Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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A Comparative Review of the Beef Carcass Classification Systems of Selected African Countries with the Red Meat Classification System Found in the European Union
No full textBeef carcass classification represents an assurance to the consumer that the meat conforms to established set of official standards according to consumer demands and expectations. Most beef carcass grading systems combine both the grades for quality (carcass maturity, fatness, conformation, carcass defects) and quantity (expected yield). However, there is scarcity of documented information on the existing beef classification systems among some African countries. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the heterogeneity of the existing beef grading systems in selected African countries. The criteria used in beef carcass classification systems of these African countries were examined in the present study, and compared with the European Union red meat classification system. The results of this review indicated lack of uniformity in beef carcass classification systems among the selected African countries. In addition, the results show that at the moment some African countries have not adopted an objective system of beef carcass grading. Therefore, the existing red meat classification system using non-objective visual assessment of beef carcasses could be biased. The use of objective quality indices/attributes is recommended as a form of an improvement that will be aligned with consumer expectations
Assessment of Productivity and Income Generation from Rural Agricultural Systems in the Mid-country Wet Zone of Sri Lanka - A Case Study
No full textMajority of the rural population in the wet mid elevations in Sri Lanka are predominantly engaged in Kandyan Homegardening (KHG) and smallholder tea cultivations (TS). Reports indicate that recent developments in this region are very low due to marketing, extension and production issues. The study was conducted to evaluate the recent changes in the agricultural productivity and other socio economic parameters of the households in a selected village belonging to Yatinuwara Divisional Secretariat in 2017. Information on social and family status, agricultural systems and income generation of a sample households (65%) were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results revealed that there was a trend of leaving agriculture by the young generation, resulting in just a 58.4% of the males (predominantly middle aged and old) for agriculture, mostly on part-time basis. Low percentage of women involvement in agricultural livelihoods clearly indicated their potential engagements in agricultural livelihoods in the future, bringing about a good solution for their unemployment issue. Nearly 76% families were engaged with KHGs whereas 36% and 7% were involved in TS and other cropping systems, respectively. The livestock sector was very much at a diminishing phase, limiting only to 7.8% of the households. The highest annual income was recorded by the TS, compared to KHG farmers. This could be justified with lower productivity of KHGs (compared to potential productivity of its major crop components). Majority of the households (38.2%) belongs to the lowest annual income category of less than Sri Lankan Rupees (LKR.) 50,000 (from agriculture). Hence a boost in agriculture will be an urgent need for improving the financial status and the living standards of the villagers. The outcome of the survey will be an eye-opening for policy makers and the institutional setup that are mandated for rural development in Sri Lanka
Use of In vitro Technique in Predicting In vivo Response of Poultry to Enzyme Supplementation
No full textThe need for rapid test in evaluation of feedstuffs in poultry nutrition cannot be overemphasized. Such test must however be able to replace exactly the response in the animal concern. This study was conducted to determine the suitability of In vitro technique in predicting the In vivo response of poultry to enzyme supplemented feedstuffs. Rice husk was used in a Completely Randomized Design with individual and cocktail of enzymes for both In vitro and In vivo trials. Three exogenous enzymes namely a xylanase, a multipurpose and a phytase were used individually, pairwise and altogether with the feedstuff to constitute the treatments namely T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, and T8. Each treatment was replicated thrice for both In vitro and In vivo trials. The In vitro trial was done to simulate the chicken digestive system while the In vivo trial was done using the intubation method. Parameters measured for both trials were digestibility values for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and fiber fractions. All data collected were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance procedure and treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Correlation analysis was carried out to compare the results of both trials. Results show that enzymes individually and as cocktails significantly improved the digestibility of parameters for both In vitro and In vivo trials. Cocktails of enzymes were significantly better than the individual enzymes for dry matter and crude fiber digestibility for both In vitro and In vivo trials. Correlation analysis shows positive correlation (r=0.99, r=0.96, r=0.94, r= 0.86, r=0.78) between In vitro and In vivo trials in most of digestibility values for the rice husk. It was concluded that In vitro trial can be used as both criterion and replacement for In vivo trial when determining the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in poultry nutrition
Analysis of Fish Consumption Pattern among Kogi State University Students, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
No full textThis study analyzed the pattern of fish consumption among Kogi State University students in Anyigba. It described the socio- economic characteristics of respondents, determine the effects of socio-economic characteristics on fish consumption, describe the types, forms, reasons for fish consumption and identify the constraints affecting fish consumption among the respondents. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 150 respondents. Well structured questionnaire coupled with interview scheduled were used to elicit primary data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics, binary logit regression and 3- point likert scale were used for data analyzing. The results showed that majority (60%) of the respondents were female, 72% were unmarried with an average household size of 3 persons and average income of N 20, 000 per month. Their sources of income were from parents and guardians. The result of the binary logit regression indicated that age (-1.21), income (0.99), price (-0.19), taste (0.65), health benefit (2.31) and price of substitute (0.68) influenced the consumption of fish at 1%, 5% and 10% level of significant respectively. The types of fish consumed were majorly mackerel fish (45.33%), followed by tuna (27.34%). Iced fish were mostly (40%) consumed, followed by 20.67% steamed fish and 7.33% were consumed in grilled form. 43.33% consumed fish for health benefits, 24% consumed fish due to affordability and 14% consumed fish due to availability. Among the constraints facing fish consumption were allergy, proximity, storage and cost with mean score of 2.37, 2.16, 2.10, 2.36 and 2.38 respectively. Thus, fish and fish products were mostly consumed by the respondents with high consumption rate recorded by the female students. The prices of fish should be stabilized, adequate cold storage facilities should be purchased by the fish mongers and the university Fishery department should expand their ponds for efficient production
Self-Pollinated (Geinotogami) of Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb. Type Udang
No full textAims: The research aimed to study the ability of natural and artificial self-pollinated (Geitonogamy) of gambir.
Study Design: Experimental method consisted of determining the sample plants. Sampling determination was conducted by non probability sampling, purposive sampling.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in the UPT Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang from September 2019 to December 2019
Methodology: an experimental method consisted of determining the sample plants, conducting natural and artificial geitonogamy self-pollinated systems, observing sample plants, collecting data based on the experiment, and sample-testing in the laboratory. Sample determination selected by non-probabilistic sampling with purposive sampling method. Observation included percentage of pollination, percentage of fertilization, number of fruit formed, pollen fertility and sterility
Results: Data observations were analyzed with simple statistics. The results showed that (1) the percentage of pollination through the geitonogamy natural pollination system of udang gambier type was 89.30%, (2) the percentage of fertilization in the geitonogami's own natural pollination system was 10.68% and artificial was 27.5%, (3) the average percentage of pollen fertility was 56.56% and the pollen sterility was 43.44% tested with the bromothymol blue staining method.
Conclusion: Artificial geitonogami self-pollination was potential to develop for gambir cultivation
The Response of Fordhook Giant / Swisschard (Beta vulgaris var Cicla) and Mustard (Brassica Juncea) Spinach Vegetables to Irrigation with Saline Water
No full textSaline irrigation water is becoming an important water source as fresh water is fast becoming a scarce resource in many areas of the world, including Eswatini, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. A study to test the response of two varieties of spinach (fordhook giant and mustard) to salinity was conducted in a field pot experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture at the Luyengo Campus of the University of Eswatini. The treatments were laid in a randomized block design (RCBD). The experiment consisted of four treatments, each replicated twelve times. Treatments were salinity levels of 0.0 dS/m, 1.5 dS/m, 2.0 dS/m and 3.5 dS/m. All the treatments were subjected to similar agronomic practices. Spinach was grown and observed for a period of five weeks. Plant height was measured and the number of leaves counted weekly throughout the experiment. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between salinity treatments were obtained for plant height beginning in week 2 but were more pronounced in week 3, 4 and week 5. No significant differences were obtained for the number of leaves. There were however, clear significant differences between spinach irrigated with none saline irrigation water compared to saline irrigation water. It was concluded that irrigating spinach with saline water of more than 2.0 dS/m drastically reduce plant growth but not the number of leaves under the conditions of the experiment
Integrated Approach of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Management on Nutrient Composition and Uptake of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in Udic Rhodustalf Soil
No full textBackground: Pulses are important food crops that can play a major role in achieving food security, nutrition, and human health, contributing to the sustainability of agriculture and aiding the mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The nutrient uptake is directly or indirectly affected by many factors like total concentration as well as available quantity of different nutrients, root development, aeration, water potential, climatic conditions and other related soil parameters.
Aims: A field experiment was carried out to find out the effects of different manures along with inorganic fertilizers on nutritional status of two mungbean varieties.
Study Design: Experimental treatments consisted of eight combinations of each manure and inorganic fertilizers with Soil Test Base (STB).
Results: The results showed that integrated effects were found significant on Ca, Zn and Mn contents in seed and P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn contents in stover. The highest N (4.34%), Mg (0.48%), P (0.56%) contents in seed and N (1.52%), Mg (0.78%) and B (30.67 µg g-1) contents in stover was obtained by the application of 3 t ha-1 poultry manure + 70% STB. The highest seed protein content was found from the same treatment. On the other hand, the highest Zn, Mn, Cu and S contents in seeds, and Zn, Fe and K contents in stover were obtained from 3 t ha-1 vermicompost + 70% STB. The treatment of 3 t ha-1 poultry manure + 70% STB produced the highest uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cu in seeds and the highest uptake of Mg, Fe and B was found with stover. The nutrient contents of seeds were positively and significantly correlated with each other. In Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the first two principal components accounted for approximately 81.80% of the total variability. BARI Mung-6 appeared as the best variety and poultry manure @ 3 t ha-1 along with 70% inorganic fertilizers treatment for the better nutritional quality of Mungbean.
Conclusion: It was observed that different treatments performed differently in respect of nutrients contents and uptake of seed and stover, and protein contents. From the above experimental findings, it is concluded that BARI Mung-6 appeared as the best variety and poultry manure @ 3 t ha-1 along with 70% IF should be applied for getting better nutritional mungbean seed with higher protein contents under the agroclimatic condition of BARI
The Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Grown in the Malkerns Area, a Region in the Kingdom of Eswatini (Southern Africa)
No full textWater is fast becoming an economically scarce resource in many areas of the world, including Eswatini, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. A study to test the response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to deficit irrigation was conducted in a field plot experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture at the Luyengo Campus of the University of Eswatini. The treatments were laid in a randomized block design. The experiment consisted of four treatments, each replicated three times. Treatment 1 (T1) was irrigated daily, treatment 2 (T2) irrigated after 2 days, treatment 3 (T3) irrigated after 3 days and treatment 4 (T4) irrigated after 4 days. A total of 30 lettuce plants were planted in each treatment. The lettuce was grown for a period of four weeks and then harvested whole. Yield parameters measured included the number of leaves, the plant height (cm), leaf area index (LAI), and the fresh and dry head mass (grams). Significant differences (P < 0.01) between treatments T3 and T4 were obtained for fresh and dry lettuce head mass. The highest water use efficiency and crop water productivity were obtained in treatment T3. It was concluded that irrigating lettuce every three days was the best option for the area under the conditions of the experiment
Spermatozoa Abnormality Test of Boer Goats Frozen Semen with the Addition of Sweet Orange Essential Oil and Streptomycin in Tris Yolk Extender
No full textThis research aims to to determine the percentage value of spermatozoa abnormalities in Boer Goat frozen semen by adding a combination of streptomycin with sweet orange essential oil to tris yolk extender. The ingredients used in this study were fresh semen from Boer Goat, tris yolk extender, streptomycin, and sweet orange essential oil. Tris yolk extender is made using Tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane) (3.32 g), citric acid (1.86 g), fructose (1.37 g), glycerol (6 ml), egg yolk (20 ml), aquabides (100 ml). The study design was a non factorial completely treatments given were the addition of sweet orange essential oil at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. The results showed that the addition of a combination of streptomycin and sweet orange essential oil into the tris yolk extender had a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on the percentage value of spermatozoa abnormalities of Boer Goats before and after freezing. The best average value of spermatozoa abnormalities is the addition of sweet orange essential oil at 1% (P4) with the percentage of spermatozoa abnormalities before freezing at 3% and after freezing at 6%
Multivariate Analyses of Yield and Its Components in Some Peanut Genotypes
No full textAims: For proposing a statistical approach to select of the most promising genotypes for peanut breeding program.
Place and Duration of Study: Twenty peanut genotypes were evaluated at Matana Agricultural Station Research, Luxor governorate, Egypt during 2018 and 2019.
Study Design: In a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Methodology: Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation coefficients, factor analysis, cluster method and some genetic parameters for seed yield and its components were calculated.
Results: Results revealed that significant differences among the tested genotypes for the eight studied traits. Correlation coefficients indicated that seed yield was significantly correlated with all traits except plant height. Meanwhile, factor analysis was used to remove multi-collinearity problems, to simplify the complex relationships and to reduce variables number (into three extracted factors). 100-seed weight, number of branches/plant, 100-pod weight and seed oil content (%) with seed yield/plant traits which present in the 1st factor explained 42.039% of the total variance and recorded high heritability coupled with high genetic advance %. ANOVA results for factor scores obtained (native best multi-traits data) revealed that genotypes varied significantly.
Conclusion: Factor and cluster analysis agreed in grouping Ismailia 2, Intr. 267, Intr. 182, Intr. 332 and Sohag 107 to be promising genotypes to increase peanut seed yield, whereas genotypes Intr. 504 and intr. 510 could be utilized to increase peanut seed oil content %. Then, the utilization of a factor score as a variable in ANOVA analysis was more appropriate rather than the original data. Consequently, factor scores (as a native data) would be more agreeable to selection and can be employed in plant breeding programs