Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Effect of pre- and post-harvest treatments on yield, quality and post-harvest shelf life of king chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) under foothill conditions of Nagaland (India)
Get PDFField and laboratory experiments were carried out at Medziphema (Nagaland) to evaluate the effect of pre- and post-harvest treatments on yield, quality and post-harvest life of King chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) under foothill conditions of Nagaland. Highest fresh yield (13.65 t ha-1) and capsaicin content (819421.13 SHU) of fruits were recorded with application of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (40 ppm). Maximum vitamin C content (115.67 mg 100g-1 of fruit) was recorded with application of Ethrel 250 ppm. Lowest physiological loss in weight (2.55%) and change in fruit colour (10%), highest value of ascorbic acid content (120.5 mg 100 g-1 of fruit) and longest shelflife (9 days) were recorded at 9th day after storage in calcium chloride (0.5%) treated fruits, packed in non-perforated bags and stored under refrigeration at 5oC.
 
Genetic analysis for earliness under varying environments in chilli (Capsicum annum L.)
Get PDFSix generations P1 P2 F1 F2 BC1 and BC2 of six families were developed in chilli (Capsicum annum L.) from 11 inbreds and were used to apply A, B, C and D scaling tests in the attributes of earliness viz., days to 50.0% flowering (DTF) and days to fruit ripening (DTFR) in different environments at Jagudan (Gujarat). The experiment was conducted in Kharif 2007 under high fertility condition (E1), Kharif 2007 under low fertility condition (E2) and Summer 2007 under high fertility condition (E3). For DTFR in Kharif, low fertility and summer grown conditions enhanced the expression of dominant/partially dominant genes. Whereas, DTF in low fertility as well as late sowing conditions depressed the expression of dominant/partially dominant genes. Detection of epistasis in a cross in one environment and not in the other emphasized the influence of environment on interaction parameters. High role of epistasis for ripening and flowering in all the three environments was observed. In general, for inheritance of days to flowering preponderance of dominance gene effects or due weightage of additive and dominance epistasis and dominance × dominance gene effects were noticed. For improvement of this trait, heterosis breeding was fruitful, where importance of non-additive gene effects with greater influence of dominance gene effects was estimated. The parents GVC–111, Junagadh Gholar, JCh–730 and JCh–725 contributed desirable genes for imparting earliness.
 
Feasibility of intercropping medicinal plants in black pepper garden
Get PDFThe feasibility of cultivating medicinal plants in black pepper (Piper nigram L.) plantation was studied at Ambalavayal (Kerala). The plants tested were Adhatoda beddomei, Desmodium gangeticum, Pseudarthria viscida, Ayapana triplinervis, Pogostemon cablin and Plumbago rosea in a fifteen year old black pepper plantation. The results indicated that black pepper yield (2100 kg ha-1) was higher under intercropping situation compared to sole crop (1675 kg ha-1). Among the medicinal plants, maximum black pepper equivalent yield (PEY) (2100 kg ha-1) was recorded in P. rosea followed by P. cablin (2000 kg ha-1). Maximum net return was obtained from black pepper + P. rosea followed by P. cablin. The benefit: cost ratio was highest for inter cropping P. rosea (3.5) followed by P. cablin (3.3) and A. triplinervis (3.3).
 
Effect of cultivars and fertilizer levels on growth, yield and quality of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] under shaded condition
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at Bengaluru (Karnataka) to study the influence of culivars (Johore and CIM-shreshtha) and three fertilizer levels [Control (no fertilizers); recommended NPK (200:50:50 kg ha-1) and vermicompost 10 t ha-1 + 50% recommended NPK (100:25:25 kg ha-1)] on growth, herbage and oil yield of patchouli under shaded condition. Results showed that among the cultivars, CIM-shreshtha recorded significantly higher plant height and plant spread than Johore. CIM-shreshtha produced 29.25% and 43.28% higher herbage and oil yield compared to Johore. The application of recommended NPK (200:50:50 kg ha-1) produced maximum herbage and oil yield compared with control and was at par with vermicompost 10 t ha-1 + 50% recommended NPK (100:25:25 kg ha-1). Oil quality was not influenced by cultivar and fertilizer levels.
 
Studies on variability and genetic divergence in elite lines of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Get PDFThe study was conducted during 2006–07 to 2007–08 at Karnal (Haryana), to identify suitable genotypes of garlic for cultivation. The results revealed that a wide range of variability was recorded for gross yield, marketable yield, weight of 50 cloves, number of cloves per bulb, plant height and clove size index. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were high for weight of 50 cloves, number of cloves per bulbs, marketable yield and clove size index. Heritability in broad sense ranged from 43.9 to 95.0%. High value of heritability was recorded for plant height followed by cloves per bulb, leaves per plant, weight of 50 cloves, weight of 20 bulbs, marketable yield, bulb size index, and neck thickness. A high estimate of genetic advance was showed by cloves per bulb followed by weight of 50 cloves, marketable yield and weight of 20 bulbs. High values of heritability, GCV and genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for cloves per bulb, weight of 50 cloves, marketable yield, and weight of 20 bulbs. The analysis of variance revealed significant divergence among the thirty two garlic advance lines for different traits, indicating sufficient genetic diversity among the cultivars. The cluster-VII had highest value of plant height (109.11 cm), gross yield (239.19 q ha-1) and minimum stemphylium intensity (2.08%). Cluster VI was promising for leaves per plant (9.51), bulb size index (15.88 cm2), weight of 20 bulbs (0.696 g) and marketable yield (159.05 q/ha). Cluster X was observed to be promising for bulb diameter (4.63 cm), clove diameter (1.33 cm), clove size index (3.58 cm2) and weight of 50 cloves (85.0 g). Therefore, it is suggested that selection of genotypes based upon the large cluster distances from all the clusters may lead to broad spectrum favorable genetic variability for bulb yield improvement.
 
Organogenesis in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)
Get PDFHigh frequency organogenesis was achieved in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) using hypocotyl explants from in vitro germinated seedlings. Both cytokinins, benzylaminopurine and kinetin induced shoot regeneration but the effect of benzylaminopurine was more pronounced. High frequency shoot regeneration (45 shoots explant-1) was obtained on benzylaminopurine 1 mg l-1. Both cytokinins were also tested in combination with auxins (naphthaleneacetic acid/indoleacetic acid). Interaction of benzylaminopurine/kinetin with naphthaleneacetic acid/indoleacetic acid increased the length of regenerated shoots. Different kinds of callus morphology was observed but it had no relationship with regeneration potential. The regenerated plants were normal and healthy.
 
Influence of sheep manure, vermicompost and biofertilizer on growth, yield and profitability of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) production
Get PDFA field study on effect of various sources of organic manure (sheep manure and vermi compost) with and without biofertilizer (Azotobacter sp.) on performance of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) was conducted at Ajmer (Rajasthan) during rabi 2003, 2004 and 2005. Application of biofertilizer alone as well as in combination with sheep manure, vermicompost and recommended doses of fertilizer resulted in higher growth, yield attributes and yield over absolute control. The association of biofertilizers with all sources of nutrients proved beneficial and resulted in higher growth and yield. Application of recommended doses of fertilizer with seed inoculation by biofertilizer proved to be superior for realizing higher net return and benefit:cost ratio.
 
Chilling injury of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) in high altitudes of Sikkim and Darjeeling, India
Get PDFManifestations of cold temperature damage on large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) was monitored at Pangthang (2160 m MSL), East Sikkim during the winter seasons (October–March) of 2006–10. Damage to plant tissues, mainly leaves, occurred during prolonged cold wave conditions (below 6oC) that prevailed during December–February. Tiny pin prick like water soaked lesions appeared on the lamina, coalescing to form a large patch that died and turned pale brownish and served as infection court for fungal pathogens. Extreme frosting on leaves was more common in exposed areas without shade trees.
 
Effect of pre- and post-harvest treatments on yield, quality and post-harvest shelf life of king chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) under foothill conditions of Nagaland (India)
Get PDFField and laboratory experiments were carried out at Medziphema (Nagaland) to evaluate the effect of pre- and post-harvest treatments on yield, quality and post-harvest life of King chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacquin) under foothill conditions of Nagaland. Highest fresh yield (13.65 t ha-1) and capsaicin content (819421.13 SHU) of fruits were recorded with application of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (40 ppm). Maximum vitamin C content (115.67 mg 100g-1 of fruit) was recorded with application of Ethrel 250 ppm. Lowest physiological loss in weight (2.55%) and change in fruit colour (10%), highest value of ascorbic acid content (120.5 mg 100 g-1 of fruit) and longest shelflife (9 days) were recorded at 9th day after storage in calcium chloride (0.5%) treated fruits, packed in non-perforated bags and stored under refrigeration at 5oC.
 
Management of leaf spot of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) incited by Colletotrichum capsici through fungicides
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted at Kammarpally (Andhra Pradesh) to evaluate the efficacy of four fungicides viz., Propiconazole (0.1%), Hexaconazole (0.1%), Tricyclazole (0.1%) and Carbendazim + Mancozeb (0.1%) for the management of leaf spot disease (Colletotrichum capsici) of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Rhizome treatment with Carbendazim + Mancozeb (0.1%) gave the best results for germination (90.52%) and rhizome treatment and foliar application of Propiconazole (0.1%) at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP) were significantly superior in reducing the disease index (20.01%) of leaf spot disease and increasing the fresh rhizome yield (17.13 t ha-1) as compared to other fungicides tested. The high cost – benefit ratio was achieved in rhizome treatment and foliar application of Carbendazim + Mancozeb at 45 and 90 DAP (1:1.92).