Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research
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Identification and Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Strains from the Roots and Rhizospheres of Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli and Onion
No full textRhizosphere soils and roots of two vegetables (tomato and brinjal) and two spices (chilli and onion) crops were collected from each of four Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh viz. AEZ-9 (RARS, Jamalpur), AEZ-11 (RARS, Jashore), AEZ-25 (ARS, Bogura) and AEZ-28 (BARI, Joydebpur) in 2014-2015. Characterization and identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal strains were studied in the microbiology laboratory of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). Different crops showed positive responses in percent root colonization such as 74.11-83.78%, 22.11-24.33%, 7.33-8.89%, and 6.67-9.33% in onion, tomato, chilli, and brinjal, respectively. Rhizosphere soil of individual crops had also variations in the number of spore populations such as 120.11-200.33, 33.44-50.78, 36.11-39.22, and 28.56-41.89 per 100g soil in onion, tomato, chilli, and brinjal, respectively. Eleven AM strains were identified in tomatoes: Glomus geosporum, G. mosseae, G. fasciculatum, G. spp., Acaulospora dilatata, A. bireticulata, A. mellea, A. morrowiae, Entrophospora infrequens, Sclerocystis coremioides and Gigaspora margarita. Nine each were identified from other three crops. G. spp. and Acaulospora bireticulata were absent in brinjal and chilli. Acaulospora dilatata and A. mellea were absent in onion. The formation of AM structures was found inconsistent and fluctuating from site to site in the present study. Both oval and spherical-shaped vesicles were found among the AM structures
Role of Cold Storage in Rooting of Stem Cuttings: A Review
No full textCold storage is a strategy mainly used for ornamental cuttings for the purpose of prolonging production duration that provide the cuttings with the best condition at the time of planting. The results have been obtained from cold storage of carnations and chrysanthemums confirmed the fact that the herbaceous cuttings could be stored for about two months at not lower than 0ºC and more than 4ºC, with similar results of the cuttings directly planted without storage. On the other hand, hardwood cuttings are stored at low temperature in order to improve rooting ability via reducing rooting inhibitors that occur in dormant cuttings which were taken during dormant seasons (late fall or early winter). So, declining in rooting inhibitors has been observed in the hardwood cuttings of deciduous trees and Vitis spp which were subjected to low temperature for around 2-6 months. Consequently, rooting was improved in these species. Also, cold storage of cuttings of some coniferous trees increased rooting at a high rate. Other factors like cultivar and storage method may interact with cold storage duration and temperature degree as well. This review article outlines the information of the studies that have been obtained as a result of cold storage of the cuttings of different species
The Determinants of Farmers Adaptive Capacities to Poverty Related Diseases along River Niger in Edo and Kogi States, Nigeria
No full textMany of the diseases contributing to the disease burden in low-income countries are tightly linked to the debilitating conditions of poverty. At the global level, there are three primary poverty-related diseases (PRDs) acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), malaria and tuberculosis (TB). This study determining the determinants of farmers adaptive capacities to poverty related diseases along river Niger in Edo and Kogi States. Primary data were collected from respondents, multistage sampling technique were used to select respondents in Edo and Kogi States. Descriptive statistics, using the threshold concept for discrete variables results shows that land preparation pattern was the most used adaptive capacity to climate change in the study areas. The findings also show that gender, types of accommodation, sanitation, visit to hospital, amount spent on treatment, education and irrigation were the major determinants of climate change adaptation capacities to poverty related diseases. It was concluded that the major factors influencing adaptive capacities to poverty Related diseases were education, household size, off farming income, access to credit, distance to health Centre, cost of treatment, visit to hospitals and irrigation farming. The study recommends that to reduce effect of poverty related diseases, there is need for policy makers to engage communities when taking decisions relating to their health
Genetic Variability of Floral and Agronomic Characteristics that Influence Outcrossing Rate Percentage of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Rice
No full textDeveloping high-yielding hybrid rice varieties is much needed to ensure food security to meet the requirement of the increasing population across the world. Cytoplasmic male genetic sterility system is a valuable technology for the exploitation of heterosis and production of high-yielding hybrid rice with better grain quality. Large-scale commercial exploitation of hybrid vigor in rice largely depends on the availability of good CMS (Cytoplasmic Male Sterile) lines. A total of eighteen traits of five CMS lines of rice were evaluated to study the variability and correlation between floral and other yield-contributing traits with outcrossing rate using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. High significant variation was observed among the genotypes for all the studied traits. High GCV (Genotypic Coefficient of Variance) and PCV (phenotypic Coefficient of Variance) coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance in percent of mean were observed for number of panicles per plant, filled grain, flag leaf breadth, stigma length and breadth, filament length and outcrossing rate which indicated the broad genetic base, less environmental influence, and these traits are under the control of additive gene action. character association and path analysis indicated that number of grains per panicle, filled grains per panicle, stigma length, and breadth possessed both positive significant correlation and positive direct effects on outcrossing rate therefore, selection for the traits mentioned above will certainly bring in the improvement of the outcrossing percentage of the lines, which in turn enhances the seed quantity of the hybrid
Evaluating the Long-Term Effect of Integrated Nutrients of Pome, Cow Dung and NPK on Soil Chemical Properties under a Garden-Egg Field
No full textSoil amendments have been found to have a long-term effect on soil either positively or negatively, several soil management researches have been able to establish that sole application of inorganic fertilizer particularly nitrogen fertilizers can leave residual hydrogen ions in the soil which causes soil acidity over time. This study investigated the residual effects of different soil amendments of Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME), cow dung, and NPK fertilizer, on soil chemical properties in two locations: Ekiti State University Teaching and Research Farm (EKSU) and Onu-Ijelu High School Agricultural Farm. The aim is to evaluate the long-term impact of these commonly used organic and inorganic nutrient sources on soil properties. The research utilizes a randomized complete block deign replicated three times to test the residual effect of the treatments. The research was divided into first and second trial, the result presented here is based on the outcome of the second trial. At the termination of the residual trial, it was found that organic matter contents of soils treated with cow-dung and POME increased while that of the NPK fertilizer reduced. There was a decrease in soil pH on soils treated with NPK fertilizer but found to increase on soils treated with POME and cow-dung. Other nutrient elements including exchangeable cations were also found to increase in soils with POME and Cow-dung. This phenomenon was attributed to mineralization process which made nutrients stored-up in these organic materials to be released slowly and at the same time reducing their loss from the soil. It was concluded that nutrients from organic sources have a longer residual advantage to soil and can be used in combination with inorganic fertilizer for better soil management. The findings from these result provides valuable insights into the long-term effect of these soil amendments and can help farmers and researchers make informed decisions about their appropriate and sustainable use in agriculture
Use of Satellite Data to Extract pH Values for Crop Planning and Management of Sorghum and Green Gram in Tharaka Nithi and Machakos Counties, Kenya
No full textSoil pH is one of the most important soil properties influencing plant growth and productivity. The pH of the soil affects nutrient availability, microbial activity, and soil structure. As a result, accurate soil pH measurement is critical for effective soil management, plant growth, and sustainable agriculture practices. This study was conducted by analyzing the Landsat 8 satellite images, soil data of field surveys, laboratory analyses and statistical computations. The research combined and integrated the soil data from survey and laboratory with Landsat 8 satellite images to build two multiple regression equations model to enable the comparison of the two datasets i.e., field data and satellite data. The field and satellite data depicted the soil pH to range between 6.4 -7.8 for green gram while that of sorghum study area was 6.5 to 7.5. Field data showed a very strong relationship between field and satellite data with R2 for green gram soil pH being 0.91 while that for sorghum was 0.99. The positive relationship between field and satellite data is an indication that soil pH can be estimated from satellite thereby increasing the frequency of soil pH monitoring and as well as having a cost-effective and rapid method for soil pH determination
Use of Satellite-based Leaf Area Index Data for Monitoring Green Gram Crop Growth in Ikombe-Katangi Area, Machakos County, Kenya
No full textMonitoring the conditions under which crops grow and estimating their yield is essential to the process of economic development in any nation. The traditional approaches to crop monitoring are labor- and resource-intensive, as well as limited in their ability to cover expansive geographic regions. Since remote sensing data is integrated with ground measurements, it has been used as a potentially useful tool to extract biophysical variables such as leaf area index (LAI), biomass, and phenology. Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a key variable that bridges remote sensing observations to the quantification of agroecosystem processes such as yield. The potential of satellite-based LAI for monitoring crop growth was investigated and compared to field measurements. This was the objective of his study. High resolution leaf area index was retrieved from Landsat 8 OLI imageries, and ground leaf area index measurements were taken in Ikombe-Katangi Machakos in Machakos county. An equation based on regression was developed to estimate the leaf area index using the normalized difference vegetation index that was derived from Landsat-8 OLI (NDVI). According to the findings, the derived LAI exhibited strong linear relationships with the leaf area index that was measured on the ground for green gram crops, with RMSE values being 0.09846, and R2 values of 0.9249. The overall findings shed light on the viability of using multispectral data, in estimating leaf area index in a very fragmented agricultural landscape, such as that found in the Ikombe and Katangi areas of Machakos, Kenya. Therefore, accurate crop monitoring on a large scale can be accomplished through remote sensing data in conjunction with LAI measurements taken from the ground. The implementation of the leaf area index is subject to the environmental condition which requires to be investigated as the use of remote sensing data is advocated for. The advancement in the use of satellite data for extraction LAI data is key towards transforming crop production within Kenya ad Africa at large. Scarce resources for crop growth monitoring can now be augmented with open-source satellite datasets such as Landsat 8 in LAI estimation
Integrated Effect of Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizers on the Yield & Yield Contributing Characteristics of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
No full textField experiment was conducted at the BINA Sub-Station, Ishurdi to investigate the integrated effect of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on the yield and yield contributing characters of brinjal. Seven treatments were used in the experiment. The treatments used in the experiments were T1: Control; T2: Recommended fertilizer (RF); T3: 75% RF + 3 tha-1 Vermicompost (VC); T4: 75% RF + 5 tha-1 VC; T5: 50% RF + 3 tha-1 VC; T6: 50% RF + 5 tha-1 VC; T7: 5 tha-1 VC. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatment T4 (75% RF + 5 tha-1) gave maximum yield (7.8 tha-1) of brinjal followed by the treatment T6 (6.88 tha-1). But the treatments T3 and T5 gave identical yields of brinjal. Therefore, fertilizer doses of N101.25, P27, K52.5, S3.75, Zn0.75 kgha-1 with VC @ 5 tha-1 for Ishurdi could be adopted in the cultivation of brinjal for getting maximum yields
Determination of Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Gmelina arborea Seed
No full textThe properties of kernels, grains and seeds are important in the development of equipment for transportation, handling and processing. Physical and mechanical properties of Gmelina arborea where experimentally determined. The moisture content of Gmelina arborea was determined as 41.30%wb. The major, minor and intermediate diameters were 18.16 ± 1.79 mm, 10.52 ± 0.93 mm and 9.40 ± 0.81 mm respectively. The geometric and arithmetic mean diameter were calculated as 12.12 ± 1.10 and 9.56 ± 0.90 mm respectively. The sphericity was 66.91%, aspect ratio, 58.19, bulk and true densities, 0.64 kg/m3 and 0.96 kg/m3 respectively. The porosity and mass of a 1000 seeds were 66.67% and 621.33g respectively. The coefficient of friction determined on four different surfaces were; on wood, 0.4 ± 0.7, on galvanized steel, 0.37 ± 0.6, on glass, 0.36 ± 0.4 and on aluminum, 0.34 ± 0.6. The angle of repose was 24.09o. The compressive test conducted on the three major axes; vertical, horizontal and transverse shows that the energy needed for cracking of the Gmelina arborea is least on the horizontal axis, 0.808 ± 0.19 kN, followed by the vertical axis, 1.496 ± 0.35 kN and then the transverse axis, 2.39 ± 0.20 kN, with corresponding stress as 1.52 ± 0.35, 2.90 ± 0.45 and 4.90 ± 0.44 MPa respectively
Nutritive and Antioxidant Properties of Cocoa Placenta Obtained from Cocoa Varieties Grown in Lodjiboua (Côte d’Ivoire)
No full textCocoa placenta obtained after the removal of beans is a huge cocoa farm by-product usually regarded as waste by farmers. In order to contribute to their wider valorization, placenta of three varieties cocoa to know forastero, criollo and national (hybrid variety) have focused our attention. After fermentation of the placentas for 6 days, they were dried in an oven at 50° C. for 72 hours. The nutritive properties of cocoa placenta studied has give the follow results: ash (6.00 - 9.40%), proteins (7.50 - 11.40%), lipids (2.80 - 6.60%), fibers (26.20 - 36.70%) and total sugar (9.60 - 16.10%). The mineral elements contents were high with remarkable amount of K (1063.50 - 1645.12 mg/100g), Mg (196.70 - 246.89 mg/100g), Ca (96.20 - 128.41 mg/100g) and Fe (1.45 - 8.40 mg/100g). Regarding antioxidant properties, these cocoa placenta also contained appreciable levels of polyphenols (176.90 - 301.40 mgGAE/Kg), flavonoids (24.60 - 79.60 mgECE/Kg) and tannins (5.90 - 21.80 mg/Kg). The studied cocoa placenta antioxidant activity varying from 9.50 - 24.40 mmolTEq/Kg for DPPH (2.2- Diphenyl 1- picrylhydrazyl) and 22.90 - 64.30 mmolTEq/Kg for ABTS (Acide 2.2-azino-bis (3-éthylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonique). The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that cocoa placenta is a potential by-product that need could be used in animal feed or human food formulation