Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops
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Evaluation of nutrient management for better growth, yield and economics of fenugreek
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient management combinations in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Growth as well as seed and straw yields of fenugreek were significantly influenced by different treatments. Application of recommended dose through inorganic form (50%) + neem cake @ 638 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium melilotii + phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) recorded the highest plant height of 34.98 cm, leaves of 82.35 and branches of 5.5 at the final harvest stage. This treatment also recorded significantly highest straw yields. The maximum seed yield, net returns and benefit cost ratio were obtained in the combination of 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + poultry manure (PM) @1000 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium melilotii + phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB).
 
Influence of pinching and plant growth regulators on flowering, yield and economics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of pinching and plant growth regulators on flowering and seed yield of fenugreek cv. APHU Methi-1. Minimum time to 50% flowering and seed maturity and maximum test weight were recorded with no pinching (P0) treatment. Single pinching at 25 days after sowing (DAS) (P1) recorded significantly maximum number of pods, length of pod, number of seeds pod-1 and seed yield. Among the plant growth regulators, foliar spray of GA3 50 ppm (G1) thrice (25, 45 and 65 DAS) resulted in best performance of the yield parameters like number of pods plant-1, length of pod, number of seeds pod-1 and seed yield plant-1. Early flower initiation and early maturity was observed with application of GA3 75 ppm (G2). Among the interactions of pinching and plant growth regulators (PGRs), the treatment combination of no pinching with application of GA3 50 ppm (P0G1) resulted in maximum test weight. Maximum yield attributes like number of pods plant-1, length of pod and seed yield plant-1 were recorded with single pinching at 25 DAS and application of GA3 50 ppm (P1G1). However, pinching at 25 DAS with application of NAA 50 ppm (P1G3) gave highest B: C ratio (1.88).
 
Genotype and phenotype variability studies in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) accessions in Kaffa Zone, South West Ethiopia
Get PDFThe present investigation was conducted on 36 geographically diverse Ethiopian accessions of fenugreek with an objective to study the extent of genetic and phenotypic variation among yield and its related traits. The accessions differed significantly for most of the characters and exhibited a relatively wide range. These characters indicated existence of variation among the tested accessions. High GCV was only observed in number of secondary branches per plant. High PCV were observed in number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seeds weight. High heritability values were observed in the number of seed per pod (63.1%), plant height (65.3%), biological yield per plot (80.1%), seed yield per plot (89.0%), day to maturity (80.8%), and day to flowering (71.4%). High genetic advance was observed for days to maturity, number of pod per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, biological yield and seed yield per plot. Seed yield per plot had positive and significant genotypic correlations with all traits except days to 50% flowering and plant height. Seed yield per plot had positive and significant phenotypic association with number of primary branches and plant height at maturity. This study revealed that there is good scope of concurrent improvement in yield by exploiting the Ethiopian germplasm of fenugreek.
 
Analysis of medicinally important compounds and anti-oxidant activity in solvent extracts of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plant parts
Get PDFTotal phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of crude extract of seeds, roots, stem and leaves of coriander plant were determined. Maximum phenolic content (62.6 and 50.141 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g-1 extract) was observed in distilled water extract of fresh and dried roots followed by methanol extract (49.53 and 47.32 mg in green and dried stem respectively). Ethyl acetate extract showed more phenolics in dried stem (12.734 mg GAE g-1 extract) and leaves (8.62 mg GAE g-1 extract) as compared to green stem and leaves (1.808 and 5.433 mg, respectively). Distribution of flavonoids content in different green as well as dried plant parts and different solvents showed less variation in phenolic and flavonoid contents which ranged from a maximum of 9.843 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) g-1 extract in green seeds to a minimum of 4.40 mg in green stem. 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazin scavenging as a measure of antioxidant capacity was more in distilled water extract of green stem (94.49%) followed by methanol crude extract (76.256%) and ethyl acetate extract (59.706%).
 
Evaluation of coriander germplasm for yield and powdery mildew resistance
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted during rabi to identify coriander lines resistant to powdery mildew and high yield. Twelve entries were included for evaluation with one each of national check as well as local check. The result showed that out of 12, four lines were found susceptible to disease and remaining were moderately resistant. In the present study coriander line Cor-31 (DH220) produced the highest yield 1021.53 kg ha-1 with moderate resistant reaction against powdery mildew. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and apparent rate of infection (r) values were 502.24 and 0.035, respectively.
 
In vitro evaluation of fungal endophytes of black pepper against Phytophthora capsici and Radopholus similis
Get PDFExperiment on in vitro screening of 125 endophytic fungi of black pepper against Phytophthora capsici indicated that 23 isolates showed more than 50% inhibition. The nematicidal activity of metabolites from endophytic fungi was also tested on Radopholus similis and the isolate BPEF73 (Daldinia eschscholtzii) showed highest mortality up to 60%. The isolates showing biocontrol potential were characterized based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions of rDNA. The sequence analysis of the isolates showed maximum identity with Annulohypoxylon nitens (BPEF25 and BPEF38), Daldinia eschscholtzii (BPEF41 and BPEF73), Fusarium spp. (BPEF72 and BPEF75), Ceriporia lacerata (BPEF81), Diaporthe sp. (BPEF11) and Phomopsis sp. (BPEF83). This is first report of endophytic association of above fungi in black pepper and the exploitation of their biocontrol potential against the major black pepper pathogens P. capsici and R. similis.
 
Effect of cryogenic grinding on phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed extract
Get PDFEffect of cryogenic grinding on oil content, total phenolics, flavonoid content and anti-oxidant properties of seed extract of three fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) genotypes AM 1, RMt 1 and RMt 305 have been analyzed. Oil content was 37.36% more in cryogenically ground sample of genotype AM 1. Yield of methanol crude seed extract was 76.75% more in cryo ground sample of genotype AM 1. Total phenolic content (TPC) was also high in cryo ground samples of all three genotypes. It ranged from a minimum of 75.72 mg in RMt 1 to a maximum of 94.03 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 crude seed extract in genotype AM 1. Similarly total flavanoid content (TFC) was also increased in all cryogenically ground samples and ranged from 17.75 mg in RMt 305 to 26.37mg quercetin equivalents g-1 crude seed extract in genotype AM 1. Methanol crude seed extract of all genotypes were evaluated for its antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant content (AOC), 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazin (DPPH) free radical scavenging % and EC50 value. The amount of total antioxidant content in cryo ground seeds was significantly high in all genotypes ranging from 9.32 mg in genotype RMt 1 to 11.08 mg butyl hydroxyl toluene (BHT) Equivalent g-1 crude seed extract in RMt 305. DPPH scavenging % was invariably more in cryo ground seeds in all three genotypes. Higher concentration of antioxidant content and DPPH scavenging % suggested high antioxidant activity in cryo ground samples.
 
Weed management in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) at varying levels of nitrogen
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of weed control treatments and nitrogen (N) levels on weed dynamics, weed control efficiency, nutrient depletion by weeds, yield of coriander and weed competition index. All the weed control treatments significantly reduced the density and dry weight of weeds and nutrient depletion as compared to weedy check. Oxadiargyl at 0.06 kg ha-1 + hand weeding (HW) at 40 days after sowing (DAS) represented the lowest weed density and controlled the weeds to the extent of 94.9%. Two hand weedings done at 20 and 40 DAS and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 + HW at 40 DAS were found to be the most superior treatments in reducing density, intensity and dry weight of weeds and increasing weed control efficiency. These treatments controlled the weeds to the extent of 95.1% and 95.4%, respectively at harvest stage than weedy check and showed lower weed infestation of 17.4 and 18.1%, respectively. The lowest nutrient depletion due to weeds was obtained with pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 + HW at 40 DAS treatment which saved 54.80 kg N, 8.31 kg P and 49.22 kg K ha-1, respectively than weedy check. Two HWs at 20 and 40 DAS and oxadiargyl at 0.06 kg ha-1 + HW at 40 DAS also reduced the nutrient depletion to the extent of 94.8 and 94.5% of N; 95.0 and 94.7% of P and 94.9 and 94.6% of K, respectively in comparison to weedy check. Two hand weeding treatment gave the highest seed yield (1.37 t ha-1) among all the treatments and was closely followed by pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 + HW at 40 DAS which also increased the seed yield by a margin of 0.84 t ha-1 over weedy check, and registered the lowest weed competition index of 0.7%.
 
A study on curcuminoid profile of Curcuma longa L. varieties as affected by processing method
Get PDFAn attempt was made to understand the variation in the curcuminoid profile of turmeric varieties. Eight cultivars namely, Local (check), IISR-Alleppey Supreme, IISR-Kedaram, IISR-Prabha, IISRPrathibha, Suvarna, Suguna and Sudharshana were utilized for the study. Curcuminoid content of fresh, dried and cured varieties after methanolic extraction and quantification through HPLC revealed that Local (check) turmeric in fresh form was significantly superior in curcuminoid content. IISR-Prabha and IISR-Prathibha in dry and cured form respectively, also exhibited high curcuminoid content.
 
Pulsed microwave assisted hot air drying of nutmeg mace for better colour retention
Get PDFA study was conducted on application of novel drying technology for better color retention of mace. Pulsed microwave assisted hot air drying was investigated at three different power levels 0.5 kW, 1 kW and 1.445 kW with 30 seconds pulsation at a hot air temperature of 45°C and the color values of mace were compared with the market and fresh sample using colorimeter. Further, the major flavor compound, myristicin in mace was analysed.