Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Comparative Study of Different Insecticide Efficiencies against the Population of Winter Wheat Aphids (Sitobian avenae)
No full textWheat is one of the most important crop in India, it is 2nd most grown crop after the maize across all over the world. From last few decades the one of most common serious pest named Sitobian avenae of hemiptera genus detriorate the grains of winter wheat. It is the regular pest of winter wheat, which can cause up to the 40 percent of crop yield loss. The effectiveness of six pesticides as foliar applications against Sitobian avenae population was assessed at their recommended doses. The insecticides used, thiamethoxam 25% WG, imidacloprid 17.8 SL, monocrotophos 36 SL, quinalphos, lambda-cyhalothrin and the mixture solution of two insecticides thiamethoxam 12.6 % and the lambda cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC with their recommended field doses. However, one plot was also observed where no chemical treatment was given. Application of thiamethoxam 25 WG resulted significant control over the aphid’s population whereas the quinalphos was observed as less effective against the population of Sitobiaon avenae. It can be resulted that the thiamethoxam among all the chemical control applications could be highly effective or efficiently insecticide for restricting the growth of winter wheat aphids in field
Effects of Seed Provenance on Plant Establishment Index, Seedling Vigor Index and Speed of Germination of Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in Sokoto State, Nigeria
No full textThe study on effects of seed provenance on plant establishment index, seedling vigor index and speed of germination of Jatropha curcas L. was carried out during 2019 raining season, at Teaching and Research Farm, Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto, Nigeria. Jatropha seeds were collected from different live hedges of plant in the State, from four local government areas in each of senatorial district. The treatments consisted of 16 different accessions of Jatropha, laid out in a completely randomized design, replicated three times. Experimental land was ploughed manually using hand hoe and leveled using rakes. Fifteen rows of ridges at 0.5m apart were constructed. Seeds were planted in June, 2019 through dibbling. Two seeds per hole at a spacing of 0.5 x 0.5m. Which were later on thinned to a plant per stand after germination. Fertilizer was applied at one month after planting (IMAP). Data collected was subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the statistical analysis system (SAS, 2003). Significant differences in the treatments means were separated using the Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result obtained indicated statistically significant (P<0.05) variations among different seed accessions on parameters observed at the various periods of the observation. Seed accessions at SE1, SE3 and SW3 performed better than the rest the rest of the seed accession sources investigated. Therefore, it can be recommended for the environment of the study area for a maximum production dividend to the farmers and the other stakeholders in the production enterprise of the crop
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Agronomic Traits of Ethiopian Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Landraces
No full textSorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an important food security crop mainly in semi-arid and tropical parts of the African countries. Even though it is believed to be originated and domesticated in Ethiopia, sorghum production is inhibited by limited number of high yielding varieties. A field experiment was conducted at Assosa and Pawe Agricultural Research Centers during the 2019/20 cropping season with the objective of identifying sorghum landraces and breeding lines with high grain yield, study phenotypic and genotypic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield contributing traits. Forty two (42) sorghum landraces and breeding lines were planted in RCBD design in row column arrangement with two replications. The result of analysis of variance revealed that there is a significant variation among the tested landraces and breeding lines for all the evaluated characters. The highest yield of 3297Kg/ha was recorded for AScol19-Krm 124 followed by Ya036/1 with the mean yield of 3146kg/ha while the lowest grain yield of 817kg/ha was recorded for ETSCAs 10002-2-13-1 breeding line. Higher Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation values were scored for grain yield. High estimates of broad sense heritability were found in all plant characters under study. Highest heritability estimates (97.8) were found in grain yield. Values of genetic advance ranged between 21.94 for days to physiological maturity to 1934.46 for grain yield and the genetic gain (of the mean percent) was ranged from 11.48 for days to physiological maturity to 99.41 for grain yield. The greater extent of broad sense heritability together with higher genetic advance in characters studied showed the evidence that these traits were under the control of additive genetic effects which means undertaking selection in these landraces and breeding lines should lead to a rapid enhancement of the traits studied
Utility of Trichoderma Amended Compost to Manage Soil Borne Fungal Diseases of Vegetable Crops in Kota District of Rajasthan (India)
No full textIn the present research article, Trichoderma species was isolated and multiplied on a growth medium without contamination for compost preparation. The aim of this study was detecting organic substrates of Trichoderma spp. for their antagonistic ability, for this purpose six major agricultural fields of Kota district are selected , from each field about 3-3 samples of soil are collected to detect the percentage of fungal disease incidence and tricho-compost was applied over diseased plants to minimize the fungal attack over vegetable crops. It was observed that the disease incidence is minimized by using tricho-compost mixed with soil in Gopalpura and Balita Village
Development of Taro-based Products in the Dewi Catur Women's Farmer's Group, Catur Village Kintamani Bali
No full textThe taro processing is currently growing, producing a variety of products. Empowerment of rural communities to improve knowledge, skills and behavior requires a mentoring program. Catur village is close to Kintamani tourism object. Located 57.8 km from the provincial of Bali, the main livelihood of the Catur community is farming. Taro products that are in great demand. In addition to the nutritional content, the raw materials are also easy to obtain and the price is affordable. This service activity was carried out in the Dewi Catur women farmer group in Catur Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Taro products have been produced and marketed but are not yet intensive. The solution provides appropriate technology in processing taro products; provide knowledge of good processing methods, sanitation, product packaging, marketing, entrepreneurship and provide equipment assistance. The method used is active community participation and exploratory. The conclusion that can be drawn from this activity is that community service activities have been running smoothly. The group has mastered the technology for making bread, jam, nuggets and taro noodles up to 85%. It is necessary to provide further assistance to the group, the quality of taro product have a longer shelf life
Organic Amendments Influence the Yield of Vegetables and Soil Properties at Charlands in Bangladesh
No full textThe field experiment was conducted in the Charlands of Bangladesh during November 2021 to March 2022 to find the crop production and soil properties status. A randomized complete block design was followed with six treatments and three replications. The organic amendments were quick compost, standard organic fertilizers, poultry manure and biochar @ 3t/ha. A positive change was found for the application of manures compared to control plot with the crop production and soil fertility status from our experimental findings. The yield per plant of pumpkin was ranged from 27.24 to 85.61 kg and BCR 1.06 to 3.40. The fresh tuber yield of sweet potato was varied from 39.29 to 94.00 t/ha and BCR 1.20 to 3.54. Soil pH was varying from 6.74 to 7.36, OC from 0.69 to 1.82%, total N from 0.074 to 0.145%, available P from 7.49 to 17.66mg/kg, available S from 9.55 to 17.81mg/kg and Zn from 0.536 to 1.134mg/kg. Biochar treated plot showed the best result compered to others. Organic amendments should be recommended in the farmer’s field for better crop production and soil fertility status
Efficacy of Mechanical Seedling Transplanter and Deep Placement of Mixed Fertilizer on Rice Yield
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the West Byde of BRRI farm, Gazipur during T. Aman and Boro, 2021-22 season to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed mechanical rice transplanter cum fertilizer applicator. Five treatments in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Field experiments was conducted on silty clay loam soil in Gazipur. Individual plot size was 8m×5m with 30 cm buffer zone. The treatments were T1 = Mechanical transplanting along with 100% fertilizer (Urea, TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T2 = Mechanical transplanting along with 80% fertilizer (80% Urea and 100% TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T3 = Mechanical transplanting along with 70% fertilizer (70% urea and 100% TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T4 = Mechanical transplanting along with 100% fertilizer hand broadcasting (TSP, MoP and Gypsum fertilizer as basal dose and urea fertilizer in three split) and T5 = Hand transplanting of same seedling of rice transplanter along with 100% fertilizer hand broadcasting (TSP, MoP and Gypsum in basal dose and urea fertilizer in three split) and T6 = BRRI recommended practice. In this experiment, BRRI dhan89 and BRRI dhan92 was used in T. Aman and Boro seasons, respectively. In the field, saving percentage of urea fertilizer varied from 25% to 28% against the calibration of 30% of urea saving due to the variation of the machine, operational speed and more penetration of the driving wheel during operation. It was found that grain yield was varied with the mode and rate of urea fertilizer application. Mechanical transplanting along with urea fertilizer deep placement (80% of recommended dose) gave significantly higher yield compared to manual transplanting and hand broadcasting of urea. Mechanical transplanting along with deep placement of urea fertilizer is a promising technology for rice farmers in Bangladesh. Manual transplanting is tedious and time consuming as a result mechanical transplanting is seen as a solution of labor problems. No significant differences among the treatments was found in growth parameters. Significant variations were recorded in case of yield. BRRI recommended practice and mechanical transplanting with 80% urea with other fertilizers were produced very similar grain yield. From these results, it might be said that mechanical transplanting with 80% urea fertilizer is recommended with BRRI recommended hand transplanting practice. Urea saving is additional benefit with time savings and low transplanting cost when transplanted with rice transplanter cum fertilizer applicator
Seed Quality of Transplanted Aman Rice as Impacted by Rainfed in the Ripening Phase
No full textRainfall is the main contributor to provide soil moisture for rainfed rice (Transplanted Aman) cultivation. The aim of the study was to investigate the seed quality of different transplanted Aman rice cultivars that are influenced by rainfed during ripening phases. For this, several experiments have been performed during the transplanted Aman season of 2014, 2015, and 2016 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur. Two planting dates and three rice varieties were used in the treatment, and the treatments were organized in a randomized complete block design with three replications. T. Aman rice received huge rainfall up to vegetative phage resulting no irrigation demand in all three tested years. In all the parameters of yield and yield components, the association between planting dates and variety was not significant. Also the relationship between planting dates and variety did not greatly affect the germination percentage, seedling vigor index, high density grain shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Sixteen august planting produced a greater number of tillers m-2, panicles m-2, grain panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, grain and straw yield in the case of yield and yield components. While, the 1000-grain weight of panicles m-2, grain panicle-1, was greatly influenced by the variety. The highest 1000 grain weight and grain yield were produced by BRRI dhan46. The SVI, HDG percent, SDW and RDW were greatly influenced by planting dates in terms of seed quality. All of these criteria were higher for planting on 16 August than for planting on 12 September. Early transplanting received more rainfall in reproductive phase than late planting. Varieties were greatly influenced by all the seed quality parameters. BRRI dhan46 received the highest GM percent, SVI, HDG percent, SDW and RDW. Specific suitable transplanting dates were selected considering minimum irrigation at reproductive phage and maximun seed quality and grain yield. Delay in transplanting demanded more irrigation and reduced seed quality and grain yield
Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on Growth and Nutrient Content of Rice
No full textAims: The application of a huge number of chemical fertilizers for crop production alters the sustainability of the environment and creates pollution. This problem can be minimized by the application of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) are beneficial bacteria that promote plant growth and development through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted at the department of Soil Science, BSMRAU to investigate the effect of different PGPB isolates on growth, nutrient content, and uptake by rice.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out following a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. Twenty bacterial isolates were used as treatments with a control treatment. Thirty-five days old seedlings of rice were inoculated with different bacterial isolates for thirty minutes and planted in a plastic pot. Broth culture was applied at one-month intervals and crops were harvested 65 days after planting.
Results: Experimental results disclose that application of PGPB isolates resulted in a significant increase in plant height, SPAD value, root length, root volume, straw fresh weight, straw dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, nutrient content and uptake by the rice plant compare to control. The highest values of most of the parameters were recorded from the plant inoculated with the isolate BU Ls 28.
Conclusion: The present study suggests that the use of PGPB isolate BU Ls 28 might be used as a suitable inoculant for rice production due to the ability of this isolate to promote plant growth
A Comprehensive Review of the Hybrid Solar Dryers
No full textIn numerous under developed and developing countries, agrarian biological products are dried in open sun and this system of drying diminishes the exceptional quality, widespread acceptance and standard of the dried products because of hindrance from external contaminations, excessive ultra violet radiation and uneven drying rates. Decreasing petroleum derivative saves and expanding impacts of evolution global climate change environmental change because of ozone harming substance discharges have prompted a phenomenal worldwide interest in sustainable wellsprings of energy in food processing. A main competitor among these arising innovations is the change of sunlight to electric power as a substitute and steadiness for sun oriented drying framework. This process can be accomplished directly with sun powered cells (utilizing the photovoltaic impact) or indirectly by concentrating incident solar radiation to generate high-quality heat, which then supports heat production in conventional solar dryers. Various types of solar dryers have been designed and developed in different regions of the world, offering exclusive technical performances. In the hybrid solar dryers, the drying process is successful even under ominous atmospheric conditions. In this assessment paper, we reviewed unique forms of hybrid oriented solar dryers with respect to unique layout adjustments to be able to increase their effectiveness and thermal stability