Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
Not a member yet
588 research outputs found
Sort by
Risk Factors and Treatment of Postpartum Anestrus in Cattle: The Case of Zebu
No full textThis literature review reports on risk factors for postpartum anestrus in zebus and their potential treatments. Prolonged postpartum anestrus is one of the major factors limiting reproductive efficiency in cattle, particularly in Bos indicus cows in tropical regions, as it prevents a calving interval of 365 days from being achieved. During anestrus, ovulation does not occur despite ovarian follicular development, as the growing follicles do not reach maturity. This period is very variable and depends on various factors whose importance is relative or, on the contrary, essential. Some are specific to the animal (breastfeeding or food); others relate more to its social environment, season sanitary conditions. Several hormonal treatments have been used to induce ovulation and cyclicity in postpartum cows. Generally speaking, given the inconsistency of the effects or even their lack of practicability, treatments using a single or repeated injection of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been gradually abandoned in favour of progestagens. These are administered for 8 to 12 days on a continuous basis in the form of a subcutaneous implant (Crestar®), a vaginal coil (PRID®) or a CIDR. A prostaglandin injection is given two days before the implant is removed. The addition of an ECG treatment at the time of device removal, which increased plasma progesterone concentrations and pregnancy rates in anestrous postpartum suckled Bos indicus cows, may be useful to improve reproductive performance. This improvement requires a better understanding of the effect of different risk factors on the recovery of postpartum cyclicity
Response of Some Soyabean Genotypes to Spraying with Potassium Silicate and Its effect on Yield and its Components, as Well as on Pod Worm Infestation Rate
No full textA field experiments were conducted at Mallawy Agric. station, (latitude of 28 N, longitude of 30 E and altitude of 49 m above sea level), El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive growing seasons (2019 /2020) to study the effect of different concentrations of potassium silicate (P.Si), 0,3,6 and 9cm3/L foliar spray, under four soyabean genotypes, i.e. Giza 111, Giza22, Line3(H3L119 selected from Giza82) and Line7(H4L130 selected from Giza83) on yield ,its attributes and seed chemical analysis as well as pod warm infestation. The results indicated that, in both seasons foliar spraying of potassium silicate had highly significant effect on all studied character except seed index (S.I.). The concentration (6 cm3/L.) gave the highest values of seed yield (S.Y./F.) at 31.8 and 31.2% in the two seasons, respectively, as compared to control, as well as decreased the pod worm infestation (P.W.%) by 64.85% average both seasons. In the other hand Giza 22 surpassed the other genotypes regarding most characters, also the interaction between potassium silicate and soyabean genotypes had significant effect for all studied traits in both seasons, except seed weight/plant(S.W.) in the first season, the best values for all traits were obtained by foliar spraying of potassium silicate(6 cm3/L.) with Giza 22, furthermore the interaction ships among seed yield and its attributes through simple correlation( r) and regression(b) analysis were evaluated. Regarding correlation coefficients the seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of seeds /plant (No.S/P), number of pods plant-1 (No.p/p), Seed weight/ plant and seed index A strong correlation of seed yield with these traits indicated that, simultaneous improvement of these traits is possible. These findings indicate that selection for each of number of seeds plant-1, number of pods plant-1, seed weight/ plant and 1000-seed weight would be accompanied by high yielding ability under such conditions. Also, the seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with quantity traits Protein percent, oil percent, chlorophyl a (chl,a) + b (chl,b) and carotin(crt.), using silicon may be involved in cell elongation and/or cell division. negative and significant correlations were observed between seed yield (ton/fed.) and each of Infestation pods (P.W.%) and seeds (S.W.%) with pod worm percent. Decrease in these traits will ultimately Increase the seed yield. Regression procedure indicated that 6cm3/L. of potassium silicate gave the highest yield and yield components and reduce the pod worm infestation
Yield and Yield Components of Boro Rice as Influence by Nitrogen Application Methods and Weed Management
No full textTwo consecutive field experiments were conducted at the Suapur Union of Dhamrai Upazila, Dhaka, is located at 23088´N latitude and 90014´E longitude and AEZ-12, Bangladesh. The purpose of the experiment was to study the combine effect of nitrogen application methods and weed management for maximizing yield and yield components of boro rice (cv.BRRI dhan29).The experiment consisted of four nitrogen management methods and four weed managements. The experiment comprised two factors; Factor A: Nitrogen management (4 levels), N0: No urea (control), N1: Urea super granules-USG (77 kg N ha-1), N2: Prilled urea at recommended dose (150 kg N ha-1) and N3: ½ of the recommended dose (75 kg N ha-1); Factor B: Weed management (4 levels), W0: No weeding (control), W1: Two hand weeding (20 and 40 DAT), W2: Pre emergence herbicide (Butachor) and W3: Post emergence herbicide (Prityloclor). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on different yield components and yield of BRRI dhan29 were recorded. Statistically significant variation was observed for their combined effect. The highest grain yield (6.80 t ha-1) was obtained from the interaction between urea super granules-USG (77 kg N ha-1) and pre emergence herbicide (Butachor), whereas whereas the lowest (3.85 t ha-1) from the interaction between no urea (control) and no weeding (control). From the results of the study it can be concluded that the application of urea super granules-USG (77 kg N ha-1) and pre emergence herbicide (Butachor) condition might be used for obtaining the best performance of BRRI dhan29
From Home-produced to Store-bought- How Lifes Changing: Consumption of Milk and Milk Products through Decades
No full textAims: This study aimed present a comprehensive picture of trends in the consumption pattern of milk and milk products with the objective to determine the shift in their consumption through different decades and locations.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Methodology: The study was conducted in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. The sample population comprised of both male and female subjects between the age group of 15 years to 55 onwards. The respondents were categorized into three age groups range as- 15-35 years, 36-55 years, and above 56 years. Starting from the age of 5 years, each age group is also categorized decade-wise. Being descriptive in nature the study was carried out through a field survey method using face-to-face interviews.
Results: The results showed that during earlier decades, milk was consumed daily by the majority of the population depending upon the fact that it was produced by the domesticated cattle and easily available. However, a high frequency of daily consumption was observed among the 15-35 years of age group, though it was more of purchased from store or dairy. Curd, however, was earlier prepared by milk produced at home, now mostly prepared at home from milk bought from stores or dairy. The practice of preparing buttermilk and butter/ghee milk products daily from the milk produced by domesticated cattle is experiencing a great drop, especially in the rural areas. Paneer (Indian cottage cheese) has got popular in the past few decades, though its consumption is highly dependent upon the location and economic condition of the household.
Conclusion: There is a great need for promoting cattle rearing and dairy farming for increasing production and consumption of home-produced healthy products from milk. Making people aware of the dietary requirements of milk and milk products during various life stages is also of prime importance
Development and Proximate Evaluation of Spirulina Enriched Food for Elderly Population
No full textSpirulina is a multicellular cyanobacterium that has achieved a considerable popularity in the health sectors due to high protein content, antioxidant and macro and micro nutrients. The consumption of food containing spirulina can forget the complications/diseases related with protein and iron deficiencies especially elderly population. This regard, a study to require to development of spirulina enriched food for elderly population. In the present study, spirulina enriched food bar (SEFB) was developed. SEFB accept overall acceptability by panelist such as color and appearance, aroma/odour, flavor and taste, body and texture. SEFB showed good amount of protein (11.86%), and iron (30.24%) as compared to control. Afterward, the developed SEFB exhibited good amount of antioxidants content (42.86%) and moisture conent (12.86%), respectively. SEFB can be most attractive and nutritious food for elderly people due to rich source of protein and iron. This novel food can solve diseases/problems related with protein and iron deficiency
Comparative Effects of Two Manure Types and Their Combinations on Growth and Yield of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum and Nakai) in Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria
No full textWatermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum and Nakai) is a high value fruit vegetable that has gained significant importance in Nigeria following the high level of satisfaction derived from its consumption, and the growing awareness of its nutritional and health benefits. However, its production has been limited to northern Nigeria with resultant increase in price of the crop. This study therefore assessed the growth and fruit yield of watermelon as influenced by pig and poultry manure rates during the 2020 late planting season (September to December). The experiment was a 3 × 3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Three levels of pig (Pg) and poultry (Pt) manures at 0, 5, and 10 t/ha constitutes the factors A and B, respectively. Data were collected on growth and yield attributes, and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p≤0.05, and principal component analysis (PCA) using GenStat discovery 10.3 edition. Correlation analysis was done using IBM SPSS (version 23) [1]. The results showed significant difference (p<0.05) for sole application of varying levels of pig and poultry manures as well as their combinations. For sole application of pig manure, Pg5 gave significantly higher fruit yield (129.2 t/ha) compared to Pg10, and Pg0 (86.8 and 43.8 t/ha, respectively) while Pt10 (109.1 t/ha) outperformed Pt5 and Pt0 (92.1 and 58.5 t/ha, respectively) for sole application of poultry manure. Combination of Pg5 + Pt10 gave the best result for fruit yield (174.4 t/ha) and is thus recommended for watermelon production in Nsukka
Evaluation of Nutritional and Anti Nutrition Factors of Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato, Yellow Root Cassava and Plantain Flour Blends Fortified with Moringa oleifera Leaves
No full textAim: The aim of this study is to produce flour from different blend ratio of orange fleshed sweet potato, yellow root cassava (YRC) and Plantain fortified with Moringa oleifera leaves powder and to determine the nutritional composition (vitamin and mineral) and phytochemical content of the composite flour.
Introduction: Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is a promising root crop due to its high β-carotene content which could help to reduce vitamin A deficiency (VAD). However, it is a less utilized perishable crop. Therefore, in other to improve it utilization in processing and bakery products the incorporation with other flours should be considered. In order to use OFSP tubers, incorporation with other flours in processing and baked products can be considered.
Study Design: The physicochemical analysis was carried out at the biochemistry laboratory of National Root Crop Research Institute (NRCR1) while part of the analysis was done at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan (IITA). Study lasted for 6 months.
Methodology: Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP), yellow roots cassava (YRC) were all sourced from National Root Crops Research Institute Umudike, while the plantain and Moringa oleifera leaves were gotten from Umuahia market and Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike (NRCRI) respectively. The samples were processed into flour and used to form a blend. The flour blend constitute of yellow root cassava, orange fleshed sweet potato and plantain which were fortified with Moringa oleifera leaves at constant portion of 5% while the YRC, OFSP and plantain were varied at different concentration of 65%, 70, 75, 80, 85, 95 and 5, 10, 95 and 5, 10, 15, 25 and 95% I.e. Sample A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H respectively.
Results: The result obtained indicated among the mineral content determined that sample G which serves as the control with 95% Plantain and 5% Moringa oleifera leaves powder exhibited highest in calcium having 13.26 mg/100 g, magnesium 88.06 mg/100 g, potassium 287.70 mg/100 g and iron 2.69 mg/100 g as compared to other composite flour. The phytochemical content of sample F (95% YRC with 5% Moringa oleifera leaves powder) has the highest in alkaloid, tannin and hemagglutinin content as 4.22 mg/100 g 2.26 mg/100 g and 12.43 mg/100 g respectively. The result also indicated that increase in the YRC and decrease in the OFSP caused an appreciable increase in the Vitamin B1, B3 C and D content.
Conclusion: The vitamins, mineral and phytochemical content of the products were enhanced and can be of nutritional benefit to the public
Biological Control of Aflatoxin on Egg Production Performance of Laying Hens
No full textThe deleterious effects of aflatoxin have been well documented in the literature on livestock and animal products. Although toxin binders and some methods of mitigating aflatoxin has been proven to illicit a positive response, but the effectiveness of biocontrol method of mitigation on the laying performance, egg production and characteristics have not been fully documented. Therefore, effect of aflatoxin bio-control method (Aflasafe) on growth indices, egg production and characteristics of laying chicken (LC) were investigated in this study. 700 point-of-lay Bovan Nera (LC) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments: Aflasafe maize-based diet (AMBD), Farm Feed with toxin binder (FF+toxin binder), aflatoxin-contaminated diet with toxin binder (ACDTB) and aflatoxin-contaminated diet without toxin binder (ACDWTB). The contaminated diets contained 306.3ppb aflatoxin and the experimental design was completely randomised with 4 treatments (n=175) and 5 replicates (n=35) per treatment for 14 weeks. Daily feed intake (DFI), Average egg weight (AEW), Average egg width (AEWd), Albumen length (AL) were determined using standard procedures. The DFI (g) of LC on ACDTB (113.54) and ACDWTB (115.13) was significantly lower than AMBD (124.66) and FF+toxin binder (129.06). The AMBD (1.45 g) significantly enhanced the AYD than other treatments. Aflasafe maize-based diet enhanced, egg characteristics in laying chicken. It also improved egg quality in laying chickens without adverse effect on the production. The use of aflasafe maize grain in poultry diet is recommended
Physiological Performance of White Oat Seeds Treated with Phosphite-based Products
No full textAims: White oats are considered one of the most important cereals in the world. Currently, fertilizers based on phosphorus and silicon are being studied as inductors of resistance in the treatment of seeds, since they have as advantages such as low costs and excellent absorption by plants. The effects of seed treatment with phosphite resistance inducers are still unknown, being necessary the study in relation to interact with the seed at the time of twinning.
Study Design: The experimental design used was completely randomized, with four replications, two commercial products based on phosphite FullTec Mais and Ultra Plus and five doses.
Place and Duration of Study: The work was conducted at the Didactic Laboratory of Seed Analysis of the Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas-RS, in 2019.
Methodology: White oat seeds were used, produced in the 2018/2019 agricultural kharif and treated with commercial products based on FullTec Mais and Ultra Plus phosphites, in five doses: 0; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.5 mL for each 100 kg of seeds. The variables evaluated were first germination count (CP), germination (G), shoot length (CA), root length (CR), total length (CT), accelerated aging (EV) and total dry mass (MST). The data expressed as a percentage were subjected to analysis of variance to verify the effect of treatments. Then, the Duncan means test (P=0.5) was performed, for the discrimination between the treatment means. Statistical analyzes were performed using the R Core Team (2020).
Results: The results showed that the FullTec Mais product stimulates the physiological performance of white oat seeds for the variables first germination count (CP), germination (G) and shoot length (CA), with a dose of 2 mL of the product per 100 kg of seeds that showed the highest expression. For the Ultra Plus product at a dose of 1 mL of the product per 100 kg of seeds it is more efficient in the accelerated aging test (EV), for the other variables it did not show significant differences.
Conclusion: It is possible to use phosphite-based micronutrients in seed treatment, without causing physiological damage to the seed during the twinning process
Modeling Techniques for Quantifying Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture Productions: Models Comparisons and Impact Assessment Research Framework
No full textAdditional warming caused by climate change will negative impacts on agricultural sectors. The problem is expected to be most harsh in regions were lacking in adaptive capacity in terms of information needed to make adaptive decisions to combat climate change impacts. Many strides have been made to understand and quantify climate impact on sensitive regions to climate change. However, for many food-insecurity hot-spot areas, the comprehensive data for impact assessment are rarely available. This paper outlined a research framework for providing knowledge for policy-makers, local authorities, and agricultural organizations to make informative climate change adaptive decisions for such areas. Several models are compared and discussed to show their advantage and disadvantage for appropriate model applications. We propose a framework to facilitate future impact assessment research, especially for regions where relevant data are lacking. This paper provides a research method of linking different models and combines the useful information acquired from models to make climate policies and adaption schemes cost-effectively with limited local data and farm information