Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Antioxidant activity assay of stem and in vitro callusing of Tinospora cordifolia (Miers.)
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to study the antioxidant potential among different hosts of Tinospora cordifolia. The results indicated that the among the different hosts of T. cordifolia, Ficus religiosa had highest phenol content (5.25 mg g-1), inhibition activity (52.05%) and reducing capability as compared to others. F. religiosa showed the highest antioxidant activity of 41.73 μM Fe (II) g-1. EC50 value for lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was 0.1mg mL-1 for all the samples. EC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging activity was 0.6 mg mL-1 for F. religiosa. This results suggested that the active antioxidant compounds were higher in F. religiosa as compared to Roystonea regia. There was a direct correlation between the total polyphenols extracted and anti-oxidant activity. Among the various explants of F. religiosa, leaf explants were found to be superior for in vitro callus induction.
 
Optimizing the date of transplanting to increase seed yield and quality in davana (Artemisia pallens Wall.ex.D.C.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of date of transplanting on growth, yield and seed quality attributes of davana. The experiment was laid out with five different dates of transplanting viz., October 15th, November 1st, November 15th, December 1st and December 15th with the spacing of 15 cm × 7.5 cm. The results revealed that the seedlings transplanted on 15th November recorded the maximum number of branches plant-1 (26), herbage yield plot-1 (1064.39 g), seed yield plant-1 (9.01 g), seed yield plot-1 (112.66 g), resultant seed germination (64%) and vigour index (168) whereas the seedlings transplanted on December 15th recorded the minimum number of branches plant-1 (20), herbage yield plot-1 (799.62 g), seed yield plant-1 (6.33 g), seed yield plot-1 (79.08 g) and the seedlings transplanted on October 15th recorded 61% seed germination and vigour index of 145.
 
Planting methods, subsurface drip fertigation and bioinoculants on growth and productivity of vetiver [Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash]
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of three planting methods, (planting in coconut husk mulched trenches, planting in coconut husk lined trenches and planting on the ridges), two levels of fertigation (subsurface drip fertigation and without fertigation) and two levels of bioinoculants (combined application of bioinoculants and without bioinoculant) on growth and productivity of vetiver. The study revealed that planting vetiver slips in coconut husk lined trenches could considerably increase vegetative growth, root yield, net returns and B: C ratio. Subsurface drip fertigation and combined application of bioinoculants with Azospirillum, Fluorescent pseudomonads and AM fungi showed positive effect on growth characters and root yield. However, subsurface drip fertigation was not effective in increasing net income.
 
Economic feasibility of weed management practices in nigella (Nigella sativa L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to find out the suitable and economical method of weed control in nigella. Based on two year study, it was found that besides weed free treatment, significantly higher plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of leaves, number of nodes and dry matter accumulation plant-1 (at 60 days after sowing (DAS), 90 DAS and at harvest) were recorded with the pre-emergence application of oxadiargyl @ 75 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 45 DAS and pendimethalin @ 1 kg ha-1 + one hand weeding at 45 DAS. Similarly, yield attributes like number of siliqua plant-1, number of seeds siliqua-1, siliqua size and test weight as well as seed and straw yields of nigella were also higher with these two treatments. Besides weed free treatment, lower dry weight of weed at harvest, weed index with highest weed control efficiency was obtained under pre- emergence (PE) application of oxadiargyl @ 75 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 45 DAS. The Highest gross returns and net returns were obtained in weed free treatment followed by effective control of weed with pre -emergence application of oxadiargyl @ 75 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 45 DAS but highest B: C ratio (2.62) was recorded with preemergence application of oxadiargyl @ 75 g ha-1 + one hand weeding at 45 DAS.
 
Effect of organic manures on the performance of ginger under Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka
Get PDFA field trial was conducted to assess the effect of different organic manures on the performance of ginger cv. Humnabad. Higher growth, yield and quality attributes were observed in the treatment receiving FYM (25 t ha-1) along with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (100 : 50 : 50 kg NPK ha-1) followed by poultry manure (5 t ha-1) along with RDF. Among the treatments, significantly higher fresh rhizome yield was recorded in FYM + RDF (16.52 t ha-1) followed by poultry manure (5 t ha-1) + RDF (16.23 t ha-1) and press mud (10 t ha-1) + RDF (15.47 t ha-1). Net returns per ha ranged between Rs. 1.30 lakh (FYM+RDF) and Rs. 0.48 lakh (Neem cake @ 2 t ha-1).
 
Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrients availability and uptake by black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) in Tarai region of Uttarakhand
Get PDFExperiments were conducted to quantify the effect of integrated nutrient management on soil health and black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.). The treatments were, no chemical fertilizer and organic manure (control) [T1], recommended (rec.) NPK (i.e. 100:50:50 kg ha-1) [T2], 75% rec. NPK +2.5t vermicompost (VC) [T3], 50% rec. NPK + 5.0t VC (T4), 25% rec. NPK + 7.5t VC (T5), VC 10t (T6), rec. NPK + Biofertilizers (BF) [T7], 75% rec. NPK + 2.5t VC + BF (T8), 50% rec. NPK + 5.0t VC + BF (T9), 25% rec. NPK + 7.5t VC + BF (T10), 10t VC + BF (T11) and BF [Azotobacter & Phosphorus Solublizing Bacteria (PSB)]. Highest herbage yield was obtained with application of T8 during both the years. Integrated application of inorganic fertilizers and organic sources of nutrients increased the N, P, K content and their uptake. Highest available N and K content in soil was observed with T2 during 2008–09, while during 2009–10, the maximum available N content in soil was observed with T8. Highest N uptake was observed with T6, while highest P and K uptake was recorded with T8 during both the years.
 
Determination of thermal properties of cryo- ground cinnamon powder
Get PDFIn this study, thermal properties, viz., specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, of cryo- ground cinnamon powder (var. Navasree) were investigated. Cinnamon samples were ground using a cryogenic grinder at low temperature (generally below -50°C) using liquid nitrogen (LN2), having a grinder speed of 12000 rpm and 1 kg h-1 feed rate. The specific heat varied from 46.60-58.04 kJ kg-1°C within the temperature and moisture ranges of -100 - 100°C and 6.4-19.0% dry basis, respectively. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity varied from 0.055 to 0.884 W m-1°C and 0.35 × 10-8 - 7.23 × 10-8 m2 s-1, respectively in the temperature and moisture ranges of -40-60°C and 6.4-19.0% db. The specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity showed quadratic relationships with temperature and moisture content and were significantly affected by moisture and temperature at 5% level of significance.
 
Effect of plant geometry on rabi and kharif onion production
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant geometry on production of onion bulbs during rabi 2008–09 and kharif–2009. Eight week old seedlings of variety Agrifound Light Red in Rabi and seven week old seedlings of variety Agrifound Dark Red in kharif were transplanted in raised beds during the last week of December in rabi and August in kharif in different geometry i.e. S1- Normal planting 15 cm × 10 cm whole bed, straight row, S2-Zig zag planting 2 rows 30 cm × 10 cm whole bed, S3- Straight strip planting 10 cm × 10 cm (one strip 4 rows between strip 30 cm), S4-Zig zag strip planting 20 cm × 10 cm (one strip 4 rows between strip 30 cm) and S5-Paired row planting 30 cm × 10 cm (2 rows between pair 20 cm. Rabi data revealed that significantly higher equatorial bulb diameter (5.61 cm), polar diameter (3.93 cm), bulb size index (22.07 cm2), and 20 bulb weight (1.38 kg) were noted in S5 and was at par with S4 (5.59 cm), (3.90 cm), (21.87 cm2) and (1.33 kg), respectively. Treatment S5 showed highest total soluble solids (12%) and dry matter content (14%). Significantly highest gross yield (305 q ha-1) and marketable yield (291 q ha-1) were noted in S5 and was at par with S4 (302 q ha-1) and (205 q ha-1), respectively. In kharif, highest plant height (61.00 cm) was observed for S5-Paired row planting 30 cm × 10 cm (2 rows between pair 20 cm) which was, however, at par with S1-Normal planting 15 cm × 10 cm whole bed, straight row, and S4-Zig zag strip planting 20 cm × 10 cm (one strip 4 rows between strip 30 cm). The highest equatorial bulb diameter (5.42 cm), polar diameter (4.12 cm), 20 bulbs weight (1.18 kg) and bulb size index (22.28 cm2) were noted in S5- Paired row planting 30 cm × 10 cm (2 rows between pair 20 cm). The minimum thrips incidence (58 %) and number of thrips per plant (3) were noted in S5- Paired row planting 30 cm × 10 cm (2 rows between pair 20 cm). Highest and significant gross yield (226 q ha-1) and marketable yield (207 q ha-1) were noted in S5. It is concluded from the experiment that S5-Paired row planting 30 cm × 10 cm (2 rows between pair 20 cm) gave better results over other geometry in rabi as well as in kharif.
 
Response of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) to irrigation and mulching
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of irrigation levels and mulching on performance of fennel. Results indicated that application of six irrigations significantly increased the plant height, number of branches plant-1, total chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation per metre row length, number of umbels plant-1, umbellets umbel-1, seeds umbellet-1 as well as seed, stover and biological yield of fennel compared to four and five irrigations. However, it remained at par with seven irrigations. Results further revealed that application of straw mulch significantly increased number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation per metre row length, number of umbellets umbel-1 and yields (seed, stover and biological) over control, dust and plastic mulches. Plant height and number of umbels plant-1 increased significantly with straw mulch as compared to control and dust mulch, but remained at par with plastic mulch. However, in respect of number of seeds umbellet-1, straw, plastic and dust mulch gave similar results.
 
Response of Trigonella foenum-graecum to organic manures and Rhizobium inoculation in a Typic Haplustept
Get PDFField experiments carried out to study the effect of organic manures and Rhizobium on performance of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) revealed that germination was hastened by the application of organic manures [Vermicompost (VC), Sheep manure (SM) and Farmyard manure (FYM)] and seed inoculation with Rhizobium. Plant height and number of branches were higher with FYM. However, there was no significant variation in days to flower initiation and complete flowering. Yield and yield attributes i.e. number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and seed test weight were maximum with FYM. Application of manures and Rhizobium inoculation enhanced the seed yield. Per cent seed yield increase with Rhizobium inoculation, sheep manure, vermi-compost and FYM was 11.45, 22.91, 20.83 and 35.41, respectively. Harvest Index and protein content were highest with FYM.