Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Influence of FYM and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure on plant growth and seed quality of isabgol in a hot arid region. Plant growth parameters viz., plant height, number of tillers plant-1 and dry matter accumulation was significantly higher with NPK + FYM as compared to other treatments. Yield attributes such as spike length, number of spikes plant-1 and number of grains spike-1 were also significantly higher with NPK + FYM. Highest grain (13.40 q ha-1) and straw (30.21 q ha-1) yield was obtained with the application of NPK + FYM, which was at par with NPK + Zn. Application of NPK + FYM recorded the highest N, P and K contents. However, highest Zn content was observed with NPK + Zn. The highest protein content in grain (12.43%) and straw (5.13%) was found with the treatment NPK + FYM, which was at par with NPK + Zn. The results clearly showed that the application of inorganic fertilizers significantly increase isabgol yield, nutrient content and grain quality when applied with organic manure as compared to sole application of inorganic fertilizers.
 
Performance of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes for growth and yield parameters in eastern dry zone of Karnataka
Get PDFThe present experiment was undertaken to evaluate 24 chilli genotypes for different growth and yield parameters. The genotype ‘Chikballapur Local’ was found to have maximum plant height (118.6 cm) and plant spread (0.481 m2) while, genotype ‘Sankeshwar’ recorded higher number of primary branches plant-1 (7.47) and maximum fruit length (14.61 cm). Genotype ‘Byadgi Dabbi’ registered maximum fruit diameter (1.60 cm), pericarp weight (0.80 g), stalk weight (0.14 g) and number of seeds fruit-1 (98.42). The higher number of fruits plant-1 (186.30) and dry fruit yield (97.33 g plant-1) were recorded in the genotype ‘Sankeshwar’ followed by genotype LCA-206.
 
Spatio-temporal growth of garlic and onion crops in Gujarat
Get PDFThe growth in area, production and yield of onion and garlic in different districts of Gujarat was studied. The secondary data for the period from 1990–91 to 2007–08 was collected and analyzed. The annual area, production and productivity of onion significantly increased at the rate of 6.50%, 9.96% and 0.68%, respectively. In case of garlic, the annual growth was 2.98%, 4.61% and 1.52%, respectively.
 
Efficacy of indigenous Trichoderma isolates for the management of cumin wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini) in Rajasthan
Get PDFSixteen Trichoderma isolates from soils under cumin, identified as Trichoderma harzianum, T. koningiopsis and T. asperllum showed variation in their colony morphology as well as degree of inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini. In the field experiment, all Trichoderma isolates were tested as seed treatment and soil application on cumin cultivar RZ 209. The result showed that T. asperllum (CuTa7-02, CuTa3-01), T. koningiopsis (CuTk7-01) and T. harzianum (CuTh9-02, CuTh3-03, CuTh8-01) significantly reduced wilt incidence (58-85%) and can be used as biological components in integrated management of cumin Fusarium wilt.
 
Morphological variability, mycelial compatibility and fungicidal sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing leaf spot of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Get PDFColletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates causing leaf spot of ginger were collected from diverse agroecological regions of Kodagu, Hassan, Shimoga and Chikmagalur districts of Karnataka (KAG 1-6) and Idukki and Wayanad districts of Kerala (KLG 1-3). Diversity analysis of the isolates revealed existence of considerable variability in the field populations of the leaf spot pathogen. Colour of the colony varied from white to dull grey and considerable variation was observed in the growth rate of the isolates. The conidial shapes varied with regions and were cylindrical with tapering ends, cylindrical, elliptical or dumbbell, whereas, most of the isolates belonged to cylindrical with tapering ends category. The appressoria were either unlobed, single lobed or multilobed. The size of conidia and appressoria ranged from 12.2-18.3 × 6.1-6.9 μM and 9.0-14.8 × 6.2-11.0 μM, respectively. Mycelial compatibility studies among the nine isolates revealed that, the isolate, KLG 3, originating from Kerala was most compatible with other isolates, while KLG 1 and KAG 6 exhibited a highly incompatible reaction. Microscopic observations to study the process involved in compatible reaction showed the aggregation of hyphae at region of contact, fusion of hyphae (formation of ‘H’ – like structure) and subsequent generation and growth of new hyphae from the point of contact. Among the fungicides tested at recommended dosages, propiconazole was found to be promising followed by carbendazim + mancozeb. The present study indicated that leaf spot caused by C. gloeosporioides is emerging as a major foliar disease in the ginger growing tracts.
 
Wax coating affects postharvest shelf-life of non-cooled sweet pepper
Get PDFInvestigations were carried out to determine the effect of wax coating on physical and quality parameters in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cv. Indra under ambient storage (25±5 oC). Wax coating with carnauba wax at 2% produced the lowest physiological loss of weight (PLW), and increased shelf-life, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar content and ascorbic acid. Wax concentration of > 2% coating had little or no effect, on physical and biochemical characters. This suggested that 2% wax coating increased the shelf life, while concentration of > 2% did not enhance its shelf life.
 
Effect of weed and nitrogen management on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) yield and economics
Get PDFField experiments were carried out during rabi 2007–08 and 2008–09 to evaluate the effect of different weed management measures and nitrogen (N) application on yield and economics of coriander. Results revealed that two hand weedings (HW) at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) produced the highest seed and straw yields (13.71 and 25.83 q ha-1). The highest net returns (Rs. 55841 ha-1) and B : C ratio (2.39) were also obtained under this treatment. However, it was found to be at par with pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 + HW at 40 DAS, wherein seed and straw yields of 13.61 and 25.57 q ha-1, respectively were obtained. The highest harvest index of 35.01% as well as the lowest mean weed index of 0.7%, were also observed under pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 + HW at 40 DAS. Results further revealed that application of N at 75 kg ha-1 significantly increased the seed yield to the extent of 11.9%, 32.7% and 84.3% and net returns by Rs. 7915, Rs. 18366 and Rs. 34536 ha-1 over 50, 25 kg N ha-1 and control, respectively. Correlation studies revealed that seed yield of coriander was significantly and positively correlated with growth and yield attributing characters and nutrient uptake by crop. Based on the response studies, 64.75 kg ha-1 was found to be the optimum level of N for coriander.
 
Growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) as influenced by planting time and fertility levels
Get PDFThis study was carried out to evaluate the growth, yield and quality of turmeric as influenced by dates of planting and fertility levels. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four dates of planting (first fortnight of May (D1), second fortnight of May (D2), first fortnight of June (D3) and second fortnight of June (D4) in main plots, four fertility levels (NPK @ 0:0:0 kg ha-1 (F0), NPK @ 125:25:30 kg ha-1 (F1), NPK @ 150:50:60 kg ha-1 (F2) and NPK @ 175:75:90 kg ha-1 (F3) in sub plots and two varieties [Rajendra Haldi-5 (V1) and Rajendra Sonia (V2)] in ultimate plots. Yield attributes i.e. weight of primary, secondary and mother rhizomes, number of primary and secondary rhizomes, fresh rhizome yield clump-1 and yield ha-1 were found to be significantly higher when planted during first fortnight of June. Fertility levels imparted significant effect on plant height, number of tillers clump-1, weight of primary, secondary and mother rhizomes, length of mother rhizome, number of primary and secondary rhizomes, fresh weight of rhizome clump-1 and yield. These parameters were significantly higher in F2. Among the varieties, Rajendra Sonia performed better with regard to plant height, number of tillers clump-1, weight of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, length of mother rhizomes, number of primary and secondary rhizomes, fresh rhizome weight clump-1 and yield. Among the interactions, Rajendra Sonia supplied with NPK @ 175:75:90 kg ha-1 produced higher yield and was at par with F2V2 (NPK @ 150:50:60 kg ha-1 + Rajendra Sonia).
 
Effect of potassium on growth and yield of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.]
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted for two years to study the influence of amount and method of potassium (K) application on growth, herbage yield, oil yield and potassium uptake of patchouli in a semi-arid tropical climate. The results revealed that application of 41.5 kg K ha-1 produced significantly higher plant height, plant spread, herbage and oil yield over control (no fertilizer). The increase in herbage yield, oil yield and K uptake was 118.8%, 52.8% and 18.8% higher, respectively over control. Application of potassium in two splits (½ basal + ½ after 60 days) also significantly increased plant height, plant spread, and increased the herbage yield, oil yield and K uptake by 32.2%, 37.9% and 33.2%, respectively over basal application. Oil content was not influenced by amount and method of K application.
 
Cluster analysis based on biochemical constituents in paprika like chillies (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFChillies and paprika like chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) belonging to Solanaceae, is a source of natural colour, widely used in the food industry and is in great demand in the international market. Twenty-four accessions belonging to Indigenous Collections of Byadagi Dabbi (ICBD) and others were analyzed for biochemical constituents from leaf. Biochemical constituents studied were total carbohydrate, starch, reducing sugars, total free amino acids, phenol and protein. The accessions were compared for the isozymes viz., peroxidase, super oxide dismutase and poly phenol oxidase in the leaf, besides, leaf protein using SDS-PAGE. The dendrogram showing the relationship among the accessions for leaf biochemical constituents and colour value of fruits formed six clusters. Colour value ranged from 109 to 353 ASTA units. The accessions ICBD-11 and ICBD-19 possessed highest colour value. Accession ICBD-24 was distinctly different from others. Accessions in each cluster had almost uniform colour value and uniform isozyme profile. The accession ICBD-24 was a Coorg collection and ICBD-11 and ICBD-19 were from Dharwad district of Karnataka. Significant positive correlation was observed between colour value and total free amino acids, total protein, total phenol and polyphenol oxidase in paprika like chillies.