokinins, benzylaminopurine and kinetin induced shoot regeneration but the effect of benzylaminopurine was more pronounced. High frequency shoot regeneration (45 shoots explant-1) was obtained on benzylaminopurine 1 mg l-1. Both cytokinins were also tested in combination with auxins (naphthaleneacetic acid/indoleacetic acid). Interaction of benzylaminopurine/kinetin with naphthaleneacetic acid/indoleacetic acid increased the length of regenerated shoots. Different kinds of callus morphology was observed but it had no relationship with regeneration potential. The regenerated plants were normal and healthy.
 
Physical properties of cinnamon bark
Get PDFPhysical properties of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J.Pres) bark (var. Nityashree) were determined by dividing into three grades (I, II & III) according to their size at 10.15% (db) moisture content. The values of length, breadth and thickness for grade I were 48.38 mm, 7.34 mm and 1.37 mm; for grade II were 71.81 mm, 8.45 mm and 1.00 mm; for grade III were 104.95 mm, 8.15 mm and 0.98 mm, respectively. Unit volume and surface area for grade I were 214.80 mm3 and 159.68 mm2; for grade II were 364.92 mm3 and 226.33 mm2; for grade III were 409.85 mm3 and 242.85 mm2, respectively. Bulk density and true density for grade I were 144.56 kg m-3 and 177.60 kg m-3 for grade II were 148.44 kg m-3 and 186.87 kg m-3 for grade III were 132.08 kg m-3 and 202.91 kg m-3, respectively. Porosity, angle of repose for grade I was 14.20% and 40.69°; for grade II were 20.95% and 41.56°; for grade III were 37.72% and 42.30°, respectively. The coefficient of static friction with respect to different surfaces viz., plywood, galvanized iron and aluminum sheet for grade I were 0.86, 0.94 and 0.80; for grade II were 0.84, 0.89 and 0.79; for grade III were 0.80, 0.81 and 0.70, respectively.
 
Sodicity affects growth, yield and cation composition of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
Get PDFField trials were conducted at Banthra, Lucknow, (Uttar Pradesh) to study the effect of sodicity on growth, yield and cation composition of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.) grown in a Typic Natrustalf. The treatments included five exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels (10, 20, 30, 40 & 50) and four genotypes viz., HF-107, NDF-9, Local BRS and NDF-7. An adverse effect of sodicity was observed on emergence of secondary branches and seed setting causing decrease in seed yield. The variety HF-107 produced the highest seed yield (1956 kg ha-1) followed by Local BRS (1709 kg ha-1), NDF-9 (1577 kg ha-1) and NDF-7 (1078 kg ha-1). The cation composition of stover revealed Na inclusion mechanism with narrow K/Na and Ca/Na ratios. The study further revealed that the crop can tolerate medium level of sodicity (ESP 30).
 
Genetic analysis for earliness under varying environments in chilli (Capsicum annum L.)
Get PDFSix generations P1 P2 F1 F2 BC1 and BC2 of six families were developed in chilli (Capsicum annum L.) from 11 inbreds and were used to apply A, B, C and D scaling tests in the attributes of earliness viz., days to 50.0% flowering (DTF) and days to fruit ripening (DTFR) in different environments at Jagudan (Gujarat). The experiment was conducted in Kharif 2007 under high fertility condition (E1), Kharif 2007 under low fertility condition (E2) and Summer 2007 under high fertility condition (E3). For DTFR in Kharif, low fertility and summer grown conditions enhanced the expression of dominant/partially dominant genes. Whereas, DTF in low fertility as well as late sowing conditions depressed the expression of dominant/partially dominant genes. Detection of epistasis in a cross in one environment and not in the other emphasized the influence of environment on interaction parameters. High role of epistasis for ripening and flowering in all the three environments was observed. In general, for inheritance of days to flowering preponderance of dominance gene effects or due weightage of additive and dominance epistasis and dominance × dominance gene effects were noticed. For improvement of this trait, heterosis breeding was fruitful, where importance of non-additive gene effects with greater influence of dominance gene effects was estimated. The parents GVC–111, Junagadh Gholar, JCh–730 and JCh–725 contributed desirable genes for imparting earliness.
 
Feasibility of intercropping medicinal plants in black pepper garden
Get PDFThe feasibility of cultivating medicinal plants in black pepper (Piper nigram L.) plantation was studied at Ambalavayal (Kerala). The plants tested were Adhatoda beddomei, Desmodium gangeticum, Pseudarthria viscida, Ayapana triplinervis, Pogostemon cablin and Plumbago rosea in a fifteen year old black pepper plantation. The results indicated that black pepper yield (2100 kg ha-1) was higher under intercropping situation compared to sole crop (1675 kg ha-1). Among the medicinal plants, maximum black pepper equivalent yield (PEY) (2100 kg ha-1) was recorded in P. rosea followed by P. cablin (2000 kg ha-1). Maximum net return was obtained from black pepper + P. rosea followed by P. cablin. The benefit: cost ratio was highest for inter cropping P. rosea (3.5) followed by P. cablin (3.3) and A. triplinervis (3.3).
 
Evaluation of bacterial antagonists for the management of rhizome rot of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Get PDFAmong the 90 rhizobacterial isolates screened against rhizome rot pathogens (Pythium vexans, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani) of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) two bacterial strains viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf 51 and Bacillus subtilis B45 were highly inhibitory. P. fluorescens Pf 51 exhibited highest inhibition (42.5%, 44.2% and 41.4% respectively) against P. vexans, F. oxysporum and R. solani. B. subtilis B45 also exhibited highest inhibition (43.2%, 41.2% and 42.4% respectively) against these three pathogens. P. fluorescens Pf51 was compatible with B. subtilis Bs 45. Peat formulation supported the survival of both the strains up to 270 days with a viable population of 4.3 × 107 cfu g-1 and 6.2 × 107 cfu g-1 respectively. Application of antagonists in combination with rhizome bacterization and soil application resulted in 54.0% reduction in rhizome rot over control as compared to single method such as rhizome bacterization (43.0%) or soil application (39.0%). Application of copper oxychloride and carbendazim resulted in 68.0% reduction of rhizome rot. Maximum height (167.21 cm) and number of tillers (30.14) were recorded due to the application of mixture of both the strains through rhizome bacterization and soil application.